Lesson 3: 30/10/2024

Exercise 1: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.

1. In the ____ agriculture, farmers try to limit the use of chemicals and fertilizers.
A. conserving
B. preserving
C. sustainable
D. supporting
2. Switching to ____ eco light bulb is one way to protect the environment.
A. energy-expending
B. energy-lacking
C. energy-saving
D. energy-wasting
3. Students are reminded to _________ litter that they see on the ground.
A. turn up
B. turn off
C. put off
D. pick up
4. We buy _______ food at the farmers' market. It costs a little bit more, but we think
it's better for our health.
A. non-organic
B. healthy
C. wealthy
D. organic
5. Sustainable energy is energy that __________ the needs of the present generations.
A. makes
B. takes
C. picks
D. meets
6. Small changes in your daily habits can help reduce the ___________you produce.
A. carbon footprint
B. footsteps
C. trouble
D. issues
Exercise 2: Fill in each blank with a suitable word or phrase from the box.
cutting down energy sustainable eco-friendly
household appliances greenhouse gasses natural resources
litter carbon footprint organic
1. People who drop __________ can be fined in some cities.
2. To conserve electricity, they are __________ on the central heating.
3. Ovens, irons, refrigerators, driers, etc. are __________ .
4. Hydrogenase airships offer an __________ means of transportation.
5. __________ tourism is environmentally responsible travel to natural areas.
6. Some __________ , such as natural gas and fossil fuel, cannot be replaced.
7. The ‘green’ housing community uses renewable __________ sources such as solar
power.
8. __________ food is unadulterated food produced without artificial chemicals or
pesticides.
9. __________ include chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide and carbon
dioxide.
10. A __________ is the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our
actions.
Exercise 3: Fill in the blank

global materials organic chemicals decompose

adopted environment deforestation endangered pollute

1. We should buy … food because it is safe and healthy.

2. … is the main cause of reducing tropical forest area in the world.

3. The sea turtle is an … species.

4. To protect the environment, it's important to choose ... that can be easily recycled.

5. The Paris Agreement is a ... effort to address climate change and reduce greenhouse
gas emissions.

6. Air and water pollution are often caused by the release of harmful ... into the
environment.

7. Recycling helps reduce waste and minimize its impact on the … .

8. The improper disposal of plastic bags can ... the oceans and harm marine life.

9. All three teams … different approaches to the problem.

10. As the waste materials …, they produce methane gas.

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer

Question 1: Do you know the oldest type of _______ energy is the biomass that is
derived from plant matter?
 A. remarkable B. significant C. sustainable D. affordable
Question 2: We buy _______ food at the farmers' market. It costs a little bit more, but
we think it's better for our health.
A. organic B. non-organic C. healthy D. wealthy
Question 3: In the UK, poor air quality is responsible ___________ some 40,000
deaths each year.
A. to B. for C. in D. with
Question 4: Sustainable energy is energy that __________ the needs of the present
generations.
A. meets B. takes C. makes D. picks
Question 5: We can’t go along here because the road _______.
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs
Question 6: ___________car models always attract great attention at exhibitions.
A. Eco – friendly B. Wealthy C. Passionate D. Portable
Question 7: Remember to turn off your ___________when they are not used.
A. household chores B. household appliances
C. household finance D. invitations
Question 8: Small changes in your daily habits can help reduce the ___________you
produce.
A. carbon footprint B. footsteps C. issues D. trouble
Question 9: One of the most important _____________of energy is the sun.
A. resources B. sources C. means D. kinds
Question 10: Students are reminded to _________ litter that they see on the ground.
A. turn off B. put off C. pick up D. turn up
Question 11: Switching to ________ light bulb is one way to protect the environment.
A. energy-expending B. energy-wasting
C. energy-saving D. energy-lacking
Question 12: More people _________ a green lifestyle because it is good for the
environment.
A. adopt B. conclude C. compose D. create
Question 13: A modern hospital _________in this town soon.
A. will be built B. will build C. will built D. will be build
Question 14: You should cut down ________ electricity usage to reduce your carbon
footprint.
A. in B. on C. to D. for
Question 15: Switching to ____ eco light bulb is one way to protect the environment.
A. energy-wasting B. energy-expending
C. energy-lacking D. energy-saving
Question 16: I never leave any electrical appliances on standby and I think it is a
good way to ____ energy in the home.
 A. take care of B. use C. keep D. conserve
Question 17: Money ______ to the homeless shelter by Larry.
A. donated B. was donating C. was donated D. donates
Question 18: This house is going ______ by my mother
A. sold B. to be sold C. to sold D. to sell
Question 19: The ancient houses ______ by the fire. They are now under
reconstruction.
A. were destroyed B. destroyed C. have destroyed D. were destroying
Question 20: In the ____ agriculture, farmers try to limit the use of chemicals and
fertilizers.
A. sustainable B. conserving C. preserving D. supporting
Question 21: In Singapore, people try to ____ 80% of all waste.
A. reprocess B. reclaim C. recycle D. reuse
Question 22: Listen! There's someone at the door. I ____ the door for you.
A. am going to open B. am opening C. open D. will open
Question 23: “Look at those dark clouds!“ - “Yes, it ____ in some minutes.”
A. will rain B. is going to rain C. are going to rain D. is raining
Question 24: I ___________ a lot of presents on my birthday last week.
A. give B. was given C. was giving D. have given
Question 25: It‘s very hot. ____ the window. please?
A. Are you opening B. Are you going to open C. Will you open D. Won’t
you open
Question 26: The boy _______ to the hospital immediately after the accident.
A. was takingB. took C. takes D. was taken
Question 27: My bike _______ brown and red by my father.
A. repaints B. repainted C. was repainting D. was repainted
Question 28: They _______ this story by their grandmother when they visited her last
week.
A. were telling B. tell C. told D. were told
Question 29: More than 120,000 people _______ by the two atomic bombs in
Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, 1945.
A. were killing B. were killed C. killed D. kill
Question 30: Although I have taken some aspirin, the headache ________ away.
A. isn‘t going B. isn’t going to C. not go D. won’t go
Question 31: On Sunday at 8 o‘clock I ____ my friend.
A. meet B. am going to meet C. will be meeting D. will meet
Question 32: Wait! I ____ you to the station.
A. am driving B. drive C. is going to drive D. will drive
Question 33: I ____ my sister in April as planned.
A. have seen B. will see C. am going to see D. see
Question 34: Perhaps I ____ New York one day.
A. am visiting B. am going to visit C. visit D. will visit
Question 35: What time ____ tomorrow?
A. do you leave B. are you going to leave C. will you leave D. would
you leave
Question 36: Who ____ the next World Cup?
A. is going to win B. is wining C. will win D. win
Question 37: He ____ to the theatre tonight. He has got a free ticket.
A. goes B. is going C. went D. will go
Question 38: I ____ my parents at the weekend. I already bought a train ticket.
A. visit B. am going to visit C. visited D. will visit
Question 39: Stephen William Hawking ____ on 8 January, 1942 in Oxford, England.
A. born B. has born C. is born D. was born
Question 40: ____ by your father?
A. Did that book write B. Did that book written
C. Was that book writing D. Was that book written
Question 41: The teacher ____ the student for lying.
A. was punished B. is punished C. punished D. has been punished
Question 42: As the patient could not walk he ____ home in a wheelchair.
A. has carried B. was carrying C. was carried D. has been
carried
Question 43: The injured ____ to the hospital in an ambulance.
A. have takenB. was taking C. were taken D. were taking
Question 44: It ____ that the painting is a fake.
A. believed B. is believedC. is believing D. was believing
Exercise 5: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of
various unethical acts over the past decade. They've wasted tons of food, they've
underpaid their suppliers and they've contributed to excessive plastic waste in their
packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.
But supermarkets and grocers are starting to sit up and take notice. In response to
growing consumer backlash against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by
plastic packaging, some of the largest UK supermarkets have signed up to a pact
promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse,
recycle or compost all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to
take some responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our
environment with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all plastic
packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.
 In response to criticisms over food waste, some supermarkets are donating some of
their food surplus. However, charities estimate that they are only accessing two per
cent of supermarkets' total food surplus, so this hardly seems to be solving the
problem. Some say that supermarkets are simply not doing enough. Most
supermarkets operate under a veil of secrecy when asked for exact figures of food
wastage, and without more transparency it is hard to come up with a systematic
approach to avoiding waste and to redistributing surplus food.
Some smaller companies are now taking matters into their own hands and offering
consumers a greener, more environmentally friendly option. Shops like Berlin's
Original Unverpakt and London's Bulk Market are plastic- tree shops that have
opened in recent years, encouraging customers to use their own containers or
compostable bags. Online grocery Farmdrop eliminates the need for large warehouses
and the risk of huge food surplus by delivering fresh produce from local farmers to its
customers on a daily basis via electric cars, offering farmers the lion's share of the
retail price.
There is no doubt that we still have a long way to go in reducing food waste and
plastic waste. But perhaps the major supermarkets might take inspiration from these
smaller grocers and gradually move towards a more sustainable future for us all.
(Adapted from https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org)
Question 1: Which is the most suitable title for the passage?
A. Major Supermarket Chains B. Grocers vs. Supermarkets
C. Sustainable Supermarkets D. Friendly Supermarkets
Question 2: According to paragraph 2, more and more people want supermarkets to
_______ .
A. compost all plastic wastage B. donate some of their food surplus
C. reduce their plastic waste D. lower their prices for local farmers
Question 3: The word "backlash” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______ .
A. agreement B. request C. reaction D. benefit
Question 4: The phrase "the lion's share" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
_______ .
A. the largest part B. the best choice C. the animal's food D. the royal dish
Question 5: Which statement is TRUE, according to the passage?
A. Supermarkets are not telling people how much food they are actually wasting.
B. There is a grocer in Berlin that doesn't allow customers to use their own containers.
C. Supermarkets are still denying that plastic packaging can cause damage to our
environment.
D. Farmdrop stores large amounts of food and produces unnecessary waste.
E8: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
 The green building movement, started in the 1970s as a way to reduce
environmental destruction, is changing the way buildings are constructed. In the early
years, green builders were a small minority, and their goals of reducing the
environmental impact of buildings were considered unrealistic. Now, however, the
movement is growing, as builders have been able to take advantage of new
technology.
Green builders try to make use of recycled materials, which means less waste
in dumps. Also, they reduce environmental impact by reducing the energy
requirements of a building. One way is to provide an alternative, non-polluting source
of energy. First, with solar panels, it is possible to produce electricity from the rays of
the sun. Once installed, they provide energy at no cost and with no pollution.
Another solution is to reduce the amount of energy required in a building. It is
possible to cut electricity use noticeably by improving natural lighting and installing
low-energy light bulbs. To reduce the amount of fuel needed for heating or cooling,
builders also add insulation to the walls so that the building stays warmer in winter
and cooler in summer.
One example of this advanced design is the Genzyme Center of Cambridge, the
most environmentally responsible office building in America. Every aspect of the
design and building had to consider two things: the need for a safe and pleasant
workplace for employees and the need to lessen the negative environmental impact.
75 percent of the building materials were recycled materials, and the energy use has
been reduced by 43 percent and water use by 32 percent, compared with other
buildings of the same size.
In other parts of the world, several large-scale projects have recently been
developed according to green building principles. One of these is in Vauban,
Germany, in an area that was once the site of army housing. The site has been
completely rebuilt with houses requiring 30 percent less energy than conventional
ones. These houses, heated by special non-polluting systems, are also equipped with
solar panels.
A larger project is under way in China. The first phase of this project will
include houses for 400 families built with solar power, non-polluting bricks, and
recycled wall insulation. In a second phase, entire neighborhoods in six cities will be
built. If all goes well, the Chinese government plans to copy these ideas in new
neighborhoods across China.
Green building ideas, on a small or large scale, are spreading. Individuals,
companies, and governments are beginning to see their benefits. Not only are they
environmentally friendly, green buildings improve living and working conditions and
also save money in the long run.
(Adapted from "Advanced Reading Power" by Beatrice S. Mikulecky and Linda
Jeffries)
Question 1: What is one common characteristic shared by the Genzyme Center of
Cambridge and the project in Vauban, Germany?
A. Both took advantage of new insulation technology, which cuts down on
construction costs
B. Both were built based on green building principles, which reduces energy use
considerably
C. Both are housing complexes with special, non-polluting heating systems
D. Both were built out of entirely recycled materials instead of conventional ones
Question 2: The word "insulation" in paragraph 3 mostly means ________ .
A. materials that prevent heat loss and absorption
B. systems that protect buildings from the sun's rays
C. devices that monitor changes in temperature
D. panels that convert solar energy into electricity
Question 3: According to paragraph 1, the environmental goals set by green builders
were initially considered unrealistic presumably because ________ .
A. the problems of environment destruction were not prevalent at the time
B. there was a lack of green builders at the beginning of the 20th century
C. there was an abundance of natural materials for the construction of conventional
buildings
D. the potential applications of technology to constructing green buildings were not
recognised then
Question 4: According to the passage, which of the following statements about green
buildings is TRUE?
A. They are gaining in popularity in different parts of the world
B. They are more economical and produce no pollution
C. They have only been built in technologically developed countries
D. They are environmentally responsible constructions with gardens
Question 5: The phrase "under way" in paragraph 6 mostly means ________ .
A. being certified B. being inspected C. being launched D. being notified
Question 6: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 7 as a merit of
green buildings?
A. Improving living conditions B. Proving more economical eventually
C. Being friendly to the environment D. Increasing work productivity
Question 7: Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Economic benefits of environmentally responsible buildings
B. New technologies applied to constructing office buildings
C. Successful green building projects all over the world
D. An environmentally friendly approach to constructing buildings
Question 8: The word "they” in paragraph 2 refers to ________ .
A. solar panels B. rays of the sun C. green builders D. recycled materials