Test No. 8 Psse

PSSE
TEST NO. 8
29.10.2024
PART A
1. What is Medical Ethics?
Medical ethics is a set of moral principles that guide the practice of medicine. It focuses on
ensuring patient welfare, respecting autonomy, avoiding harm, and promoting fairness in
healthcare delivery. Key principles include beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and
justice.
2. What is Informed Consent in Medical Ethics?
Informed consent is the process where patients are provided with clear information about
their treatment options, including risks and benefits, allowing them to make voluntary and
informed decisions. It requires that patients understand the information and are competent to
consent without coercion.
3. How Does Confidentiality Impact Patient Care?
Confidentiality ensures that patient information is protected, fostering trust between patients
and healthcare providers. This trust encourages open communication, which is crucial for
accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, and it also respects patients' rights to privacy.
4. What Are the Key Elements of the Doctor-Patient Relationship?
Key elements include trust, effective communication, mutual respect, empathy, and
professionalism. These factors are essential for establishing a strong therapeutic relationship,
enabling patients to feel comfortable sharing sensitive information and participating in their
care decisions.
5. What is the Role of Ethics Committees in Healthcare Institutions?
Ethics committees provide guidance on ethical dilemmas in patient care and help develop
institutional policies. They offer consultation services, educate staff on ethical principles, and
support discussions about challenging ethical issues in healthcare settings.
PART B
1. What are the 9 principles of American medical association code of ethics? how the
relationship between the patient and physician can affect the treatment? what should be
the line of treatment in case of treating a patient at the end of life?
Nine Principles of the American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics
The American Medical Association Code of Ethics provides guidance for physicians in their
professional conduct. Here are the nine principles:
1. Principle I: Beneficence
o Physicians should act in the best interest of the patient, promoting their health
and well-being.
2. Principle II: Nonmaleficence
o Physicians must refrain from causing harm to patients and must consider the
potential risks of treatment.
3. Principle III: Respect for Autonomy
o Physicians should respect patients' rights to make informed decisions about
their own healthcare.
4. Principle IV: Justice
o Physicians must treat patients fairly and equitably, ensuring that access to care
is just and based on medical need.
5. Principle V: Confidentiality
o Physicians are obligated to protect the confidentiality of patient information,
sharing it only with consent or when legally required.
6. Principle VI: Professionalism
o Physicians should demonstrate integrity, accountability, and commitment to
the profession.
7. Principle VII: Responsibility to Society
o Physicians should contribute to the health of the community and advocate for
social justice in healthcare.
8. Principle VIII: Cooperation with Colleagues
o Physicians should collaborate with other healthcare professionals to enhance
patient care.
9. Principle IX: Honesty in Professional Relationships
o Physicians must be truthful in their interactions with patients and colleagues,
fostering trust and transparency.
Impact of the Patient-Physician Relationship on Treatment
The relationship between a patient and physician is crucial in determining the effectiveness of
treatment. Several factors can influence this dynamic:
1. Trust and Communication:

o A trusting relationship encourages open communication, allowing patients to
express concerns and preferences. This transparency can lead to more accurate
diagnoses and tailored treatment plans.
2. Patient Engagement:
oWhen patients feel respected and valued, they are more likely to be engaged in
their care. This engagement can enhance adherence to treatment regimens and
lifestyle changes.
3. Shared Decision-Making:
o A strong relationship fosters shared decision-making, where both patient and
physician collaborate on treatment choices. This approach aligns treatment
with the patient’s values and preferences, leading to better satisfaction and
outcomes.
4. Psychological Support:
o A positive relationship can provide emotional support, helping patients cope
with stress, anxiety, and uncertainty related to their health. This support can
improve overall well-being and may enhance treatment efficacy.
5. Continuity of Care:
o Long-term relationships allow for continuity of care, where physicians have a
comprehensive understanding of the patient’s medical history and context,
leading to more informed and personalized treatment.
Line of Treatment for Patients at the End of Life
When treating patients at the end of life, the approach should be guided by ethical principles,
patient preferences, and the specifics of their medical condition. Key considerations include:
1. Palliative Care:
o Focus on comfort and quality of life rather than curative treatment. Palliative
care addresses physical, emotional, and spiritual needs, helping patients
manage pain and other distressing symptoms.
2. Advance Care Planning:
o Engage in discussions about the patient's wishes, goals, and values regarding
end-of-life care. This includes understanding preferences for life-sustaining
treatments and other interventions.
3. Informed Consent:
o Ensure that patients (or their surrogates) are fully informed about their
condition, prognosis, and the benefits and burdens of treatment options.
Respect their autonomy in decision-making.
4. Support for Families:
o Provide support and resources to family members, recognizing their role in the
patient's care and the emotional challenges they may face.
5. Interdisciplinary Approach:
o Involve a team of healthcare professionals, including nurses, social workers,
and chaplains, to address the comprehensive needs of the patient and their
family.
6. Ethical Considerations:
o Consider ethical issues related to withholding or withdrawing treatment,
ensuring that decisions align with the patient's values and best interests.
7. Continuous Communication:
o Maintain ongoing discussions with the patient and family to reassess goals of
care as the situation evolves.
By prioritizing patient-centered care and open communication, physicians can navigate the
complexities of end-of-life treatment effectively and compassionately.

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PSSE

1. What is Medical Ethics?

2. What is Informed Consent in Medical Ethics?

3. How Does Confidentiality Impact Patient Care?

4. What Are the Key Elements of the Doctor-Patient Relationship?

5. What is the Role of Ethics Committees in Healthcare Institutions?

Nine Principles of the American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics

Impact of the Patient-Physician Relationship on Treatment

1. Trust and Communication:

Line of Treatment for Patients at the End of Life

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