Grade 5

Topical Review Answer Key

Chapter 1 to 12
 Chapter 1
1. A

2. D

3. B

4. C

5.
a)

Process X
Seeds

Adult plant Young plant

b) Germination
c) No, I do not agree with her. Light is not required for germination to occur.
[A1] The environment was too cold for the seeds to germinate. [A1]
d) Water and the right temperature.
6. a)
1 2
Pollen Stigma

3
Anther
4

5 Style
Filament

6
Ovary

7 8
Sepal Petal

b) Stamen. The stamen is the male reproductive organ of the flower.

c) Carpel. The carpel is the female reproductive organ of the flower.
d) This helps to attract insects and small animals to the flower.

7.
a) (i) X, Y
(ii) pollination [A1]
b) After pollination, the pollen grain develops a pollen tube that grows into the
ovary. [A1] Fertilisation takes place in the ovary, where the ovary develops
into a fruit while the egg develops into a seed. [A1]
c) Plants are generally green because they have green-coloured substances
known as chlorophyll [A1] to help them absorb light energy from the Sun to
make food.
 Chapter 2
1. B

2. C

3. D

4. B

5.

Method of seed
Characteristics of fruits/seeds
dispersal

• Seeds are small and light.

By wind • Seeds may have wing -like structures or hair to help them
stay afloat in the air longer.

• Fruits have waterproof outer covering.

By water
• Fruits have fibrous husks that trap air to help them float.

• Fruits have pods which become dry and crack unevenly.

By splitting When ripe, the pod splits to throw the seeds out with a
force.

• Seeds may be found in fruits that are fleshy and edible.

By animals • Seeds may have hooks, spines or stiff hairs that can attach
themselves to the fur of passing mammals.
6.
a) The plant is getting pollinated by the bee. [A1] The pollen grains of the
flowers may get stuck on the bee’s body for it to carry to the next flower and
deposit. [A1]
b) The flower has bright coloured petals / pleasant smells/ sweet nectar to
attract the bee to the flowers. (Any 2) [A2]

7.
a) sunlight
b) It helps the plant reach out a wider area to get more water.
c) They help the plant get more sunlight [A1] which is needed for plants to
make food/ photosynthesis [A1]. Plants carry out photosynthesis to make
food to live and grow.

8.
a) Wind pollination
b) The pollen grains are tiny and light to be carried away by the wind easily.
[A1]
c) The stamens are long and extend out of the flower. This exposes the
stamens to the wind and allows pollen grains to be carried away by the wind
easily. [A1]
The stigma is large and feathery. This allows the stigma to catch the pollen
grains in the air easily. [A1]
 Chapter 3
1. B

2. C

3. C

4. A

5. C

6.
a) Nitrogen and hydrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide

7.
a) W
b) Water: Y
Glass: X
c) W
d) Gas
8.
a) [A3]
Solid Liquid Gas

Particle model

Arrangement Very closely

Closely packed Very far apart
of particles packed

Move very
Move around
quickly and
Movement of Vibrate at fixed or slide past one
randomly in
particles positions another
all directions

b)
Solids have a fixed shape while liquid does not have a fixed shape. [A1]
Particles in solids only can vibrate about their fixed position while particles in
liquids can slide past one another. [A1] So, solids cannot flow like liquids and
have a fixed shape.

c)
1. Gases have no fixed volume and can be compressed. Particles in gases are
very far apart with lots of spaces. So, gases can be compressed. [A1]
2. Gases have no fixed shape and take up the shape of a container. Particles in
gases move very quickly and randomly in all directions. So, gases flow and
take up the shape of the container. [A1]
 Chapter 4
1. B

2. B

3. C

4.
a) Solid, liquid and gas
b) Solid state: ice, Liquid state: water / liquid water, Gas state: water vapour

5.
a) Both processes occur at 0°C. [A1]

b) Melting. [A1] Solid particles gain heat. They have more

energy and vibrate faster about their fixed positions. When the particles gain
enough energy, they move around and slide past one another to become
liquid. [A1]

c) Process D. [A1]
Liquid particles gain heat. They have more energy, and move faster and
further apart. When the particles gain enough energy, they move quickly and
freely in all directions, becoming a gas. [A1]

6.
a) Evaporation [A1]

b) Liquid particles on the surface of water move faster as they have more
energy [A1]. When they have enough energy, they move further apart and
escape from the surface to become gas particles. [A1]

c) Shorter [A1]

d) In a very dry environment, it is less humid, there is less water

vapour in the air. The air has space to hold more water vapour. [A1] Water in
the wet towel can evaporate quickly. So, the wet towel can dry faster.
7.
a) [A1]

b) Evaporation occurred, causing the water level to fall. [A1]

Extra information: When a cup of water is left exposed to the air, the liquid
particles at the water surface gain heat from the surroundings. The particles gain
more energy, and move faster and further apart. When the particles have
enough energy, they move quickly and freely in all directions, and escape from
the water surface.

c) Can A [A1]

d) Condensation can be observed on the surface of the can. [A1] When the
water vapour in the air touches the cool surface of the can, it cools. Gas
particles in the water vapour lose energy. They begin to move slower and
closer to one another. When the particles lose enough energy, the water
vapour condenses and changes into liquid, forming water on the can. [A1]
 Chapter 5
1. B

2. A

3. Homogenous solution, Insoluble solute in water, Saturated solution

4.
Statement T/F
When a solid dissolves in a liquid, the resulting mixture is known
T
as a solution.
When a solid is added to a liquid and the liquid changes colour, it
T
means that the solid is soluble.
It is impossible to change the rate at which a solid dissolves in a
F
liquid.
Heating a solution can help the solid dissolve faster.
T

When no more solid can dissolve in a liquid, the liquid is not

F
saturated.
Dissolving is a reversible process. We are able to get back the
T
solute that was dissolved in a solvent.

5.
a) Solute: sugar, Solvent: coffee/ water [A1]

b) Stirring helps to break up any big lumps of sugar into finer grains. [A1] This
increases the surface area [A1] of the sugar exposed to coffee. It also helps to
spread the sugar evenly throughout the coffee.

c) The coffee powder will not dissolve in the water. The coffee solution will
reach a stage where no more solid (coffee powder) can dissolve. The solution
has become saturated. [A1]
d) The coffee powder will not dissolve well or will dissolve very slowly in the
cold water. [A1]

6. a) Saturated solution [A1]

b) Amount of water used in each cup. To ensure a fair test. [A1]

c) As the temperature of water increases, the number of teaspoons of salt that

can dissolve in the water also increases. [A1]

d) She is trying to break up any big lumps of salt into finer grains. This
increases the surface area of the salt exposed to water and dissolves the salt
faster. [A1]

e) She can boil the water. The water in the solution can evaporate [A1] and
become water vapour. The salt in the solution does not evaporate and is left
behind in the cup.

f) Salt is observed at the bottom of the cups. [A1] As the cups are left on the
table, the temperature of the water in the cups decreases. Thus, less solute
can dissolve in the same amount of solvent, hence salt residue can be
observed. [A1]
(Do not accept answers which use evaporation of water as the reason, as the
cups have been capped.)
 Chapter 6
1. B

2. A

3.
a) gravity
b) friction
c) normal force
d) water resistance

4.
a) Gravity is a pulling force exerted by the Earth on all objects.

b)
5.
a)

b) The parachute has a large surface area [A1], so it collides with more air
particles and experiences a great amount of air resistance. [A1] This slows
down the fall and allows the parachutist to land safely.

c) The ground exerts a normal force [A1] on the skydiver in the opposite
direction of gravity. The forces acting on the object are equal and balanced.
So, he does not continue falling into the ground.
6.
a)

b) The amount of friction would be greater. [A1] Grass is a rougher surface.

The rougher the surface, the greater the amount of friction experienced by the
skier. [A1]

7.
a)

b) The amount of upthrust acting on the kayak is the same as gravity, so the
upward and downward forces acting on the kayak are balanced. So, the kayak
is able to float on the surface of the water.
 Chapter 7
1. D

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. D

6. D, B, A, C

7.
a) [A1]
Type of liquid Size of the magnets

Type of magnets Thickness of the beaker walls

b) Magnet Y. It attracted the most paper clips. [A1]

c) Magnet Z is a temporary magnet. It lost its magnetic properties when

dropped on a hard surface [A1] as the groups of particles in it are no longer
aligned to face the same direction. [A1]

d) He can stroke magnet Z many times continuously in the same direction

along its length using a magnet. [A1]
8.
a) He can conclude that the greater the height of the magnet from paper clips,
the less the number of paper clips attracted. [A1]

b) I agree with her. When the paper clip is near a magnet, the groups of
particles in the paper clip become aligned and face the same direction. [A1]
The paper clip becomes a temporary magnet. [A1]

c) [A1]

d) Yes. The magnetic field of a magnet can pass through the sheet of paper.
[A1] The force of attraction [A1] exerted by the magnet can still pull the paper
clips towards it with the paper placed between them.
9.
a) Object P: Magnetic material, Object Q: Non-magnetic material

b)

c)
 Chapter 8
1. C

2. B

3. B

4.
a) Proteins
b) Meat/tofu (any type of proteins)

5.

6.
a)
A: Mouth B: Esophagus
C: Stomach D: Small intestine
E: Large intestine F: Rectum
Award 2 marks for all 6 parts labelled correctly.
Award 1 mark for at least 4 parts labelled correctly.
Award 0 marks otherwise.

b) The stomach produces digestive juices which helps to break down food
[A1]. The digestive juices also help to kill germs present in food. The stomach
muscles contract and relax to churn food, mixing it with the digestive juices
and breaking food into much smaller pieces. [A1]
c) The small intestine produces and releases digestive juices to break down
food further [A1]. The muscles in the small intestine contract and relax to mix
the food with the digestive juices. The muscles also help to push the food into
the large intestine. In the small intestine, most of the nutrients from food are
absorbed into the blood [A1].

d) The large intestine absorbs the remaining water and mineral salts left in the
undigested food [A1]. The muscles contract and relax to move undigested
food along the large intestine into the rectum. [A1]

7.
a) 35g
b) 11g
c) Vera will be at risk of developing diabetes.
d) Heart diseases/Nerve disorder
 Chapter 9
1. A

2. D

3.
a) Camel. Desert.

b) Camels have humps.

c) They store most of their fats in their humps. As fats trap heat, this
adaptation prevents the rest of the camel's body from absorbing and retaining
too much heat. This helps the camel cope with the extreme heat.

4.
a) Help the fennec fox to remove excess heat from its body on a hot day.

b) Help the chameleon to camouflage/ blend in with its surroundings and hide
from its predators.

c) Help the tiger to tear the meat of its prey to eat and survive.

d) Help the lion to detect its prey from far away, for it to hunt its prey.

e) Allow the horse to run fast over long periods of time.

5.
a) Turtles can hide in their shells when they sense danger. The shells are
usually hard. This makes it difficult for predators to eat the turtle.

b) White fur to camouflage to blend into their surroundings. This makes it

difficult for their predators to spot them.
Accept: Has furry feet to prevent it from slipping on the ice when running
away from its predator.

c) Fishes travel in a large group to make themselves look like a big fish. This
helps to scare predators such as birds away.
d) Hedgehog is covered with spikes called quills which can be used to stab its
predators to frighten them away.

6.
a)

Predator

Prey

b) 1. The predator has sharp claws to grip onto their prey.

2. The predator has eyes at the front of their heads, allowing it to
spot its prey easily and judge its distance to the prey accurately so that it can
catch its prey.
3. The predator has long, straight and sharp beaks to help them to spear fish in
the water.

c) 1. The fish has gills to help it breathe and take in oxygen underwater.
2. The fish has a streamlined body, allowing it to experience less
water resistance, allowing it to move faster in water.
Accept: The fish has fins, flippers and tails to help it balance and move in a
straight line in the water.
 Chapter 10
1. C

2. B

3. C

4. C

5.
a) When air is blown into a clarinet, air particles inside the clarinet vibrate to
produce sounds. [A1]

b) When the air particles inside the clarinet vibrate, they collide with the
surrounding air particles. This causes more air particles to vibrate. [A1] These
vibrations travel in waves called sound waves. [A1] When sound waves reach
our ears, we hear the sound made by the clarinet. [A1]

6.
a) It is caused by the vibrating cymbal when it was hit by the
drumstick.

b) The cymbal has stopped vibrating, thus stopping any sound

vibrations travelling through the air and into our ears.

c) vibrating

7.
a) i. He can tighten the drum’s skin.
ii. He can hit the drum harder.

b) It will be of a higher pitch.

8.
a) The smallest bowl. [A1]

b) If the level of water in all the bowls is the same, the smallest bowl
will contain the least amount of air. [A1] The vibrations will be the fastest [A1],
thus the pitch will be the highest.

c) The pitch will become higher. [A1]

d) If more water is poured into the bowl, the amount of air will be reduced
[A1]. If less air vibrates, the vibrations will be faster, [A1] thus the pitch will
become higher.
 Chapter 11
1. B

2. B

3. B

4. C

5. D

6.
Statements True / False
Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the
a) True
atmosphere.
Earth’s atmosphere is only made up of nitrogen
b) False
and oxygen gas.
The equator experiences cold weather all year
c) False
round.
d) The Moon is not a satellite as it occurs naturally. False
Earth spins from east to west, on an axis that is
e) False
tilted at about 23.5 degrees.
Freshwater from rivers and lakes requires
f) processing before it is safe for drinking as it may True
be contaminated.
Earth orbits the Sun in a clockwise direction in a
g) False
slight elliptical path.
h) It takes Earth exactly 365 days to orbit the Sun. False
7.
a) A: Axis, B: Earth’s atmosphere, C: Equator [A1]

b) [A1]

c) It is likely December. In December, the Northern Hemisphere faces away

from the Sun and experiences winter. The Southern Hemisphere faces the Sun
and experiences summer. [A1]

d) Places nearer to the Equator do not experience four seasons. [A1] Places
nearer to the Equator receive the same amount of sunlight and heat all year
round. [A1] As such, these places do not experience the four seasons and it is
usually warm all year round.
8.
a) It is the continuous movement of water from the Earth’s surface, to the sky
and back to the Earth. [A1]

b) [A1]

c) 1: When the water droplets in the clouds get bigger and become too heavy
to stay in the clouds, they fall as rain. This process is called precipitation. [A1]
2: The Sun heats up water on the surface of the Earth. Water particles gain
energy from the Sun. There is a change in state from liquid to gas. This
process is called evaporation. [A1]
3: Water vapour loses energy to the cold air and condenses to form tiny water
droplets. This process is called condensation. The tiny
water droplets gather and form clouds. [A1]

d) As all living things need water to stay alive, the water cycle ensures that
there is a continuous supply of fresh water for survival. [A1]
 Chapter 12
1. D

2. A

3. D

4. A

5. C

6.
Statements True / False
We can recycle our waste by sorting and
a) throwing our trash into the correct recycling bins to True
reduce land pollution.
Pollution is caused by harmful man-made pollutants
b) True
introduced by humans into the environment.
c) Only air pollution is harmful to humans. False
Global warming can cause polar ice caps on
d) Earth to melt more quickly. This can cause the sea True
level to rise.
Chemicals in pesticides only cause harm to plants. It
e) False
will not affect humans.
Large amounts of air pollutants in the Earth’s
f) True
atmosphere can result in global warming.
Contaminated water or eating food grown with
g) contaminated water can harm our health and other True
living things.
We should use renewable sources of energy, such as
h) solar panels, instead of burning fossil fuels, to False
reduce land pollution.
7.
a) With more people, more electricity needs to be produced. So, more fossil
fuels are burnt, which releases more pollutants into the air. (accept all possible
answers)

b) Forest fire (accept all possible answers)

c) Use renewable sources of energy. (accept all possible answers)

8.
a) They are picking up litter by the beach to recycle.

b)
Land pollution: By recycling, the wastes are brought to the recycling plant to
be converted into new, clean and usable materials instead of contributing to
the landfills.
Water pollution: When the litter are washed into the sea, water pollution
occurs. By picking up litter, we prevent them from being washed into the sea
to pollute it.

c) Reducing waste by only buying what we need. / Reduce the use of chemical
pesticides and fertilisers.

9.
a) Water pollution.

b) Plastic waste in water can also break down into smaller pieces over time.
Eventually, they may become tiny microplastics. [A1] These microplastics may
be eaten by animals living in the water and cause harm to their health. [A1]

c) We should get rid of our waste properly./ We should not litter./ We should
bring our own reusable shopping bags when going shopping. This reduces the
amount of plastic used and eventually being dumped into the water.