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    Separation of Polymers by Solvent Fractionation

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    Shalini Kris

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    Separation of Polymers by Solvent Fractionation

    Uploaded by

    Shalini Kris
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    Separation_of_Polymers_by_Solvent_Fractionation.docx

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    5 views3 pages

    Separation of Polymers by Solvent Fractionation

    Uploaded by

    Shalini Kris

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Title

    Separation of Polymers by Solvent Fractionation


    Objectives
    1. To understand the concept of polymer solubility
    2. To study the polymer fractionation related to solubility parameters of polymer
    and solvent.
    Result & Calculations
    Mass of Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE), g 0.5098
    Mass of Filter Paper, g 0.2174
    Mass of Recovery LDPE + Filter Paper, g 0.8170
    Mass of Recovery LDPE 0.4996
    Percentage of Recovery of LDPE

    Mass of Polystyrene (PS), g 0.5012


    Mass of Filter Paper, g 0.3109
    Mass of Recovery PS + Filter Paper, g 0.7976
    Mass of Recovery PS 0.4867
    Percentage of Recovery of PS

    Mass of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), g 0.5008


    Mass of Filter Paper, g 0.3116
    Mass of Recovery PVC + Filter Paper, g 1.2210
    Mass of Recovery PVC 0.9094
    Percentage of Recovery of PVC

    Mass of Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA), 0.5041


    g
    Mass of Crucible, g 52.9101
    Mass of Recovery PMMA + Filter Paper, g 53.1414
    Mass of Recovery PMMA 0.2313
    Percentage of Recovery of PMMA

    This study source was downloaded by 100000871406645 from CourseHero.com on 09-13-2023 11:17:36 GMT -05:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/80791736/Separation-of-Polymers-by-Solvent-Fractionationdocx/
    Discussion
    In this experiment was using 4 different polymer which were Poly(Vinyl
    Chloride) (PVC), Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA), Low Density Polyethylene
    (LDPE) and Polystyrene (PS) were mixed together and recovered through technique
    known as solvent fractionation. The percentage recovery of LDPE, PVC, PS and
    PMMA were 98.00%, 97.11%, 181.59% and 45.88%.
    The solvent fractionation method was used of different types of polymer was
    depend on the basic principle of “Like Dissolve Like” principle, where the non –
    polar polymer will dissolve in non – polar solvent while the polar polymer will
    dissolve in the polar solvent. In this experiment, different type of solvent was used
    which included Toluene, Acetone, Methanol and Cyclohexanone which to extract the
    mixture of the solvent.
    Structure of the polymer used in this experiment

    The solvent for separation of plastics is based on the use of the solubility
    parameter which had been referred as a universal constant since it is related with
    broad properties such as surface tension, coefficient of thermal expansion, cohesive
    energy, critical pressure and latent heat. The closer the solubility of parameters of the
    polymer and the solvent are, the more likely the polymer is soluble in that solvent.
    In this experiment, the recovery of PVC is 181.59% due to present of
    impurities and it might cause by the mixing between PMMA and PVC solution during
    the recovery of PVC because the PMMA might not completely dissolve in methanol
    Questions
    1. By using Smalls equation, calculate the polymer solubility parameter, δ2, for
    PVC, LDPE, PS and PMMA using the equation below, where the molar attraction
    constant per unit for the functional groups are on the table as follows.
    2= Σ E V = ρ Σ EM
    LDPE PVC PS PMMA
    Molecular Mass (M) of repeating unit (g/ 28.00 62.50 104.00 100.00
    mol)

    Density (g cm ) -3
    0.85 1.41 1.05 1.17
    Σ E (J cm )/ mol
    1/2 3/2
    263.00 397.50 1734.50 776.00

    2 of LDPE = (0.85g cm ) (263 J cm mol ) / (28 g/ mol)


    -3 1/2 -3/2 -1

    = 7.89 J cm
    1/2 -3/2

    2 of PVC = (1.41g cm ) (397.5 J cm mol ) / (62.5 g/ mol)


    -3 1/2 -3/2 -1

    = 8.97 J cm
    1/2 -3/2

    This study source was downloaded by 100000871406645 from CourseHero.com on 09-13-2023 11:17:36 GMT -05:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/80791736/Separation-of-Polymers-by-Solvent-Fractionationdocx/
    2 of PS= (1.05g cm ) (1734.5 J cm mol ) / (104 g/ mol)
    -3 1/2 -3/2 -1

    = 17.51 J cm 1/2 -3/2

    2 of PMMA = (1.17g cm ) (776 J cm mol ) / (100 g/ mol)


    -3 1/2 -3/2 -1

    = 9.08 J cm 1/2 -3/2

    2. Explain how solubility is affected by polymer chain structure.


    A polar polymer dissolves in polar solvent but not in non-polar solvent vice versa for
    the non-polar polymer. Solubility of the polymer increase when degree of branching
    of polymer increase due to its smaller size. Crosslinked polymer will reduce the
    solubility of the polymer by inhibiting the interaction between polymer chains and
    solvent molecules, preventing those polymer chains from being transported into
    solution.

    3. Would processes resembling this experiment be suitable for treating plastic?


    No. This is due to plastic are made up of tens of thousands of repeating unit and
    dissolving the plastic in a solvent would take a very long time which is not practical.

    This study source was downloaded by 100000871406645 from CourseHero.com on 09-13-2023 11:17:36 GMT -05:00

    https://www.coursehero.com/file/80791736/Separation-of-Polymers-by-Solvent-Fractionationdocx/
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