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    Chapter 3

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    Bhima Game

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter 3

    Uploaded by

    Bhima Game
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    CHAPTER 3

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    5 views3 pages

    Chapter 3

    Uploaded by

    Bhima Game

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Chapter 3

    OPERATORS AND EXPERSSIONS

    OPERATORS:-

     Arithmetic Operator:-
    Ex: +, - , /, *, % , are used to perform the basic arithmetic operator
    such as addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, etc.

    (*) Note:
    Modulus operator can’t be used on floats.

     Equality, Relational and Logical Operators:-


    These operators are basically used to compare the operands. These
    are binary operators. The result of these operators is of type boolean
    I-e true or false. They are,
    < (less than), > (greater than), == (equality), <= (less than or equal
    to), >= (greater than or equal to), != (not equal to).

     Logical Operators:-
    These operators are used to make decision. They are also used to
    connect two or more relational expressions. They are,
    ! (logical NOT), && (logical AND), || (logical OR).

     Assignment Operator:-
    Syntax :- identifier = expression;
    Ex:- x = 1234;
    x = a + b;

     Increment and Decrement Operators:-


    Increment operators are represented by ++ symbol and decrement
    operators are represented by -- symbol.
    ++ increments the value by 1.
    -- decrements the value by 1.

    Ex:- x++, y—
    Note:
    ++ and – can be placed before or after the operand. If it appears before the
    operand it is called preincrement (or predecrement). If it is placed after the operand
    it is called the post increment (or postdecrement).

    Ex:- int x, y;
    x++; postincrement
    ++x; preincrement
    y--; postdecrement
    --y; predecrement

    Ex:- In a program,
    int x, y;
    y = x++;  Assigns ‘x’ value to ‘y’ first, then increment ‘x’ value.
    y = ++x;  First increments ‘x’ value and then assigns.
    y = x--;  Assign first and then decrement.
    y = --x;  First decrement and then assign.

     Conditional Operator:-
    ?  is used . It is also called as ternary operator as it takes three
    operands.
    Syntax:-
    (exp) ? (Operand1) : (Operand2);
    here exp is tested, if it results is true value, then it returns operand 1
    otherwise operand 2.

    Ex:-
    Int x = 10, y = 20, z;
    z = (x > y) ? x : y;

     Sizeof Operator:-
    *) returns size (in bytes) of an object or datatype;
    *) sizeof() operator should be written in lower-case letters.
    *) it should precede its operand.

    Ex:-
    Int x;
    Sizeof(x);  returns 2 bytes.

     Bitwise Operator:-
    All data items are stored in computer’s memory as a sequence of 0’s
    and 1’s. there are many applications which require the manipulatio of
    these 0’s and 1’s directly. So these are used.
    Bitwise operators are,
    ~  bitwise not
    <<  bitwise leftshift
    >>  bitwise rightshift
    &  bitwise AND
    !  bitwise OR
    ^  bitwise XOR
    EXPRESSIONS
    An expression is a combination of operators , constants & variables arrayed as per
    the rule of the language. It may also include function calls which return values.
    An expression may consist of one or more operands, and zero or more operators to
    produce a value.

    Types:
    1) Constant Expression 2) Integral Expression
    3) Float Expression 4) Pointer Expression
    5) Relational Expression 6) Logical Expression
    7) Bitwise Expression

    1) Constant Expression:-

    Consists of only constant values like


    Ex:- 15, 20 +5 / 2.0

    2) Integral Expression:-

    Are those which produce integer results after implementing all the automatic
    and explicit type conversions
    Ex:- m * n - 5;
    5 + int (2.0);

    3) Float Expression:-

    Which, after all conversions produce floating point results.


    Ex:- x+y // where x and y are floats

    4) Pointer Expression:-
    Produce address values
    Ex:- &m, *ptr

    5) Relational Expression:-
    Yields results of type true or false.
    Ex:- x <= y, a + b == c + d

    6) Logical Expression:-
    Combines two or more relational expressions and produces Boolean type
    results I-e true or false.
    Ex:- (a > b) && (x==10)
    (x==10) || ( y==5)

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