1.6 Exponential-Functions-A-Modeling-in-Perspective
1.6 Exponential-Functions-A-Modeling-in-Perspective
1.6 Exponential-Functions-A-Modeling-in-Perspective
A Modeling in Perspective
Learner's Module in General Mathematics
Quarter 1 ● Module 6 ● Week 6
JOPIE B. FERRER
Developer
Published by:
DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System
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2020
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What I Need to Know
Hello learner! This module was designed and written with you in mind.
Primarily, its scope is to (1) represent real-life situations using exponential functions;
(2) distinguish between exponential function, exponential equation, and exponential
inequality; (3) solve exponential equations and inequalities; and (4) represent an
exponential function through its table of values, graph, and equation.
Now, here is an outline of the different parts of your learning module. The
descriptions will guide you on what to expect on each part of the module.
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What I Know
If you answer all the test items correctly in this pretest, then you may skip
studying this learning material and proceed to the next learning module.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your choice in
CAPITAL LETTERS on the space provided. (15 points)
A. B. C. ( ) D. ( ) ( )
_____ 3. What must be the common base to solve the value of in the equation
?
A. B. C. D.
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For items – : Use the given function ( ) .
_____ 9. What is ( )?
A. B. C. D.
A. B. C. √ D. √
_____ 13. If the base is between and and you are solving an exponential
inequality, what should you do with direction of the inequality symbol?
A. retain B. reverse C. change to D. change to
_____ 14. To solve for in the equation , what should be the common
base?
A. B. C. D.
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What’s In
Let us first review the Laws of Exponents. This will be very essential in
understanding the new lesson.
Let and be positive numbers, and and are any real numbers, then:
1. Product of Power/ Product Law
Example:
2. Quotient of Power
Example:
( )
Example: ( )
( )
Example: ( )
Examples: ,( )
Example:
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Now that we already recalled the laws of exponents, it is time for a mathematical
investigation.
What’s New
Activity: Paper-folding
Complete the table of values with the help of a piece of paper. The number of
folds corresponds to the number of parts. If you start with a piece of paper, the
number of folds is 0 and the number of parts is 1. If you fold it once, it will give us two
parts divided evenly. After completing the table of values, answer the follow-up
questions.
Number of Folds ( )
Number of Parts ( )
Investigate:
(a) What pattern can be observed from the activity?
(b) Define a formula for the number of parts ( ) as a function of the number of folds
( )
What’s In It
Your task above has something to do with our new lesson. I hope that you were able
to discover or observe a mathematical idea from your task.
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UNDERSTANDING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Definition: An exponential function with base is a function of the form ( ) or
, where . This means that the base should be greater than and
should not be equal to .
Example: The given table below shows how to evaluate exponential functions. Just
remember in our previous lesson on evaluating functions that we simply substitute
the given value of and simplify. The -values are .
Exponential 𝒙
Function
( )
Let us now learn how modeling exponential functions is done. It is just simply
representing the situation with an exponential function.
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A. Modeling Exponential Growth
When a real-life quantity increases by a fixed percent each year (or other time
period), the amount of the quantity after years can be modeled by this equation,
( )
In this model, is the initial amount and is the percent increase expressed as a
decimal. The quantity is called the growth factor.
Solution:
(a) The initial amount is (in millions) and the percent increase is
(in decimal). So, the exponential growth model is:
( ) Write exponential growth model.
( ) Substitute for and
( ) Simplify.
(b) Using the exponential model above, you can estimate the number of hosts in
. Since it started in , the time is . From to , the time
is .
( ) Write exponential model.
( ) Substitute for .
Simplify.
Time ( )
in years (in ) (in ) (in ) (in ) (in )
Number of
hosts ( )
in millions
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The figure on the left shows the graph
of the exponential function
𝒉 𝟎 𝟒𝟐𝟓𝟖𝟏𝟐 (𝟐)𝒕 . The points are
based on the table of values.
(b) Using the exponential model above and with interest compounded annually,
the balance at the end of year is:
( ) Write exponential model.
( ) Substitute for .
Simplify.
(c) Graph of the problem with its table of values. (Rounded to the nearest
hundredths)
Time ( )
in years
Amount ( )
in pesos
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The figure on the left shows the
graph of the exponential function
𝑨 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 (𝟏 𝟎𝟖)𝒕 . The points are
based on the table of values.
Solution:
(a) Since the model is for year where , then if we go back to year ,
the time ( ) will be . (Note: There is no negative time. The negative symbol
merely pertains to the past years before year ).
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B. Modeling Exponential Decay
When a real-life quantity decreases by a fixed percent each year (or other time
period), the amount of the quantity after years can be modeled by the equation,
( )
In this model, is the initial amount and s the percent decrease expressed as a
decimal. The quantity is called the decay factor.
(a) Write an exponential decay model for the value of the car.
(b) Use the model to estimate the value after years.
(c) Graph the model and show some function values.
Solution:
(a) The initial value is (in pesos) and the percent decrease is
(in decimal). Let be the number of years since you bought the car.
So, the exponential decay model is:
( ) Write exponential decay model.
( ) Substitute for and .
( ) Simplify.
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Example 2: Beverages. You drink a beverage with milligrams of caffeine. Each
hour , the amount of caffeine in your system decreases by about .
(a) Write an exponential decay model for the amount of caffeine (in milligrams) in
your system.
(b) Use the model to estimate the amount of caffeine (in milligrams) after hours.
(c) Graph the model and show some function values.
Solution:
(a) The initial amount is (in milligrams) and the percent decrease is
(in decimal). Let be the number of hours. The exponential decay
model is:
( ) Write exponential decay model.
( ) Substitute for and .
( ) Simplify.
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C. The Number
Solution:
(a) In , where , the model gives:
Write exponential model.
( ) ( )
Substitute for and .
( ) Simplify exponent.
( ) Any nonzero number raised to is .
Simplify.
So, there were about (rounded up) endangered species in the Philippines
in year .
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(b) Graph of the function with some function values.
Number of Endangered
Time ( ) in
years Species ( )
Rounded up
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Alternate Solution:
Write original equation.
( ) Rewrite each expression with base .
( )
Apply Power Law on the first exponential expression.
( ) Apply one-to one property. Since the base is the same, equate exponents.
Distribute to .
Add both sides by or by transposition.
Simplify.
( ) ( ) Apply Negative Exponent Law. Get the reciprocal of the base and change the
sign of the exponent.
Apply one-to one property. Since the base is the same, equate exponents.
Subtract both sides by or by transposition.
Simplify.
( ) Substitute .
( ) Simplify exponents.
( ) Apply Negative Exponent Law. Get the reciprocal of the base and change the
sign of the exponent.
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(b) If , then the exponential function is decreasing for all . This
means that if and only if .
In other words, if the base is greater than , the graph is increasing. In solving
exponential inequalities, just retain the direction of the inequality symbol. If the
base is between and , the graph is decreasing. In solving exponential
inequalities, change the direction of the inequality symbol.
Thus, the solution set is ( ) or . This means that the solutions for this
exponential inequality are those real numbers greater than .
( ) ( ) Simplify exponents.
The solution set is [ ) or . This means that the solutions for this exponential
inequality are those real numbers equal to and above.
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What’s More
Activity 1: Firm Up
Determine whether the given is an exponential function, exponential equation,
exponential inequality or none of these. Write EF for exponential function, EE for
exponential equation, EI for exponential inequality, and NOT for none of these on the
space provided for.
_____ 1. ( ) _____ 6.
_____ 2. ( ) _____ 7
_____ 3. _____ 8.
_____ 4. ( ) _____ 9. ( )
_____ 5. _____ 10.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. ( ) 6.
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What I Have Learned
Activity: 2 Thumbs Up - 1 Thumbs Down
Write 2 things that you have learned and 1 thing that you find difficult from the
lesson. Limit your answers in 1-2 sentences for each.
What I Can Do
Activity: Writing Models
Let’s see what you can do. Show your mathematical maturity through
modeling real-life problems. Be guided with the discussion of this module. Show your
solution.
https://rappler.com/business/bangko-sentral-pilipinas-to-sell-
commemorative-coins
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2. ANTIQUES. You purchase an antique table for . Each year , the
value of the table increases by .
Solve here:
https://mearto.com/antique-furniture/tables
3. LAND VALUE. You have inherited land that was purchased for in
. The value of the land increased by approximately per year .
Solve here:
https://negrosoriental.locanto.ph/ID_4289563816/SMALL-LOT-FOR-SALE-IN-
DUMAGUETE-CITY-ID-14660.html
https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/one-arthritis-drug-won-t-hurt-
you-more-others-n683561
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2. STEREO SYSTEM. You buy a stereo system for . Each year , the
value of the stereo system decreases by .
Solve here:
https://www.uihere.com/free-graphics/stereo-system-hi-fi-vector-image-ai-
eps-file-126217
https://theconversation.com/your-lungs-are-really-amazing-an-anatomy-
professor-explains-why-106669
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Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your choice in
CAPITAL LETTERS on the space provided. (15 points)
A. B. C. ( ) D. ( ) ( )
_____ 3. What must be the common base to solve the value of in the equation
?
A. B. C. D.
_____ 6. What is ( )?
A. B. C. D.
_____ 7. What is ( )?
A. B. C. D.
_____ 8. What is ( )?
A. B. C. D.
_____ 9. Evaluate at ( ).
A. B. √ C. D. √
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_____ 10. If the base is greater than and you are solving an exponential inequality,
what should you do with direction of the inequality symbol?
A. retain B. reverse C. change to D. change to
_____ 11. To solve for in the equation , what should be the common
base?
A. B. C. D.
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Additional Activity
Juan Pedro
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Answer:
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WHAT I KNOW WHAT’S NEW WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
1. A Answers may vary
2. C (a) Answers may vary
3. C (b) 𝑦 𝑥
4. D WHAT I CAN DO
5. B
6. C WHAT’S MORE A.
7. C 1. 𝑉 ( )𝑡
8. B Activity 1: Activity 2:
2. 𝑉 ( )𝑡
9. C
10. B 1. NOT 1. 𝑥 3. 𝑉 ( )𝑡
11. B 2. EF 2. 𝑥 𝑥
12. C 3. EF 3. 𝑥
13. B 4. EE B.
4. 𝑥
14. A 5. EI 1. 𝑖 ( )
5. 𝑥
15. D 6. NOT 6. 𝑥 2. 𝑉 ( )𝑡
7. EE
8. EI 3. 𝐴 ( )𝑏
9. NOT
10. EF
ASSESSMENT ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
1. C 9. B Pedro is correct in the presentation of his
2. A 10. A solution. He reversed the direction of the
3. C 11. B inequality symbol because the base is
4. C 12. C which is between and .
5. C 13. C
6. A 14. C
7. B 15. A
8. D
ANSWER KEY
REFERENCES
Barcelona, Alvin B., John Llenord C. Villanueva, Tersita M. Anastacio, Rene R.
Belecina, and Enrique F. Coralejo, 2016. General Mathematics. Quezon City:
Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc.
Central Intelligence Agency. The World factbook. Accessed September 10, 2020.
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/rankorder/2184rank.html
Locanto. Small Lot for Sale in Dumaguete City (ID 14660), Dumaguete. Accessed
September 21, 2020.
https://negrosoriental.locanto.ph/ID_4289563816/SMALL-LOT-FOR-SALE-
IN-DUMAGUETE-CITY-ID-14660.html
NBC News. One Arthritis Drug Won't Hurt You More than the Others. Accessed
September 19, 2020. https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/one-
arthritis-drug-won-t-hurt-you-more-others-n683561
25
Top 50 Critically Endangered Animals in the Philippines According to IUCN Red List.
Accessed September 19, 2020. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/bicol-
university/civil-engineering/lecture-notes/top-50-critically-endangered-animals-
in-the-philippines-according-t-iucn-red-list/4294440/view
Ul Here. Stereo System Hi-fi Vector Image ai, Eps File. Accessed September 19,
2020. https://www.uihere.com/free-graphics/stereo-system-hi-fi-vector-image-
ai-eps-file-126217
Verzosa, Debbie Marie B., Leo Andrei A. Crisologo, Lester C. Hao, eden delight P.
Miro, Shirlee R. Ocampo, Emellie G. Palomo, Regina M. Tresvalles, 2016.
Teaching Guide for Senior High School – General Mathematics. Quezon City:
Commission on Higher Education.
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Baguio City
No. 82 Military Cut-off Road, Baguio City
Telefax: 422-4326 / 422-7819
Email Address: [email protected]
Social Media: facebook.com/DepEdTayoBaguioCity
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