Faculty of Engineering

LEUXX1-CFE202

ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT
SPRING 2023/2024
Submitted By : Group S
21144053 EVELYN SIBANDA 21146006 VICTOR OSAHON IKPONMWOSA
21145072 CHIA VIVIANE ROSEMONDE YAPO
21143542 HUBERT NAHIMANA

21145054 BISONG LAMFU BISONG 21144008 THABO EMMANUEL NKOMO

21143473 VERDIQUE IRADUKUNDA 21143476 SAHEEL KHALID AHMED

21146028 TEMITOPE EMMANUEL ADEBAYO 21143575 GEORGINA KIRENZI KIRABO

21144002 MLUNGISI BOTOMLEY NKOMO 21145071 CHO SANDRINE VICTORINE YAPO

21144015 TANAKA EVERISTO MANGWIRO 21145120 MARIE-DAVIDE FATIMA SEWA

21144059 COLLINS CHAGADAMA

Submitted to: Asist. Prof. Dr. Semih Oğuzcan

Date of Submission: 14/05/2024
TOPIC: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
 ABSTRACT
The environment has a lot of challenges, and many of them seem to get bigger over the years. Increasing public
awareness of these issues is important for reducing negative effects. Environmental pollution is getting worse
every day and has negative and permanent effects on the world.

There are many types of things like air, water, earth, sound, and light. Urbanization and new technology can
harm people's health by making the air, water, and soil worse because they release harmful materials like plastic.
Heavy metals, nitrates, and waste are all burned.

Fuels, acid rain, oil spills, and industrial chemicals. Cities with a lot of people have more noise and light
pollution. Pollutants are getting bigger and bigger nowadays and are killing some species of animals and birds,
which makes it necessary to ban the environment.

Acid rain damages plants and trees, which makes the grass around animals irritated. It is well known that
pollution affects men or women, but it's interesting to know how environmental pollution affects intellectual
knowledge.

To solve environmental health problems in the future, we should first plan and then do something to show that
it will help. You can use green electric cars, encourage sharing cars, and use solar or wind energy instead of
fossil fuels.

These may also include replacing them with renewable energy sources like power and encouraging green
construction. The inability to think more about environmental pollution, how it affects population sites, and
how to reduce irreversible losses in the environment.
TOPIC: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ...................................................................................................... 2
TABLE OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................ 4
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 6
TYPES OF POLLUTION ...................................................................................................................... 6
1. AIR POLLUTION .................................................................................................................................... 7
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2. POLLUTANT SOURCE ................................................................................................................. 7
1.2.1. PRIMARY POLLUTANT SOURCE .............................................................................. 7
1.2.2. SECONDARY POLLUTANT SOURCE ........................................................................ 7
1.3. CAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION FROM HUMAN MADE ACTIVITIES ....................................... 8
1.4. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ................................................................................................... 8
1.5. SOLUTIONS TO AIR POLLUTION .............................................................................................. 8
2. WATER POLLUTION .............................................................................................................................. 9
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 9
2.2. TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION .................................................................................................. 9
2.2.1. Groundwater Pollution ........................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2. Surface Water Pollution .......................................................................................................... 9
2.2.3. Oil Spillages ......................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.4. Chemical Water Pollution ..................................................................................................... 10
2.2.5. Oxygen-Depletion Pollution ................................................................................................. 10
2.3. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION ............................................................................................ 10
2.4. EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
........................................................................................... 10
2.5. PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION ................................................................................... 11
3. LAND POLLUTION .............................................................................................................................. 11
 3.1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.2. CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION............................................................................................... 11
3.3. Solution to Land Pollution ............................................................................................................... 1
4. NOISE POLLUTION ................................................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1
4.1. TYPES OF NOISE POLLUTION ................................................................................................... 2
4.2. CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION ................................................................................................ 2
5. SOIL POLLUTION .................................................................................................................................. 3
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 3
5.1. Cause Of Soil Pollution ................................................................................................................... 4
Natural Pollution of Soil ............................................................................................................ 4
Anthropogenic Soil Pollution .................................................................................................... 4
5.2. Negative Consequences of Soil Pollution ........................................................................................ 6
5.2.1. Effects on Human Beings ................................................................................................ 6
5.2.2. The short term effects of human exposure to polluted soil include
.................................. 6 5.2.3. Long-term to soil pollution
.............................................................................................. 6 5.2.4. Effects on Plants and
Animal ........................................................................................... 6
5.2.5. Effects on the Ecosystem ................................................................................................. 6
5.3. How can Soil Pollution be Controlled? ............................................................................................ 6
6. Radiation pollution
.......................................................................................................................................... 7
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 7
6.1.Radiation Effects ...........................................................................................................................
10
6.2. Effects of radioactive pollution; ..................................................................................................... 10
● Diseases ................................................................................................................................ 10
● Effects on wildlife ................................................................................................................ 10
6.3. Solution for radioactive pollution .................................................................................................. 10
7. Effects of Environmental Pollution ................................................................................................... 11
8. Causes of Environmental Pollution................................................................................................... 11
CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................... 12
References ......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Text ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Books .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Links
..................................................................................................................................................... 13
TABLE OF FIGURES
● Figure 1. Composition of air, adapted from: https://www.quora.com/What-is- thecomposition-of-
airand-how-much-is-it

● Figure 2. Air pollutants, adopted from: https://www.clarity.io/blog/how- measuringdifferent-typesof-

air-pollutants-creates-a-more-holistic-picture-of-air-pollutio n

● Figure 3. Coal Power Plant, adopted from

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/news-air-quality-braincognitive-function
 ● Figure 4. Water pollution. Adopted from: https://atlas-scientific.com/blog/types-of-
waterpollution/#:~:text=The%20main%20types%20of%20water,pollutants%20to%2 0 enter
%20our%20waterways

● Figure 5. Plastic waste, adopted from: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-

landpollutioncauses-consequences.html

● Figure 6. Industrial Welding, adopted from: https://audiologycenternw.com/stand-up-

tonoisepollution/
● Figure 6. Non-biodegradable battery cells, adopted from:
https://www.dailypioneer.com/2023/columnists/soil-pollution-can-lead-to-a-
majorcatastrophe.html

● Figure 7. Radioactive Pollution Sources https://www.slideshare.net/rithikramborcstr/radioactive-

pollution-with-case-study- byrithik-biswasrithikrbgmailcom

INTRODUCTION
The discharge of energy into the planet's natural resources—air, land, or water—caused by either temporary
or permanent harm to the ecosystem, the well-being of living things, or to their individual health is known as
environmental pollution. The degree to which biological and biological (physical and biological) pollution
negatively impacts the environment's typical high-level activities is referred to as environmental pollution.
Additionally, pollution can worsen and result in either primary or secondary damage; in this instance, the
initial harm is equivalent to the outcomes.
In the long run, secondary decay is easily observable as a breakdown of the well-planned net pyramid structure of
the modern food system.
 Harmful substances can be introduced and cause pollution. Pollutants are these potentially
harmful substances. Natural contaminants include things like volcanic ash. It may also be brought
on by human activity that produces garbage or industrial waste. Pollution of the air, water and land.
Pollution is a result of numerous things that are beneficial to humans. Pollutants are released from
cars through the tailpipe. There is an emission of greenhouse gases when coal is burned. Waste and
debris from homes and businesses can contaminate the land and water. Toxic chemicals called
pesticides damage the environment by leaking into water and killing insects and weeds. All life on
Earth depends on the air and water that are available to it, even single-celled organisms like blue
whales.
All life forms are at risk of infection when this system gets compromised. Global pollution is an
issue. Pollution can spread to isolated and uninhabited areas even though cities are typically more
polluted than rural ones. For instance, leaves from the Antarctic have been found to contain
pesticides and other chemicals. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a massive accumulation of tiny
plastic particles in the middle of the North Pacific Ocean. pipes for the exhaust of water and air.
Marine pollution is transported great distances by migratory fish and ocean currents.
TYPES OF POLLUTION
● Air pollution
● Water pollution
● Thermal pollition
● Soil pollution
● Soil pollution
● Noise pollution
● Dirty pollution
● Light pollution ● Radiation pollution

1. AIR POLLUTION

INTRODUCTION

Any chemical contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment is known as air pollution.
physical or biological material that tampers with the atmosphere's natural equilibrium. Typically, air
consists of 0.9% carbon dioxide, 0.1% inert gases, 21% oxygen, and 78% nitrogen. When air pollution is
combined with other elements like harmful gases or particles, it can seriously harm people's health.

Figure 1. Air Components

 1.2. POLLUTANT SOURCE
1.2.1. PRIMARY POLLUTANT SOURCE

Primary pollutants are carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, etc. pollutants from sources.

1.2.2. SECONDARY POLLUTANT SOURCE

Secondary pollutants are formed when other pollutants (primary pollutants) react in the atmosphere. Ozone is formed when
hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) combine in the presence of sunlight. NO2 is formed when NO and oxygen
combine in the atmosphere. Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide reacting with water.

Figure 2. Air Pollutants

1.3. CAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION FROM HUMAN MADE ACTIVITIES

Emissions from vehicles, diesel and propane lines for home heating, by-products of energy production
And generation of electricity, primarily coal-fired power plants, and fumes from chemical production

Figure 3. Coal-fueled Electricity

1.4. EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

● Diseases,
● collectively with stroke,
● chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
 ● Trachea,
● Tumors of the bronchi and lungs,
● Aggravation of bronchial hypersensitivity reactions and reduction of respiratory
infections.

1.5. SOLUTIONS TO AIR POLLUTION

● REDUCE OR REUSE RECYCLING.
● MAINTENANCE OF YOUR CARS.

● AVOID OR STOP SMOKING.

● USE OF ENERGY STAR PRODUCTS

2. WATER POLLUTION

INTRODUCTION

Water pollution can be defined as the contamination of a stream, river, lake, ocean or any other body
of water, which reduces the quality of water and makes it toxic to the environment and humans.

Figure 4. Water Pollution. adopted from

2.2. TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION

2.2.1Groundwater Pollution
Groundwater Pollution Groundwater comes from beneath the earth's floor, determined in deposits
called aquifers. One of the main sources of water pollutants that end up in aquifers comes from
agriculture. Fertilizers and insecticides used in agricultural land are easily absorbed into the soil or can
be carried away as runoff during rainfall.
 2.2.2 Surface Water Pollution

Surface water refers to all of our bodies of water above the Earth's floor, which include oceans, lakes, and rivers.
Any hazardous substance that comes into contact with floor water is called a floor water pollutant.
Surface water pollution occur in three ways; natural, accidentally and intentional.

2.2.2. Oil Spillages

Water can be polluted by inadvertent oil spills, transportation, runoff, and deliberate discharges. Oil
spills could have devastating consequences on aquatic environments and are extremely difficult to
remove; simply one liter of oil can pollute a million liters of water.

2.2.3. Chemical Water Pollution

Chemicals are the not uncommon maximum place for water pollutants, and many industries use
chemicals that can be found in water systems. These chemicals can be anything from metals
and solvents in commercial operations, fertilizers and insecticides on the farm to chemicals
used in pest control companies.
When chemicals enter soil and water systems, they have little influence on the people,
livestock and fish that use those environments.

2.2.4. Oxygen-Depletion Pollution

When oxygen levels are too low, any existence relying on oxygen for respiration could be killed and
anaerobic organisms will survive. Because many anaerobic organisms produce ammonia and other
dangerous toxins, this could make the water even riskier for aquatic life that lives in those
environments and for people who depend on water sources for ingestion.

2.3. CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

● Urbanization.
● Deforestation.
● Industrial waste.
● Social and religious practices.
● Use of Detergents and Fertilizers.
● Agricultural runoff: use of insecticides and pesticides

2.4. EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

• The impact of water pollutants depends on the type and concentration of
pollution. Also, the amount of water in our bodies is important for determining the
levels of pollutants.

• In cities, the water is very dirty. Companies and commercial establishments dump waste and
poisonous chemical compounds.

• Water pollution is a big problem for aquatic life. It influences their metabolism, behavior, and the
reasons for infection and death.

• The pollutants in the water will have a big impact on the food chain. It breaks down the food chain.
 • People can get sick from polluted water by putting their feces in it. Poor water intake can cause a lot
of infectious diseases, such as cholera, etc.
2.5. PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION
● Wastewater Treatment: Wastewater remediation involves removing pollution from wastewater
through a physical, chemical, or organic process. The more ecological these strategies are, the more
purifying the water becomes.
● Green agriculture: Globally, agriculture accounts for 70% of water resources, so it is still far from It
is essential to have climate-friendly crops, ecological irrigation that reduces the need for water and
ecological food production. Green agriculture is equally important to limit chemical compounds
released into the water.
● Water conservation: Without water conservation we won't get very far. It is vital to ensure that the
arena has greater access to water. It is good to be aware that water is a scarce resource, take care of it
and manage it responsibly

3. LAND POLLUTION

3.1. INTRODUCTION
The advent of hazardous materials (pollutants) into the land is known as soil pollution. This consists of
dumping waste, poisonous chemicals and waste.
3.2. CAUSES OF LAND POLLUTION
Land pollutants are because of numerous human activities such as: Solid waste

drains, waste and landfills.

Every plastic wrap thrown from a vehicle window brings with it the enormous problem of earthly pollutants.
Municipal stable waste and landfills collect waste accumulated from homes, schools, hospitals, markets and
public places. Municipal solid waste is a separate area that collects household waste. Solid waste consists of
wood, glass, paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans, furniture and other damaged materials.

Figure 5. Plastic Waste

 3.3. Solution to Land Pollution
Every individual on earth can reduce soil pollutants with the help of adopting eco-friendly practices. Waste
era reduction and waste control can help identify responses to soil pollutants. Listed below are some clean
approaches to stopping soil pollutants:

Practice the four Rs. Reduce, reuse, recycle and respond. Reduce the waste era, reuse as much as
possible, recycle as much as possible to reduce pollutants and respond to the scenario by developing
attention and identifying innovative approaches to reduce waste. For example, reusing plastic buckets
and bottles as planters or reusing cardboard containers as garage containers.

4.NOISE POLLUTION

INTRODUCTION

Noise pollution is an invisible danger. You can't find it, but it's still there, both on land and under the sea. Noise
pollution is defined as any unwanted or disturbing sound that affects the health and well-being of people and other
living things.

4.1. TYPES OF NOISE POLLUTION

● Traffic noise pollution: A variety of noise is heard in visitor road areas which disturbs the people around.

● Industrial Noise Pollution: Noise pollutants are so strong due to the type of equipment used, that heavy
machines used inside and outside industries produce loud noise.

Figure 6. Industrial Welding

● Neighborhood Noise: It can seriously harm your mind and health if

people in your neighborhood talk loudly. The loud music played on their radios
makes it difficult to sleep at night and it is quite unpleasant to hear loud singing.
Pet owners making noises such as dog barking, which are incredibly irritating to
our ears and disrupt our brain and night sleep, cause noise.
 ● Construction sites: a lot of noise is produced during construction. Noise
produced during construction is produced by simple, large machinery.

● Terminals and airports: Terminals with constantly increased sounds

coming from buses. Airports cause a lot of noise when planes land and take off.

4.2. CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollution affects millions of people every day. The most common health problem is ●
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIL).
● Exposure to high levels of noise can also cause
hypertension,
● Heart disease, ● Sleep disorders and ● Stress.
These health problems can affect all groups, especially children. Many children who live near noisy airports
or on the streets also seem to face other problems, such as problems with memory, attention span and reading
skills.

Noise pollution also affects the health and well-being of living organisms. Studies have shown that excessive
noise can make the insect's heartbeat (the insect's heart) beat faster and cause bluebirds to give birth to fewer
chicks. Animals use sounds for a variety of reasons, such as orienting themselves, finding food, attracting mates,
and avoiding predators. Noise pollution affects their ability to live by making it difficult for them to carry out
these tasks.

4. SOIL POLLUTION

INTRODUCTION
Soil pollution refers to the contamination of the soil with many toxic substances. It is a serious
environmental problem because it poses many health risks. For example, exposure to soil with high
concentrations of benzene increases the risk of leukemia.
 Figure 6. Non-biodegradable battery cells
5.1.Cause Of Soil Pollution
Soil pollution can be broadly classified into two categories:
● Naturally caused soil pollution
● Anthropogenic soil pollution (caused by human activity)
Natural Pollution of Soil
In a few extraordinarily uncommon processes, a few pollution are clearly gathered in soils. This can
arise because of the differential deposition of soil through the atmosphere.

Anthropogenic Soil Pollution

• Asbestos from demolished homes may contaminate the surrounding soil.

• The use of paint containing lead in all production sports can also cause hazardous levels of lead pollution in
the ground.
• The hydrocarbons found in petroleum can contaminate soil when gasoline and diesel spill during
transportation. • Steel pollutants are often released into the surrounding soil as a result of operations related to
steel melting plants (foundries).
• Heavy metal contamination of the soil can result from underground mining activities.
• Heavy metal and chemical waste that is improperly disposed of can seriously contaminate the soil. For
instance, waste can seep into the ground as a result of toxic waste in landfills. This waste has the potential to
contaminate groundwater directly.
• Chemical insecticides are made up of many hazardous ingredients. Severe soil pollution can result from the
overuse and ineffective application of chemical pesticides.
• If wastewater from urbanized areas is not properly disposed of, it can also contaminate the soil. Numerous
substances that cause cancer may also be present in this waste.

Other types of waste that may pollute soil consist of nuclear waste, e-waste, and coal as
5.2. Negative Consequences of Soil Pollution
5.2.1Effects on Human Beings
Soil contaminants can exist in all three phases (solid, liquid, and gaseous).
5.2.2. Short-term effects of human exposure to polluted soil include
● Headache, nausea and vomiting.
● Cough, chest pain, and wheezing.
● Irritation of skin and eyes.
● Fatigue and weakness.

5.2.3 Long-term soil pollution

● Exposure to high levels of lead can cause permanent damage to the nervous system. Children are
especially vulnerable to lead.

● Central nervous system (CNS) depression.

● Damage to vital organs such as the kidneys and liver.

 ● increased risk of developing cancer.

5.2.4. Effects on Plants and Animal

Plants growing in contaminated soil can accumulate large quantities of soil contaminants through process
known as bioaccumulation. After these plants are consumed, the accumulated gases are transferred
to the food chain This could lead to the extinction of many animal species.

5.1.1. Effects on the Ecosystem

● It can also contribute to acid rain (releasing huge amounts of ammonia into the atmosphere).

● Acidic soils are inhospitable to several microorganisms that improve soil structure and help in the
decomposition of organic matter.

● crops are heavily affected by this form of pollution

5.2. How can Soil Pollution be controlled?

● Excavation and transportation of contaminated soil to remote, uninhabited areas.

● Contaminant removal and heat recovery: Heat is increased to force contaminants into the vapor phase, after
which they can be collected and vaporized.

● Bioremediation or phytoremediation involves the use of microorganisms and plants to remediate the soil.

● Mycoremediation uses mushrooms to accumulate heavy metals.

6.Radiation pollution
INTRODUCTION
Radioactive pollution is defined as the physical and nuclear contamination of organisms and the
environment (water, lithosphere and atmosphere) following the exposure and release of radioactive
elements such as uranium to ionizing radiation. It is released following the radioactive decay of
radioactive material in the following cases:
● Nuclear explosions and tests

● Nuclear waste cleanup

• Radioactive minerals

● Electrical accidents

It is more dangerous than any other pollution in the world. It is defined by the shape of the three plates
used as warps. The radius is estimated during the decay or decay/space-time.
.

Figure 7. Radioactive Pollution Sources

6.1Radiation Effects

Biological damage caused by radiation is caused by the following factors:

● Submission period

● Radiation intensity

● Types of ionizing radiation (e.g. penetrating power)

● Whether the radiation comes from outside or inside the human body

6.2 Effects of radioactive pollution;

● Diseases

● Somatic damage

● Effects on wildlife

Effects on plants

● Effects on marine life

6.3Solution for radioactive pollution:

Radioactive contamination can harm people, so we need to fight and control it. Radioactive materials should not
be hard to dispose of.
You must store radioactive equipment in a safe place and turn it into a harmless one. Radioactive waste must be
disposed of in the wastewater. Hot spots must follow all the health rules. Nuclear power plants need workers to
wear protective clothing. Switching between power sources.

7.Effects of Environmental Pollution

• Pollution affects the very things that keep the ear alive, like the air we breathe, the water we drink, and
the ecosystems we depend on. It therefore represents the possibility of being on earth.
• Pollution is one of the most difficult situations for people and other living things.
• Even though it affects the whole society, it affects vulnerable groups like the poor, children, girls, etc.
• Pollution also has negative effects on the economic system.
• Pollutants can also affect how people live and how much money they have. This can happen because
people don't have enough food to eat, because farmers aren't making enough money, or because of
flooding.
 8. Causes of Environmental Pollution

● The rapid expansion of the human population has boosted anthropogenic activity in numerous ways. In one
way or another, a lot of these activities release unwanted substances into the surroundings.

● Historically, building activity has increased in response to rapid urbanization. This results in the generation of
waste, the release of dust into the atmosphere, etc. It contaminates the ecosystem in a number of ways.
● As cities become more populated, transportation-related activities also rise. This is a substantial source of
pollution in and of itself.

● As slow industries become more concentrated, industrial waste and greenhouse gases that contaminate the
environment are produced at a rapid pace.

● Certain agricultural practices harm the environment as well. For instance, overuse of pesticides and fertilizers
contaminates nearby water bodies as well as the soil through runoff.

● Other sources of pollution to the environment include burning fuels and adding chemicals.

CONCLUSION
Preventing environmental pollutants reduces both monetary and environmental costs. Pollution prevention
protects the environment by using preservative and protective plant resources and at the same time
strengthens finances for greener production in businesses and reduces the need for households, groups,
and waste management..
Pollution is a serious problem. By acknowledging the urgency of the problem, embracing
innovation and working together – government, industry and individuals – we can create change.
Let's choose a path that will make our planet cleaner and healthier for future generations.

Pollution is bad for our modern society. Because of this, human and animal lives are changed. It is
up to us to take many steps to protect the environment. To move towards a better tomorrow, we
should actively fight pollution. If we don't do something good enough, future generations could be
in danger.

It's hard to keep up with nature anymore because of pollution. Many economic sectors have
triggered environmental pollution. Pollution prevention methods can be used in all sectors that
produce pollution, but this is hard for many economic sectors, such as agriculture and food.

References

Text
● Pollution. Retrieved May 3, 2023 from
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/pollution
● Environmental degradation. Retrieved May 3, 2023 from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_degradation HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_degradation"

Books
● Gilbert M. Masters and Wendall, P. Ela. Introduction to Environmental Engineering
and Science. PHI learning Pvt. Ltd.
● Khopkar, S. M. Environmental Pollution- Monitoring and Control. New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi.
● William W Nazaroff and Lisa A Cohen. Environmental Engineering Science. Wiley
Publishers

Links
● https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary
- sciences/environmentalpollution
● https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-
sciences/environmentalpollution#:~:text=Environmental%20pollution%20is%20unwarra
nted%20disposal,both% 20quantitatively%20and%20qualitatively%20
● https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1
● https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-
airpollution/glossary/pqrs/primary-pollutant-
secondarypollutant.htm#:~:text=A%20primary%20pollutant%20is%20an,pollutants)%20
react%20i n%20the%20atmosphere.
● https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-land-pollution-causes-consequences.html

● https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/noise-pollution/
● https://audiologycenternw.com/stand-up-to-noise-pollution/
● https://byjus.com/biology/radioactive-pollution/#how-is-radioactive-pollution-caused?
● https://www.nextias.com/blog/environment-pollution/
● https://www.hd.eneos.co.jp/english/esgdb/environment/pollution.html