Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

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Materials Today: Proceedings

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Machining parameters optimization in laser beam machining for micro

elliptical profiles using TOPSIS method
V. Senthil Kannan a,⇑, K. lenin b, P. Navneethakrishnan c
a
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Paavai Engineering College, Pachal, Namakkal 637 018, Tamilnadu, India
b
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy 621112, Tamilnadu, India
c
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, BIT Campus, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: The material removed from the surface of the material in the laser beam machining is basically depends
Received 13 June 2019 on the parameters like laser power, cutting speed, pressure of the gas and pulse width. Among all the
Received in revised form 28 June 2019 parameters laser power and cutting speed plays vital role in the case of surface finish, shape and size
Accepted 30 June 2019
of the final machining condition. Here, an attempt was made to find the optimum parameters to make
Available online xxxx
the elliptical profile in the aluminium based composite material. For that, dimensions and mathematical
characters like area, perimeter were selected as the output responses. L9 orthogonal array with Taguchi
Keywords:
method was selected to conduct experiments and to study the effect parameters on the responses. For
Composite
Micro elliptical profile
utilizing the better parameters in future analysis for making micro elliptical profile on the aluminium
Area based composite, an ideal multi objective optimization method TOPSIS was utilized in this work.
Perimeter Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Taguchi Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Recent
TOPSIS Trends in Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Engineering Applications
Multi objective

1. Introduction The results shows that the optimum parameters for curved profile
is totally different from straight profiles.
Laser beam machining is one of the major unconventional Adalarasan et al. [4] were carried out an experiment to find the
machining process to get desired shape and size of the machining. optimum parameter for getting better kerf characteristics and they
From, Avanish Kumar Dubey and Vinod Yadava, ‘‘Laser beam used grey based response surface methodology for the same.
machining—A review”, International Journal of Machine Tools & To obtained the better quality, size and shape, it is essential to
Manufacture, vol. 48, 2008, pp.609–628 [1] laser beam machining optimize the parameters with various responses. In that situation
is focused for melting, vaporising to remove material to get desired it is not advisable to consider the single objective optimization
shape. It is also suitable for making miniature holes in sheet metal, method for optimize the parameter. So, multi objective optimiza-
precision machining of micro parts and machining of complex tion technique has turned increasing and important one. Shivade
shapes. and Shinde 2014 used Taguchi method Gray Relational Analysis.
The desired shape and size of the miniature and micro holes Kumar A., Soota T., Kumar J. Optimize wire-cut EDM process
were entirely depends on the suitable machining parameter. Thus, parameter by Grey-based response surface methodology and
the process performance can be controlled by the proper selection Kumar et al. (2015) applied desirability function for finding out
of the machining parameter. Kuar et al. [2] was conducted the the optimal process parameter values. Nearly in 2017 Shivakoti
machining the micro drilling on the Zirconium oxide to identify et al. recommended the TOPSIS method with fuzzy logic multi
the performance of the CNC pulsed Nd:YAG laser. For obtaining objective technique to examine the process parameter for high
the small HAZ thickness and taper in the micro drilling optimum strength micro marking on gallium nitride (GaN).
setting parameters such as pulse frequency and pulse width, gas Biswas et al. (2015) and Zhang et al. (2015) conduct the exper-
assisted pressure were identified Sharma et al. [3] carried out an iment and analysis the parameters in micro turning, micro milling
experiment by Nd:YAG laser cutting of nickel based super alloy was done by Darwish et al. (2017) and micro marking in LBM by
thin sheet to find the parametric optimization of Kerf characters. Shivakoti et al. (2017). It is clearly known that, from previous stud-
ies most of the researchers were made the investigation and anal-
⇑ Corresponding author. ysis in the micro drilling, micro milling and micro turning.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.747
2214-7853/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Recent Trends in Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Engineering
Applications

Please cite this article as: V. Senthil Kannan, K. lenin and P. Navneethakrishnan, Machining parameters optimization in laser beam machining for micro
elliptical profiles using TOPSIS method, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.747
2 V. Senthil Kannan et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Very limited work was carried out in the field of micro profiling Table 2
by laser beam machining. For analyze the shape and size of the Process parameter consider for LBM and their levels.

micro profiling characteristics elliptical type profiling was made Level Laser power P kW Scanning speed V mm/s
on the aluminium composite material. The major axis length, 1 1 50
minor axis length and ferret angle of that elliptical profile are the 2 2 100
responsible for the dimensional accuracy and also the ferret angle 3 3 150
is the factor that associated with the orientation (quality) of the
profile. However, for obtaining quality and quantitatively good
profile (ellipse) appropriate and correct combination of parameters Table 3
were essential, but it is not possible by making adjustments in the Experimental run order designed by Minitab 14 software (L9 array).
parameter combination manually to get the dimensional (quanti- Sl. No. Laser power kW Scanning speed mm/s
tative) accuracy and quality profile. 1 1 50
Still there is no systematic study was not carried out in micro 2 1 100
profiling especially elliptical shape, in this work an attempt was 3 1 150
done to made elliptical profile on the aluminium based composites 4 2 50
5 2 100
and to obtain suitable input parameter for better quantitative
6 2 150
(area, perimeter) multi objective optimization TOPSIS method 7 3 50
was consider. 8 3 100
9 3 150

2. Experimental work

2.1. Base material

Aluminium composite plate with base alloy Al7475 and silicon

carbide particles reinforced of size 45 mm
45 mm with 10 mm
thickness was considered as a base material. The Nd-YAG laser
beam was used in laser beam machining for making the profile Fig 1. Dimensions of the elliptical profile to be machined.
in the composite material. The Table 1 shows the chemical compo-
sition of the composite material used in the present work.

2.2. Process parameter and their levels For obtaining suitable machining parameter for the better
dimensional stability results three trails (3 profiles) were made
From the literature review it was found that most of the analy- for the each run order which is shown in Table 3. The surface of
sis was carried out on the basis of laser power and scanning speed the composite material after the machining was shown in Fig. 2.
was predominantly considered as the input parameters, in this
experiment the same parameters were considered as the input
parameter. Also, the quantitative and quality of the micro profile 3. Experimental results and optimization of the parameter
in LBM was mostly depend on the above parameters.
Hence, in this analysis laser power and the scanning speed are 3.1. Method of measuring dimensions of the profile
considered as the predominant process parameters. Three levels
from each parameter were taken for conducting the experiments. The dimensions of the profile i.e. Major length, Minor axis
The Tables 2 and 3 gives combination of process parameter with length and the ferret angle were measured by using SEM image
their three levels which are designed by the Minitab 14 software and image j software. The SEM image of the elliptical profile for
by Taguchi method. the experimental run order 5 and the major axis length and minor
axis length measurements was shown in the Fig. 3.
By using the major axis length and minor axis length the area
2.3. Selection of micro profiles
and the perimeter was calculated. The corresponding standard
mathematical relations for area and perimeter were given in
In this paper elliptical micro profile was highly concentrated in
Table 5.
aluminium composite, because elliptical profile with same area as
Table 6 shows the calculated values of area and perimeter of the
that of circular profile has less stress concentration with the same
machined elliptical profile by using the standard mathematical
load. Aluminium composites are widely utilized in the automotive
relations shown in the Table 5.
and aircraft parts which are highly subjected to heavy load due to
fluctuating loads. Due to that heavy loads circular profile areas
affected by high stress concentration. 3.2. Optimization method (TOPSIS)
Following size of micro elliptical was machined on the material
for optimizing the process parameters (Fig. 1). Topsis method was identified the closeness coefficient value of
Where, 2a = length of major axis; 2b = length of minor axis and multi-objective problem by using positive ideal and negative ideal
the dimensions carried for machining in micron meter. solution. The positive and negative ideal solution is a hypothetical

Table 1
Chemical composition of Aluminium 7475.

Elements Al Mg Si Cr Zn Fe Cu
% of composition 88.5–91.5 1.9–2.6 0.1 max 0.18–0.25 0.12 5.2–6.2 1.2–1.9

Please cite this article as: V. Senthil Kannan, K. lenin and P. Navneethakrishnan, Machining parameters optimization in laser beam machining for micro
elliptical profiles using TOPSIS method, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.747
 V. Senthil Kannan et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx 3

Step 1: The normalization values of the each response are mul-

tiplied by the corresponding Weight value and obtain the
weighted normalized value Vij by,

Vij ¼ rij
Wj ð1Þ

Step 2: The positive ideal solution (V+) for the best possible
value and negative ideal (V) solution for the worst value for
each response from the weighted normalized value by,

Vþ ¼ ðV1þ; v2 þ . . . VnþÞ Maximum values ð2Þ

Fig 2. Machined composite material. V ¼ ðV1; v2  . . . VnÞ Minimum values ð3Þ

Step 3: The positive ideal solution (Si+) and negative ideal solu-
tion (Si) i.e., separation calculated by,
vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
uX
u n
Siþ ¼ t
2
ðVij  VþÞ ð4Þ
j¼1

vffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
uX
u n
Si ¼ t
2
ðVij  VÞ ð5Þ
j¼1

Fig 3. SEM image and dimensional measurement. Step 4: The closeness co-efficient (Cco) was determined by the
relation

Table 4
Si
Closeness coefficient from TOPSIS. Cco ¼ ð6Þ
ðSi þ SiÞ
SL. No. Power kW Scanning speed mm/s Grade
1 1 50 0.569
2 1 100 0.740
3 1 150 0.450 Step 5: finally the result was found that the values correspond-
4 2 50 0.502
ing to the maximum closeness co-efficient.
5 2 100 0.676
6 2 150 0.751
7 3 50 0.930 From the Table 4 it was observed that the maximum closeness
8 3 100 0.904 coefficient value is 0.930 which is for the parameter power 3 kW
9 3 150 0.700 and the scanning speed 50 mm/s. Therefore to achieve the better
size and shape of the elliptical profile in the aluminium composite
by LBM was 3 kW power with the combination of 50 mm/s scan-
ning speed.
solution for which all the experimental results were within For, find out reliability of the above result a conformation test
maximum and minimum limits. It gives the solution which is close was conducted on the same material with the LBM machine.
to the hypothetical maximum result and also away from the The Table 7 shows the conformation test result and it justify that
hypothetical minimum results. The Topsis procedure is as follows. the TOPSIS method was the suitable optimization method to

Table 5
Standard formulas and ideal values for the micro elliptical profile.

Sl.No Shape name & description Standard formulas Idle values

Area Perimeter Area mm2 Perimeter mm
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
1.. Ellipse 2a = major axis; 2b = minor axis A = (Pxaxb) P ¼ 4 a2 þ b
2 282,600 2125

Please cite this article as: V. Senthil Kannan, K. lenin and P. Navneethakrishnan, Machining parameters optimization in laser beam machining for micro
elliptical profiles using TOPSIS method, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.747
4 V. Senthil Kannan et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Table 6
Calculated values of area and perimeter.

SL. No. Power kW Scanning speed mm/s Area mm2 Perimeter mm

1 1 50 174548.722 2312.091
2 1 100 148666.081 2185.648
3 1 150 210677.727 2537.529
4 2 50 174828.785 2379.852
5 2 100 156732.352 2174.167
6 2 150 150856.287 2201.660
7 3 50 129689.097 2091.645
8 3 100 140053.338 2152.295
9 3 150 138984.241 2025.578

Table 7
Conformation test results.

Power kW Scanning speed mm/s Cco from result Cco from conformation test % of error
3 50 0.930 0.927 0.32

determine the suitable parameter to get the better results in LBM [4] Amit Sharma, Vinod Yadava, Raghavendra Rao, Optimization of kerf quality
characteristics during Nd:YAG laser cutting of nickel based super alloy sheet for
machine with aluminium composite material.
straight and curved cut profiles, Opt. Lasers Eng. 48 (2010) 915–925.

4. Conclusion
Further reading

From the above set of observations and results it was concluded [5] Ranjib Biswas, Manik Chandra Das, Suvanjan Bhattacharyya, Arunanshu S. Kuar,
that, Laser Beam machining is suitable machining process for the Souren Mitrae, Selection of Nd:YAG laser beam micro-drilling parameters using
micro elliptical profile in aluminium composite material. The multi-criteria decision making methods, Opt. Laser Technol. 119 (2019) 105596.
[6] K. Parthiban, R. Muthukannan, Duraiselvam Manivannan, TOPSIS based
obtained nearest dimensions with our designed dimensions of parametric optimization of laser micro-drilling of TBC coated nickel based
the shape the input parameters i.e., power and scanning speed super alloy, Opt. Laser Technol. 102 (2018) 32–39.
are 3 kW and 50 mm/s. To achieve the better profile shape in Laser [7] Anurag Khajanchee, Shared K. Pradhan, Comparison and identification of
suitable multi-response optimization technique for laser welding process
Beam Machining the above said parameters may be utilised in parameters, Mater. Today Proc. 5 (5, Part 2) (2018) 12197–12208.
future works. Among several optimization method TOPSIS method [8] I. Shivakoti, P.P Das, G. Kibria, B.B. Pradhan, Z. Mustafa and R.K. Ghadai. Multi
can be used to determine the suitable parameter to get the better Response Optimization of Laser Micro Marking Process: A Grey- Fuzzy
Approach, Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 217.
responses.
[9] Yu Tianbiao, Yu Zhao, Jiayu Sun, Ying Chen, Qu Wanrui, Process parameters
optimization and mechanical properties of forming parts by
direct laser fabrication of YCF101 alloy, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 262 (2018)
References 75–84.
[10] Anil R. Kumar, Tarun Soota, J. Darshan Kumar. Optimisation of wire-cut EDM
[1] Avanish Kumar Dubey, Vinod Yadava, Laser beam machining—a review, Int. J. process parameter by Grey-based response surface methodology.
Mach. Tools Manuf. 48 (2008) 609–628. [11] Seyed Mustafa Mirhedayatian, Seyed Ebrahim Vahdat, Mostafa Jafarian
[2] A.S. Kuar, B. Doloi, B. Bhattacharyya, Modelling and analysis of pulsed Nd: YAG Jelodar, Reza Farzipoor Saen, Welding process selection for repairing nodular
laser machining characteristics during micro drilling of zirconia (ZrO2), Int. J. cast iron engine block by integrated fuzzy data envelopment analysis
Mach. Tools Manuf. 46 (2006) 1301–1310. and TOPSIS approaches, Mater. Des. 43 (2013) 272–282.
[3] R. Adalarasan, M. Santhanakumar, M. Rajmohan, Measurement 73 (2015) 596– [12] Shivade and Shinde. Multi-objective optimization in WEDM of D3 tool steel
606. using integrated approach of Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis.

Please cite this article as: V. Senthil Kannan, K. lenin and P. Navneethakrishnan, Machining parameters optimization in laser beam machining for micro
elliptical profiles using TOPSIS method, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.747