‫ﺑِﺳْ مِ اﻟﻠ ِﮫ اﻟرﱠ ﺣْ ﻣٰ ِن اﻟرﱠ ِﺣﯾْمِ‬

Application of Information and

Communication Technologies
Lecture 01 – Introduction to Computer World
‫‪Dua – Take Help from Allah Before Starting Any Task‬‬

‫اﻟﻠﱠ ُﮭ ﱠﻢ ﺧِ ﺮْ ﻟِﻲْ وَاﺧْ ﺘَﺮْ ﻟِﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺒْﺤَ ﺎﻧَ َﻚ َﻻ ِﻋ ْﻠ َﻢ ﻟَﻨَﺎ إ ﱠِﻻ ﻣَﺎ َﻋﻠﱠ ْﻤﺘَﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ۖ ُ‬
‫إِﻧﱠ َﻚ أَﻧْﺖَ ا ْﻟ َﻌﻠِﯿ ُﻢ اﻟْﺤَ ﻜِﯿ ُﻢ‬
‫ﺻ ْﺪرِي‬ ‫ﺷﺮَحْ ﻟِﻲ َ‬ ‫رَبﱢ ا ْ‬
‫َوﯾَﺴﱢﺮْ ﻟِﻲ اَ ْﻣﺮِي‬
‫وَاﺣْ ﻠُ ْﻞ ُﻋ ْﻘ َﺪةً ﻣِﻦْ ﻟِﺴَﺎﻧِﻲ‬
‫ﯾَ ْﻔﻘَﮭُﻮا ﻗَﻮْ ﻟِﻲ‬
Dr. Jawad Shafi – About Me

PhD
Lancaster University, UK

Assistant Professor
COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus

Group Member
NLP Group, CUI, Lahore Campus
Course Details - Instructor

Instructor Dr. Jawad Shafi

Email [email protected]

Office Room no. 181, Faculty Block

CUI Profile https://lahore.comsats.edu.pk/Employees/551

Course Details – For BSE Course (Cont.)

Google Classroom Code: fhdbkxd

Note: Join using CUI-Lahore email ID
Office Hours: Email requests for appointment
Assessment: Not Clear
Outline
• This lecture covers:
• What computers are, how they work, and how they are used
• Computer terminology
• The basic types of computers in use today

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Computers in Daily Life
• Why learn about computers?
• Pervasive computing
• Also known as ubiquitous computing
• Computers have become an integral part of our lives
• Basic computer literacy
• Knowing about and understanding computers and their uses is an essential
skill today for everyone

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Computers in Your Life
• Before 1980
• Computers were large, expensive
• Very few people had access to them
• Computers were mostly used for high-volume processing tasks
• Microcomputers in the early 80s
• Inexpensive personal computers
• Computer use increased dramatically
• Today
• More than 80% of US households include a computer, and most use computers at work
• Electronic devices are converging into single units with multiple capabilities

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Computers in the Home
• Computers used for a variety of
tasks: • Smart appliances

• Traditional appliances with built-in

• Looking up information and news computer or communication technology
• Exchanging e-mail
• Smart homes
• Shopping and paying bills
• Watching TV and videos
• Household tasks are
• Downloading music and movies monitored and controlled
• Organizing digital photographs by a main computer in
the house
• Playing games
• Telecommuting
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Computers in Education
• Several students have access to computers either in a classroom or
a computer lab
• Colleges and universities are even more integrated
• Wireless hotspots allow usage of personal laptops to connect to the college
network
• Some colleges require a computer for enrollment
• Distance learning
• Students participate from locations other than the traditional classroom
setting using computers and Internet access

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Computers on the Job
• Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool for
decision-making, productivity, and communication
• Used by all types of employees
• Used for access control and other security
measures
• Use by service professionals is growing
• Used extensively by the military
• Employees in all lines of work need to continually refresh their computer
skills

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Computers on the Go
• Computers are encountered in nearly
every aspect of daily life
• Consumer kiosks
• ATM transactions
• POS systems at retail stores
• Self-checkout systems
• Portable computers or mobile devices
• M-commerce systems
• GPS systems

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What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?
• Computer: A programmable, electronic device that
accepts data, performs operations on that data, and
stores the data or results as needed
• Computers follow instructions, called programs, which
determine
the tasks the computer will perform
• Basic operations
• Input: Entering data into the computer
• Processing: Performing operations on the data
• Output: Presenting the results
• Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future
use
• Communications: Sending or receiving data

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Data vs. Information
• Data
• Raw, unorganized facts
• Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video
• Information
• Data that has been processed into a meaningful form
• Information processing
• Converting data into information

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Hardware
• Hardware: The physical parts of a
computer
• Internal hardware
• Located inside the main box (system unit)
of the computer
• External hardware
• Located outside the system unit
• Connect to the computer via a wired or
wireless connection
• There is hardware associated with all
five computer operations

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Software
Software: The programs or instructions
used to tell the computer hardware
what to do
• System software: Operating system
starts up the computer and controls its
operation
• Without OS computer cannot function
• Boots the computer and launches programs
at the user’s direction
• Application software: Performs specific
tasks or applications

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Computers to Fit Every Need
• Six basic categories of computers:
• Embedded computers
• Mobile devices
• Personal computers
• Midrange servers
• Mainframe computers
• Supercomputers

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Computers to Fit Every Need
• Embedded computer
• Embedded into a product and designed to perform specific tasks or
functions for that product
• Cannot be used as general-purpose computers
• Mobile device
• A very small device with some type of built-in computing or Internet
capability
• Typically based on mobile phones
• Personal computer
• A small computer designed to be used by one person at a time
• Also called a microcomputer

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Computers to Fit Every Need
• Notebook (laptop) computers
• Typically use clamshell design
• Tablet computers
• Can be slate tablets or convertible tablets
• Netbooks
• Small notebooks; rapidly growing type of PC
• Ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs)
• Handheld computers
• Midrange server
• A medium-sized computer used to host programs and data for a small network
• Users connect via a network with a computer, thin client, or dumb terminal

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Computers to Fit Every Need
• Mainframe computer
• Powerful computer used by several large organizations to manage large
amounts of centralized data
• Standard choice for large organizations, hospitals, universities, large
businesses, banks, government offices
• Also called high-end servers or enterprise-class servers
• Supercomputer
• Fastest, most expensive, most powerful type of computer
• Generally run one program at a time, as fast as possible
• Commonly built by connecting hundreds of smaller computers,
supercomputing cluster

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Quick Quiz
1. A tablet PC is an example of a(n) _____________.
a. Desktop computer
b. Portable PC
c. Internet appliance
2. True or False: The terms mainframe computer and supercomputer
are interchangeable; both refer to the largest, most powerful
computers.
3. A smartphone is an example of a(n) _____________.

Answers: 1) b; 2) False; 3) mobile device

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Summary
• Computers in Your Life
• What Is a Computer and What Does It Do
• Computers to Fit Every Need

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 Introduction to Computer
World
SP 2024
Application of Information and Communication Technologies
CSC-101

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Outline
• This lecture covers:
• An overview Internet
• Online Communication
• Societal impacts of computers
• An overview of the history of computers

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 What is Internet? and World Wide Web
• Internet: The largest and most well-known computer network in the
world
• Individuals connect to the Internet using an Internet service
provider (ISP)
• World Wide Web: One resource (a vast collection of Web pages)
available through the Internet
• Web sites contain Web pages stored on Web servers
• Web pages viewed using a Web browser (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Safari,
Firefox, Opera, etc.)
• A wide variety of information is available through the Web

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 Internet & WWW

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Web Surfing
• Web browser: Used to display Web pages
• Browser starting or home page: The first page displayed when the
browser is opened
• To navigate to a Web page, you can:
• Type a URL in the Address bar
• Click a hyperlink on a displayed Web page
• Select a Favorite/Bookmark or page from the History list

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Surfing the Web
• Uniform Resource Locators (URL’s)
• URL: Uniquely identifies a Web page
• Consists of:
• Protocol or standard being used
• Identification of the Web server
• Names of folders in which the Web page file is stored
• Web page’s filename
• Protocols:
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://) is typically used to display Web pages
(https:// is used for secure Web pages)

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Searching the Web
• Search site: Web page that helps
you find Web pages containing
the information you are seeking
• Typically search using
keywords
• Reference sites: Look up
addresses,
telephone numbers, ZIP codes,
maps, etc.

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Email
• Electronic mail (e-mail): electronic messages
exchanged between computers on a
network
• Can be conventional or Web-based
• Can contain photos, attached files, etc.
• E-mail addresses consist of:
• Username: A person’s identifying name for a
particular domain
• The @ symbol
• Domain name for the computer that will be
handling the person’s e-mail (mail server)
• Pronouncing Internet addresses

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Computers and Society
• The vast improvements in technology over the past decade have
had a distinct impact on daily life, both at home and at work
• Many benefits of a computer-oriented society:
• Ability to design products before construction leads to safer products
• Earlier medical diagnoses
• Devices that allow challenged people to perform job tasks
• Documents e-mailed or faxed in moments
• Download information, music, programs, movies, and more on demand

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Computer Oriented Society
• Benefits
• Faster pace of daily chores and tasks
• Online business and personal world
• Communication throughout the world
• Enhancing knowledge
• Job influences
• Entertainment
• Research

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Computer Oriented Society
• Risks and disadvantages
• Security and privacy issues
• Computer viruses and malware
• Identity theft and phishing
• Privacy issues
• Excessive use
• lack of human communication for face to face conversation and more communication
through the computer. This affects our society’s confidence for when they are in
in-personal conversation.
• Accessibility to abuse time

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Computers and Society
• Differences in online communications
• Less formal than traditional
• Netiquette
• Emoticons
• The anonymity factor
• Information Integrity
• Check your source, not all information on the Internet is accurate.

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Computers History
• First-generation computers (1946-1957)
• Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes
• Used a great deal of electricity, and generated a lot of heat
• ENIAC and UNIVAC
• Second-generation computers (1958-1963)
• Used transistors
• Computers were smaller, more powerful, cheaper, more energy-efficient,
and more reliable
• Punch cards and magnetic tape were used to input and store data

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Computers History
• Third-generation computers (1964-1970)
• Used integrated circuits (ICs)
• Keyboards and monitors introduced
• Fourth-generation computers (1971-present)
• Use microprocessors
• IBM PC, Apple Macintosh
• Use keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers
• Use magnetic disks, flash memory, and optical disks for storage
• Computer networks, wireless technologies, Internet introduced

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Computers History
• Fifth-generation (now and the future)
• Infancy stage
• No precise classification
• May be based on artificial intelligence (AI)
• Likely use voice and touch input
• May be based on optical computers and utilize nanotechnology

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Computers Generation

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HISTORY OF COMPUTING SOFTWARE
FIRST GENERATION (1951-1959) FOURTH GENERATION (1971-1989)
• Machine language (1 &0) • Structured programming (Pascal,
• Assembly language C/C++)
• Application software
• Spreadsheets, word processors,
DBMS
SECOND GENERATION
(1959-1965)
• High level languages
FIFTH GENERATION (1990-todate)
• Fortran, COBOL, LISP
• Microsoft products
• AI applications
• Object oriented design
THIRD GENERATION (1965-1971) • World wide web
• Operating systems • HTML
• System software • Cloud Computing
• Application package

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Quick Quiz
1. Index.html is an example of a(n) _____________.
a. URL
b. IP address
c. Web page filename
2. True or False: All information published to Web pages is accurate.
3. In the e-mail address [email protected], abc.com is the
_____________.

Answers: 1) c; 2) False; 3) domain name

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Summary
• Computer and the Internet
• Computers and Society
• Computer History

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