The Spiritual Self Uts

Understanding the self| group 9
T H E
S P I R I T U A L
S E L F
Topics Covered
The concept of "Dungan", Spirit and Soul

Rituals and Ceremonies
Finding and creating Meaning
Dungan
The concept “a life force, an energy, as well
as an eternal entity, a spirit
of "Dungan", with a will of its own that

resides in the human body and
Spirit and provides the essence of life”

(Magos, 1992, pp.47-50)
Soul
Everyone has a “Dungan”
Dungan is a similar concept
to a soul
According to our ancestors:
"But I know every rock Souls – are quasi-physical and can exist outside
and tree and creature the body (in dreams and visions) and has the
Has a life, has a spirit, ability to transfer from one body to another.
has a name." Also believed that souls persist after death

-Pocahontas and become what Filipinos call “multo”
(ghost)
Spirits – our ancestors already believed in spirits

or spiritual beings that dwell in the environment
such as life forces in the nature (wind, moon, and
stars) Central to traditions of our ancestors was the
belief that living and non-living creatures have a
“life force".
THE SPIRITUAL SELF:
Souls and spirits are
two primary immaterial
S O U L S aspects ascribed to
humanity.
There are different meaning
A N D or ideas between a soul and
spirit varying from culture
to culture as well as
religion.
S P I R I T
Etmology In Eastern Culture
Soul – Old English: “sawol” – “spiritual and
emotional part of a person’s animate existence.” Soul – part of a person that has
Spirit – Latin: spiritus “a breathing, breath, Dharma
breath of god, breath of life.” -Hinduism: dharma – an individual's duty
fulfilled by observance of custom or law
-Dharma incurs karma
Biblical beliefs -Karma – a sum of a person’s action weather
Soul – conscious, moral and thinking part of positive or negative. A person’s fate
person depends on a person’s karma.
- Immortal; will go to hell, heaven or purgatory
after one’s death Spirit – nature and ancestor spirits a
Spirit – holy spirit; force of God are common in Taoism
-Shamanism: divination, spirit possession,
In Western Culture faith healing.
-Animalistic sspirits, ghosts, deities
Soul – one’s moral consciousness [ex. a murderer
can be called soulless or to have no soul]
Spirit – ghost, supernatural beings.
The Repeated physical gestures or
activities to connect worshippers
function of to the higher power.
Rituals Psychological perspective: access

to spiritual powers; stability
when facing problems.
Rituals and Ceremonies
Ritual - action performed in a costumary way

prescribed by the tradition of the community.
Ceremony - formal act performed in observation

of an event or anniversary.
General Approaches
to the
Origin of Rituals
Origin approach Function approach History of Religion

part of human evolution. using imperical evidences approach
to explain ritual expression of the sacred.
behavior.
Classification of Rituals:
AImitative ritual Sacrificial ritual

based on belief system such as destruction of the sacrifice to
patterned myths. offer to a higher being.
Life Crisis ritual

Negative ritual
transition of one stage of life into
rules of prohibition to prevent
another.
misfortune.
Religion
Relationship between humans and
Religion,
spiritual forces; supplicates spiritual
forces.
Magic,
Magic
and A form of superstition lacking the
intrinsic spirituality; manipulates
Witchcraft
powers.
Similarities:
All aspects deal with the
unseen or supernatural Witchcraft
power. Exercise of alleged supernatural powers
to control people or events; exists more
in imagination & used to represent the
evil in the world.
F I N D I N G
A N D C R E A T I N G
M E A N I N G O F
L I F E
Spiritual Versus Religious
SPIRITUAL RELIGIOUS
A spiritual person who places a little importance A person who believes in God or groups of gods and
on beliefs and traditions and is more concerned consciously adheres to the beliefs of his/her
with growing and experiencing divine. religion.
A person in which his/her approach to God is

A religious person takes the approach of fear. It
through the path of love. A love where there is no
emphasizes sin, guilt, and the concept of a
condemnation and judgement, but there is mercy and
punishing God.
acceptance.
Why do we
need/ what is
the importance It is an idea that individuals
are strongly motivated, to
of searching for find meaning in their lives
and to be able to understand
the meaning of the nature of their personal
existence, and feel its
life? significant purpose.
According to Viktor Frankl, the
meaning serves a number of
importance in human lives.
The meaning provides a purpose of our lives.
It furnishes values or standards by which to
judge our actions.
It gives us a sense of control over the
events in our life.
It provides us with self-worth.
We can By creating a work or doing a deed.
discover
the
meaning in By experiencing something or
encountering someone.
life in three
different
ways By the attitude we take towards an
unavoidable suffering.
(Frankl,2009)

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Understanding the self| group 9

The concept of "Dungan", Spirit and Soul

of "Dungan", with a will of its own that

Spirit and provides the essence of life”

has a name." Also believed that souls persist after death

Spirits – our ancestors already believed in spirits

function of to the higher power.

Rituals Psychological perspective: access

Ritual - action performed in a costumary way

Ceremony - formal act performed in observation

Origin approach Function approach History of Religion

AImitative ritual Sacrificial ritual

Life Crisis ritual

A person in which his/her approach to God is

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