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    Homework Fluid Mechanics

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    Homework Fluid Mechanics

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    Homework fluid mechanics

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    Homework Fluid Mechanics

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    of 8

    ME 152A, F24 Problem Set 2

    Handed out: Friday, October 11


    Due: Friday, October 18

    Applications

    1. Application 1: Determine the pressure difference between the center-


    line points A and B in Fig. 1 if the manometer liquid CD is in the
    position shown (15 points).

    The density of the liquid in AC and DB is ρ = 800 kg/m3 and in CD


    ρCD = 1100 kg/m3 . Remember that you should derive the pressure
    difference in terms of the densities and vertical distances in the system
    before substituting the values. The distances should be noted hAB ,
    hDB , etc.

    Figure 1: Manometer

    Note on manometers: Manometers measure small pressure values or


    differences using liquid columns of different heights. The pressure mea-
    sured is the static pressure.

    1
    2. Application 2:
    The tank in Fig. 2 is filled with water at rest. The absolute pressure
    at A is 200 kPa, and the pipe connecting B and C has a diameter of 50
    mm. What is the force acting on the end caps at B and C (7 points)?

    Figure 2: Tank

    2
    3. Application 3:
    A 2 m wide rectangular gate is placed at the bottom of a dam (20
    points).
    (a) Place the origin and the axis of the conventional coordinate system
    on the figure.
    (b) Determine the resultant force that acts on the gate. This should
    be a vector.
    (c) Define the point of application of the resultant force.
    (d) Place the centroid and center of pressure on the gate.

    Figure 3: Gate

    3
    4. Application 4: A cube of dimensions equal to 1 m sits in water. The
    top surface of the cube is flush with the water surface, so the pressure
    acting on the top surface of the cube is p0 , the atmospheric pressure.
    We note the water density ρwater . We want to add up the pressure
    forces on each side of the cube and compare the total force with the
    buoyancy force. Assume the atmospheric pressure acts on all surfaces
    and work with gauge pressure. (7 points).
    (a) What is the pressure force acting on the 4 side faces?
    (b) What is the pressure force acting on the bottom face?
    (c) What do the forces add up to?
    (d) What is the buoyancy force acting on the cube? Comment.

    4
    Problems

    5. Problem 1: Assuming that the density of water is 1.94 slug/ft3 , the den-
    sity of air is 2.37 x 10−3 slug/ft3 and the density of oil is 1.77 slug/ft3 ,
    determine the pressure at A, B, C and at the water/oil interface - ex-
    pressions then values in psi (15 points).

    h1 = 4 ft Air h3 = 3 ft
    Oil
    B
    h4 = 4 ft
    h2 =4 ft Water
    A C h5 = 1 ft

    5
    6. Problem 2: Water fills the pipe going through C (out of the page). As-
    suming the system is at equilibrium and using the parameters listed on
    the schematic below, define the expressions and values of the pressure
    at A, B, and C? (15 points)

    Air at p = 30 kPa
    reservoir

    pipe
    h1 = 50 cm
    Water
    h2 = 6 cm C

    h2 h3 = 8 cm
    B
    A
    Gage fluid (SG = 2.4)

    6
    7. Problem 3: Assume that the density of fresh water is 998 kg/m3 , and
    the density of salt water is 1025 kg/m3 . The gate is 5 m wide, into the
    page. The gate weighs 0.448 kN/m (the unit length is perpendicular
    to the page). We will determine the height of the fresh water at which
    the gate opens. We will use resultant forces (gauge pressure) on all
    surfaces as P0 acts on all surfaces. (21 points).

    Figure 2.65: Salinity control gate

    h
    Salt water Freshwater

    Fluid Mechanics for Engineers Copyright © 2017 by Pearson Education, Inc.


    David A. Chin All Rights Reserved

    Figure 4: Salinity gate

    (a) Why will the gate open if the height of fresh water is large?
    (b) Define the coordinate system that you will use to find the force due
    to the salt water on the gate.
    (c) Define the force due to the salt water on the gate and its point of
    application.
    (d) Define the coordinate system that you will use to find the force due
    to the fresh water on the gate.

    7
    (e) Define the force due to the fresh water on the gate and its point of
    application.
    (f) Define the coordinate system that you will use to express the open-
    ing condition.
    (g) What is the height of the fresh water at which the gate opens?

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