KVS ZIET BHUBANESWAR

CBTI XI PHY CH_6 SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND RIGID BODY MOTION

Q. QUESTION
NO
MCQ s 1 MARK EACH
1. For which of the following does the centre of mass lie outside the body?
a) A Pencil
b) A shot-put
c) A dice
d) A bangle
2. A projectile is fired at an angle and it was following a parabolic path. Suddenly, it explodes into
fragments. Choose the correct option regarding
this situation.

a) Due to explosion , CM shifts upwards

b) Due to explosion , CM shifts downwards
c) Due to explosion , CM traces its path back
to origin
d) CM continues to move along same parabolic path
3. When acrobat bends his body (assume no external torque)

a) Iacrobat decreases
b) Iacrobat increases
c) wacrobat increases
d) Both (a) and (c)

4. In a game of see-saw, what should be the displacement of boy from right edge to keep the see saw in
equilibrium? (M1 = 40kg, M2 = 60kg)

a) 4/3 m
b) 1m
c) 2/3m
d) zero

5. When a disc rotates with uniform angular velocity, which of the following is not true?
a) The speed of rotation is non-zero and remains same.
b) The sense of rotation remains same.
c) The angular acceleration is non-zero and remains same.
d) The orientation of the axis of rotation remains same.
6. Two masses are joined with a light rod and the system is rotating about the fixed axis as
shown in the figure. The MI of the system about the axis is:

a) Ml2 /2
b) Ml2 /4
c) Ml2
d) Ml2 /6
7. A disc is rolling on the inclined plane. What is the ratio of its rotational KE to the total KE?
a) 1:3
b) 3:1
c) 1:2
d) 2:1
8. An automobile engine develops 100kW when rotating at a speed of 1800rev/min.What torque does it
deliver?
a) 350Nm
b) 531Nm
c) 440Nm
d) 628Nm
9. A car is moving at a speed of 72km/h. The diameter of its wheel is 0.5m. If the wheels are stopped in 20
rotation by applying brakes, then angular retardation produced by brakes is
a) -25.5 rad/s2
b) -33.5 rad/s2
c) -29.5 rad/s2
d) -45.5 rad/s2
10. If a person standing on a rotating disc stretches out his hands, the angular speed will
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Remain same
d) None of these.
11. Moment of inertia of a solid cylinder of length 𝐿 and diameter 𝐷 about an axis passing through its centre of
gravity and perpendicular to its geometric axis is
𝐷2 𝐿2 𝐿2 𝐷2
a) 𝑀 ( 4 + 12) b) 𝑀 (16 + )
8
𝐷2 𝐿2 𝐿2 𝐷2
c) 𝑀( 4 + 6) d) 𝑀 (12 + 16 )

12. The M.I. of a body about the given axis is 1.2 𝑘𝑔 × 𝑚2 initially the body is at rest. In order to produce a
rotational kinetic energy of 1500 𝐽, an angular acceleration of 25 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 must be applied about
that axis for duration of
a) 4 𝑠𝑒𝑐 b) 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 c) 8 𝑠𝑒𝑐 d) 10 𝑠𝑒𝑐

13. A circular disc is to be made by using iron and aluminium, so that it acquires maximum moment of inertia
about its geometrical axis. It is possible with
a) Iron and aluminium layers in alternate order
b) Aluminium at the interior and iron surrounding it
c) Iron at the interior and aluminium surrounding it
d) Either (a) or (c)
14. A sphere of mass 0.5 𝑘𝑔 and diameter 1𝑚 rolls without sliding with a constant velocity of 5 𝑚/𝑠,
calculate what is the ratio of the rotational 𝐾. 𝐸. to the total kinetic energy of the sphere
7 5 2 1
a) 10 b) 7 c)7 d)2

15. A 1𝑚 long rod has a mass of 0.12 𝑘𝑔. What is the moment of inertia about an axis passing through the
centre and perpendicular to the length of rod
a)0.01𝑘𝑔-𝑚2 b) 0.001𝑘𝑔-𝑚2 c)1𝑘𝑔-𝑚2 d)10𝑘𝑔-𝑚2

16. The angular momentum of particle

a)Is perpendicular to the plane of the surface in which it moves
 b)Along the plane of motion
c)Inclined at any angle with the plane
d)Has no particular direction

17. Assertion: The moment of inertia of a body depends on its shape and mass distribution.
Reason: Moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to rotational motion and is influenced by
both its mass distribution and shape.

18. Assertion: The angular momentum of an object is conserved when no external torques act on it.
Reason: Angular momentum is the product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity, and any change
in these quantities leads to a change in angular momentum.
19. The position of a particle is given by r=î + 2ĵ - 𝑘̂ and its linear momentum is given by p = 3 ̂i + 4 ̂j - 2
+𝑘̂ then its angular momentum, about the origin is perpendicular to
a)𝑦𝑧-plane b)𝑧-axis c)𝑦-axis d) 𝑥-axis

20. Four balls each of radius 10 cm and mass 1 kg, 2kg, 3 kg and 4 kg are attached to the periphery of
massless plate of radius 1 m. What is moment of inertia of the system about the centre of plate?

a) 12.04 kg-m2 b) 10.04 kg-m2 c) 11.50 kg-m2 d) 5.04 kg-m2

21. Angular momentum of the particle rotating with a central force is constant due to?
22. Where does the centre of mass of a body lies?
23. What do you understand by reduced mass?
24. What is analogous of mass in rotational motion?
25. Define radius of gyration.
26. The reduced mass of two particles having masses m and 2m is
27. Which principle a circus acrobat employs in his performance?
28. A person without stretched arms, is spinning on a rotating stool. He suddenly brings his arms down
to his sides .What happens to kinetic energy and angular momentum?
29. Radius of gyration is denoted by?
30. Which is the wrong relation from the following? t
= Ia F = ma L=Iw I=ta
31. A ring of radius R slides down an inclined plane and reaches the bottom with speed v. If the radius of the
ring is doubled keeping its M.I. constant, the speed at the bottom of the inclined plane will be
(a) v
(b) 2v
(c) √2v
(d) v√2
32.
The torque of a force F = -3i^ + j^ + 5k^ acting at the point r = 7i^ + 3j^ + i^ is

(a) 14i^ – 38j^ + 16k^

(b) 4i^ + 4j^ + 6k^

(c) -21i^ + 4j^ + 4k^

(d) -14i^ + 38j^ – 16k^

33. The radius of gyration of a cylindrical rod of length is 10√3 about an axis of rotation perpendicular to its
length and passing through the centre will be-
(a) 5m (b) 3m (c) 1m (d) 4m
34. The moment of inertia of a body does not depend upon
(a) the mass of the body
(b) the axis of rotation of the body
(c) the distribution of the mass in the body
(d) the angular velocity of the body
35.
A ring (R), a disc (D), a solid sphere (S) and a hollow sphere with thin walls (H), all having the same mass
and radii, start together from rest at the top of an inclined plane and roll down without slipping.

(a)All of them will reach the bottom of the incline together.

(b)The body with the maximum radius will reach the bottom first.
( c)They will reach the bottom in order S, R, H, D.
(d) All of them will have the same kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline.

36. Two rings have their moments of inertia in the ratio 3:2 and their diameters are in the ratio 2 : 1. The ratio
of their masses will be
(a) 8:6
(b) 8: 5
(c) 8:9
(d) 3:2
37.
The linear and angular acceleration of a particle is 10m/sec2 and 5rad/sec2 respectively then what will be the
distance of particle from the axis of rotation.

(a) 8m
(b) 5m
(c) 2m
(d) 4m

38. What will be a body's angular momentum if the time period is doubled and its moment of inertia is kept constant?
a) remain constant
b) become half
c) doubles
d) quadruples
39. Suppose a gymnast is sitting on a rotating chair and his arms are outstretched. If he suddenly shortens his arms,
what will happen?
a) angular velocity will decrease
b) moment of inertia will decrease
c) angular velocity will stay constant
d) angular momentum will increase.
40. Consider two objects a disk and a sphere that has the same radius but different masses which roll down the two
inclined planes with the same altitude and length. Out of the two objects, which one gets to the bottom of the
plane first?
(a) It is dependent on the masses of the objects
(b) Disk
(c) Sphere
(d) Both reach at the same time
41.
42.
43.
 44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
VSA 2 MARKS EACH
1. How will you distinguish between a hard-boiled egg & a raw egg by spinning each on a table top?
2. Why two spheres of same mass & same radius.one solid & the other hollow have unequal moment of
inertia?

3. Three particles of masses 1kg,2kg & 3kg are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle of side
1m.Locate the position of centre of mass if 1kg & 2kg mass are placed in X axis with 1kg mass placed at
origin.
4. Three point masses of 1kg,2kg,and 3kg lie at (1,2), (0,-1), and (2,-3) respectively. Calculate the coordinate
of centre of mass of the system.
5. A uniform ring of mass 10kg and diameter 0.4m rotates with a uniform speed of 2100 rotation per minute.
Find the moment of inertia and angular momentum of the ring about the axis passing through its centre
and perpendicular to its plane.
6. Why it is easier to open a tap with two fingers than with one finger?
7. Define the term "center of mass" of a system of particles. How does the motion of a system of particles
relate to its center of mass?
8. A disc and a ring, both of the same mass and radius, are released simultaneously from rest at the top of an
inclined plane. Which one reaches the bottom first and why?
9. If angular momentum is conserved in a system whose moment of inertia is decreased, will its rotational
kinetic energy be also conserved ?
10. State the condition for translational equilibrium of a body.
11. How is linear momentum related to angular momentum?
12. What will happen to centre of mass if the external forces acting on the system has zero resultant?
13. A rope coils an empty cylinder whose mass and radius are 3 kg and 40 cm respectively. Determine the cylinder's
angular acceleration if someone pulls the rope with 30 N force.
14. A body rolls over a horizontal, smooth surface without slipping with a translational kinetic energy E.
Show that the total kinetic energy of the body is E(1+K^2/r^2), where k is the radius of gyration and R
is the radius of the body. Using the above relation, find the total kinetic energy of a circular disc.
15. Calculate the angular momentum of a body when it's K.E and M.I are 4 joules and 2 kg m^2 respectively.

SA 3 MARKS EACH
1. In a hammer throw event, a solid sphere of mass 16 kg is tied to a light 50 cm long chain. A sportsman
gives to it a constant moment of 30 N-m for 10 seconds and then throws the sphere. Consider the sphere
as a point mass.
a) Find the moment of inertia about the axis of rotation.
b) If L’ is the angular momentum and ‘τ ’ is the torque, show that τ = dL/dT .
c) Write an example for the motion in which an angular momentum remains constant.

2. The rotational analogue of force is moment of force, also called torque.

a) The turning effect of force is maximum when the angle between r→ and F→ is…
b) A wheel starting form rest acquires an angular velocity of 10 rad/s in two seconds. The moment of
inertia of the wheel is 0.4 kg m². Calculate the torque acting on it.
c) The possibility of falling backward with the ladder is more when you are high upon the ladder than
when you just begin a climb. Explain why.
3. A cylinder is rolling without sliding over two horizontal planks (surfaces) 1 and 2. If the velocities of the
surfaces A and B are −vi^ and 2vi^ respectively. Then what will be the position of instantaneous axis of
rotation and also what will be the angular velocity?

4. A non-uniform bar of weight W is suspended at rest by two strings of negligible weight as

shown infigure. The angles made by the strings with the vertical are 36.9 0and
53.10respectively. The bar is twometer long. Calculate the distance d of the centre of gravity
of the bar from its left end. ( Given Sin 53.10=0.8,Cos53.10= 0.6, Sin36.90= 0.6 andCos36.90=
0.8).

5. Two discs of same mass & thickness are made of materials having different densities. Which one of them
will have larger moment of inertia?
6. a) Where is the center of mass of a triangular lamina?
b) From a uniform disk of radius R , a circular hole of radius R/2 is cut out. The center of the hole is
R/2 from the center of original disk. Locate the center of mass of the resulting flat body.
7. A particle of mass M initially at (0,4,0) is moving with uniform velocity parallel to the X-axis in a certain
coordinate system. Prove that the angular momentum of the mass will remain constant about Z-axis.
8. Derive Newton’s second law for rotational motion of a rigid body about a fixed axis.
9. A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100 rad . The radius of
the cylinder is 0.25 m.
What is the kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the cylinder? What is the magnitude of
angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis?
10.
A car weighs 1800 kg. The distance between its front and back axles is 1.8 m. Its centre of gravity is 1.05 m behind
the front axle. Determine the force exerted by the level ground on each front wheel and each back wheel.

11. From a uniform disk of radius R, a circular hole of radius R/2 is cut out. The centre of the hole is at
R/2 from the centre of the original disc. Locate the centre of gravity of the resulting flat body.
 12.
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16.
17.
18.
CASE BASED QUESTIONS 4 MARKS
1. The force applied on a disc at a certain distance from the axis of rotation rotates the disc about its axis.The
physical quantity which is the product of the applied force & the perpendicular distance of the point of
application of the force from the axis of rotation is called torque.The torque acting on a disc on which
force acts at a distance r from the axis of rotation of the disc is given by
→→ →

τ = r x F
Now answer the following questions
i)SI unit of torque is
a) N m b) Nm-1 c) N d)N m2
ii)Dimensional formula for the torque is same as that of
a) linear momentum
b) Angular momentum
c) work
d) force
iii) The direction of torque on the disc is
a) along the direction of the applied force
b) along the plane of the disc
c) perpendicular to the plane of the disc
d) none of these
→

iv) A force F = mg 𝑗^ acts on aparticle whose position vector

→

Is r = x 𝑖^ +y𝑗^ .The direction of the torque acting on the particle is

a) along X axis
b) along Y axis
c) along negative X axis
d) along Z axis

2. Angular momentum is the rotational analogue of linear momentum. According to the law of the
conservation of angular momentum, the angular momentum of a body in the absence of external torque is
conserved. Angular momentum of a body about an axis of rotation is the product of moment of inertia &
angular velocity of the body.
 Now answer the following Questions:
i)The SI unit of angular momentum is
a)Nm b)kgm-1s-1 c)kg m2s-1 d)kg2m2s-1
ii)If there is no external torque acting on system of particles, which of the following will be constant?
a)Impulse b)Force c)Linear momentum d) Angular momentum
iii) An earth satellite is moving around the earth in circular orbit.In such case, which of the following is
conserved?
a)Velocity b)angular velocity c) angular momentum d)linear momentum
iv)A ballet dancer takes the advantage of
a) law of conservation of linear momentum
b) law of conservation of angular momentum
c) law of conservation of energy
d) law of inertia

3. Moment of inertia, in physics, quantitative measure of the rotational inertia of a body—i.e., the opposition
that the body exhibits to having its speed of rotation about an axis altered by the application of a torque
(turning force). A body at rest will remain at rest unless an outside torque acts on it, and a body in rotation
will remain in state of rotation unless acted upon by an outside torque. Moment of inertia is the rotational
analogy of mass in linear motion. It is measured by moment of mass about axis of rotation.
(i) What are the factors upon moment of inertia depends?
(ii) A hollow and solid sphere is rotating with uniform angular speed about the axes passing
through their centres. Which one will requires more torque to stop?
(iii) Two bodies of mass 1kg and 2kg are placed at a distance of 0.5m and 0.25m from the axes of
rotation. Which one will require more torque for their rotation?
(iv) If the whole mass of the solid sphere is concentrated at a distance x from the axis passing
through its centre, find the value of x
4. We know from our study of circular motion that the magnitude of linear velocity v of a particle moving in
a circle is related to the angular velocity of the particle co by the simple relation v=ωr, where r is the
radius of the circle.In vector form v= ω X r. We observe that at any given instant the relation v=ωr
applies to all particles of the rigid body. In rotational motion the concept of angular acceleration in
analogy with linear acceleration defined as the time rate of change of velocity in translational motion. We
define angular acceleration a as the time rate of change of angular velocity; Thus, a= dω/dt
The rotational analogue of force in linear motion is moment of force. It is also referred to as torque or
couple. (We shall use the words moment of force and torque interchangeably.)
 If a force acts on a single particle at a point P whose position with respect to the origin O is given by the
position vector r, the moment of the force acting on the particle with respect to the origin O is defined as
the vector product
τ = r x F, The moment of force (or torque) is a vector quantity. The symbol τ stands for the Greek Letter
tau. The magnitude of τ is τ = r F sin ϴ,Where r is the magnitude of the position vector r, i.e. The length
OP, F is the magnitude of force F and ϴ is the angle between r and F.
i) What is the analogy of torque in rotational motion?
ii) The direction of angular velocity vector is along
a) The tangent to circular path
b) The inward radius
c) The outward radius
d) The axis of rotation
iii) Find the torque of a force F=-3i +j+5k acting at appoint r = 7i+3j+k .
5. A disc rotating about its axis with angular speed wo is placed lightly (without any translational push) on a
perfectly friction less table. The radius of the disc is R.
(a)What are the linear velocities of the points A, B and C on the disc shown in Fig.?
(b)Will the disc roll in the direction indicated?
(c)Explain why friction is necessary to make the disc roll in the
direction indicated.
(d) Give the direction of frictional force at B, and the sense of
frictional torque, before perfect rolling begins.

6. Describe how torque is related to the concept of rotational work.

When a constant torque is applied to a flywheel at rest it angular velocity increases by 10 rad/s in 2 s:
Calculate the torque applied if the moment of inertia of the flywheel about the axis of rotation is 200kgm2

7. 2 mass of block 2kg and 4kg are attached to a stiffness spring100N/w. 2kg mass is given
velocity2m/s and 4kg to 4m/s in same direction.
Find maximum elongation in the spring during the motion of two blocks.
8. A thin uniform rod of mass M and length L, is hinged at it upper end and released from rest in a
horizontal position. The tension at a point located at a distance/3 from the hinge point, when the
becomes vertical will be?
9. Read the following passage and choose appropriate answers of questions 1 to 4.
The rotational analogue of force in linear motion is moment of force. It is also referred to as torque or couple. If a
force acts on a single particle at a point, whose position with respect to the origin is given by the position vector r,
the moment of the force acting on the particle with respect to the origin is defined as the vector product
τ=r×F
The moment of force (or torque) is a vector quantity.
The magnitude of torque is τ = r F sinɵ
Where rsinɵ is the perpendicular distance of the line of action of F from the origin and F sinɵ is the component of F
in the direction perpendicular to r. Note that τ = 0 if r = 0, F = 0 or ɵ =0 degree or 180 degree.
Thus, the moment of a force vanishes if either the magnitude of the force is zero, or if the line of action of the force
passes through the origin.

With the help of above comprehension, choose the most appropriate alternative for each of the following
questions:
i) If directions of both r and F are reversed, the direction of the moment of force
a. remains the same
b. Reverse in direction
 c. Becomes parallel to force applied.
d. Becomes parallel to position vector
ii). The dimensional formula of torque is same as that of
a. Angular momentum
b. Work
c. Momentum
d. Force
iii) Torque is maximum when the angle between F and r is
a. 0 degree
b. 180 degree
c. 90 degree
d. 360 degree
iv) . Wrench of longer arm is preferred because
a. It produces maximum force
b. It produces maximum torque.
c. It is easy to hold
d. Wrench of shorter arm is equally good.
10. Read the following passage and choose appropriate answers of questions 1 to 4.
The forces change the translational state of the motion of the rigid body, i.e. they change its total linear
momentum. But this is not the only effect the forces have. The total torque on the body may not vanish. Such a
torque changes the rotational state of motion of the rigid body, i.e. it changes the total angular momentum of the
body.

A rigid body is said to be in mechanical equilibrium, if both its linear momentum and angular momentum are not
changing with time, or equivalently, the body has neither linear acceleration nor angular acceleration. This means
(1) The total force, i.e. the vector sum of the forces, on the rigid body is zero;
∑ 𝐹=0 If the total force on
the body is zero, then the total linear momentum of the body does not change with time. This gives the
condition for the translational equilibrium of the body.
(2) The total torque, i.e. the vector sum of the torques on the rigid body is zero,
∑ 𝜏=0 If the total torque on
the rigid body is zero, the total angular momentum of the body does not change with time. This gives the
condition for the rotational equilibrium of the body. With the help of above comprehension, choose the most
appropriate alternative for each of the following questions:
i) Which of the following is NOT a condition for an object to be in static equilibrium?
a. The object is not moving.
b. It is in translational equilibrium.
c. It is in rotational equilibrium.
d. It is moving with constant velocity.
ii) The easiest way to open a heavy door is by applying the force
a. Near the hinges
b. In the middle of the door
c. At the edge of the door far from the hinges
d. Anywhere on the door.
iii) If a system is in translational equilibrium, it must have the conditions:
 a. ∑M=0
b. Constant acceleration
c. ∑F=0
d. Positive forces only
iv) The moment of a 50 N force 20 cm away from the pivot point will be...

a. 500 N
b. 20 Nm
c. 10 Nm
d. 15 Nm
11. Centre of Mass The centre of mass of a
body or a system of bodies is the point which moves as though all of the mass were concentrated there
and all external forces were applied to it. Hence, a point at which the entire mass of the body or system of
bodies is supposed to be concentrated is known as the centre of mass.
If a system consists of more than one particle (or bodies) and net external force on the system in a
particular direction is zero with centre of mass at rest. Then, the centre of mass will not move along that
direction. Even though some particles of the system may move along that direction.

(i) Two bodies of masses 1 kg and 2 kg are lying in xy-plane at (-1, 2) and (2, 4), respectively. What
are the coordinates of the centre of mass?
(a) 1, 10/3 (b) (1,0) (c) (0,1) (d) None of these

(ii) Two balls of same masses start moving towards each other due to gravitational attraction, if the
initial distance between them is L. Then, they meet at
 (a) L/2
(b) L
(c) L/3
(d) L/4

(iii) The centre of mass of a system of two particles divides, the distance between them
(a) in inverse ratio of square of masses of particles
(b) in direct ratio of square of masses of particles
(c) in inverse ratio of masses of particles
(d) in direct ratio of masses of particles

(iv) Two particles A and B initially at rest move towards each other under a mutual force of attraction.
At the instant, when the speed of A is v and the speed of B is 2v, the speed of centre of mass of the
system is
(a) zero (b) v (c) 1.5 v (d) 3v

(v) All the particles of a body are situated at a distance R from the origin. The distance of centre of
mass of the body from the origin is
(a) = R (b) ≤ R (c) > R (d) ≥ R

12.
LA ( 5MARKS)
1 i)A child stands at the centre of a turntable with his two arms outstretched. The turntable is set rotating
with an angular speed of 40 rev/min.How much is the angular speed of the child if he folds his hands back
& thereby reduces his moment of inertia to 2/5times the initialvalue?Assume that the turntable rotates
without friction.
ii)Show that the child’s new kinetic energy of rotation is more than the initial kinetic energy of
rotation.How do you account for this increase in kinetic energy?
2 i) Initial angular velocity of a circular disc of mass M is ω. Then two small spheres of mass m
are attached gently to two diametrically opposite points on the edge of the disc. What is the
final angular velocity of the disc?
ii) If earth were to shrink suddenly, what would happen to the length of the day?
3 (a) A child stands at the centre of a turntable with his arms outstretched. The turntable is set rotating with
an angular speed of 40 rev/min. How much is the angular speed of the child if he folds his hands back and
thereby reduces his moment of inertia to 2/5 times the initial value? Assume that the turntable rotates
without friction,
(b) Show that the child’s new kinetic energy of rotation is more than the initial kinetic energy of rotation.
How do you account of this increase in kinetic energy?
ANSWERS FOR MCQs

1. d. A bangle
2. c. Due to explosion , CM traces its path back to origin
3. b.Iacrobat increases
4. c.2/3m
5. d.The orientation of the axis of rotation remains same.
6. b.Ml2 /4
7. a.1:3
8. b. 531Nm
9. a.-25.5 rad/s2
10. b. Decrease
11. (d)
𝐿2 𝑟 2 𝐿2 𝐷2
𝐼 = 𝑀( + ) = 𝑀( + )
12 4 12 16
12. (b)
1
Rotational kinetic energy = 2 𝐼𝜔2 = 1500
1
⇒ × 1.2 × 𝜔2 = 1500
2
3000
⇒ 𝜔2 = ⇒ 𝜔 = 50 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
1.2

13. (b)
By doing so the distribution of mass can be made away from the axis of rotation
14. (c)
𝐾𝑅 𝐾 2 /𝑅 2 2/5
= 2 2
= = 2/7
𝐾𝑁 1 + 𝐾 /𝑅 1 + 2/5
15. (a)
𝑀𝐿2 0.12 × 12
𝐼= = = 0.01𝑘𝑔 − 𝑚2
12 12
16. (a)
17. Answer: OPTION A
True
Explanation: The assertion is correct. The moment of inertia of a body indeed depends on its shape and
mass distribution. Objects with more mass concentrated farther from the axis of rotation have higher
moments of inertia. The reason is also correct, as it provides a valid explanation for why the moment of
inertia is influenced by both shape and mass distribution.
18. Answer: OPTION A
True
Explanation: The assertion is correct. The angular momentum of an object is conserved when no external
torques act on it, according to the law of conservation of angular momentum. The reason is also correct.
Angular momentum depends on both moment of inertia and angular velocity, and any change in these
quantities will lead to a change in angular momentum, which is why it is conserved in the absence of
external torques
19. (d)
𝐢̂ 𝐣̂ 𝐤 ̂
𝐋 = 𝐫 × 𝐏 = |1 2 −1|
3 4 −2
𝐋 = 𝐢̂(−4 + 4) − 𝐣̂(−2 + 3) + 𝐤 ̂ (4 − 6) = −𝐣̂ − 2𝐤 ̂
𝐋 has components along – 𝑦 axis and – 𝑧 axis.
The angular momentum is in 𝑦 − 𝑧 plane 𝑖𝑒., perpendicular to 𝑥-axis.
20. (b)
Moment of inertia of the system about the centre of plane is given by
2 2
𝐼 = [ × 1 × (0.1)2 + 1 × (1)2 ] + [ × 2 × (0.1)2 + 2 × (1)2 ]
5 5
2 2
+ [ × 3 × (0.1)2 + 3 × (1)2 ] + [ × 4 × (0.1)2 + 4 × (1)2 ]
5 5
= 1.004 + 2.008 + 3.012 + 4.016
= 10.04 kg − m2
21. Zero torque
 22. May lie within or outside the body.
23. Effective inertial mass of extended body.
24. Moment of inertia.
25. The distance from the axis of a mass point whose mass is equal to the mass of the whole body and
whose
moment of inertia is equal to the moment of inertia of the body about axis.
26. 2m/3
27. Conservation of angular momentum
28. Kinetic energy remains constant and angular momentum increases.
29. K
30. Option A
31. (a)
32. (a)
33. (a)
34. (d)
35. (d)
36. ( c)
37. (c)
38. (d)
39. (b)
40. (c)
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
ANSWERS FOR VSA ( 2 MARKS)
1 A hard-boiled egg spins much faster & for longer time than a raw egg.This is on account of the fact that
the hard boiled egg revolves as one piece.But in a raw egg, on account of inertia, the liquid contents do
not start rotating as soon as the egg is made to spin.These liquid contents retard the motion of the solid
shell of the egg & thus acts like a brake. Further the viscous forces acting in the liquid contents of the raw
egg are also responsible for reducing its spinning motion.
2 As mass of hollow sphere is distributed away from the axis of rotation, so moment of inertia of hollow
sphere is larger than that of solid sphere.

3 x=Σmixi/ Σmi=(1x0+2x1+3x0.5)/6 = 7/12

y=Σmiyi/ Σmi=(1x0+2x0+3x√3/2 )/6 = √3/4
4 Finding the coordinate of centre of mass X-coordinate= 7/6
Y-coordinate= -3/2
2 2
5 Moment of inertia (I) = MR = 0.4kgm
Angular Momentum(L)= I𝜔 =28π units
6 A single force is applied with the help of one finger. And, two forces in the opposite direction is applied
with the help of two fingers. Rotational motion produced by a single force is less than two equal and
opposite forces. Therefore, it is easy to open the cap with the help of two fingers rather than one finger.
7 The "center of mass" of a system of particles is a point where the total mass of the system is considered to
be concentrated. It moves like a single particle under external forces.
 The motion of the center of mass provides insights into the system's overall behavior, and internal forces
don't affect it. The total linear momentum of the system is the product of its total mass and the velocity of
the center of mass.
8 The ring reaches the bottom of the inclined plane first.
We know that

and Therefore,
The greater moment of inertia of the ring means that it has a larger rotational inertia to overcome, leading
to a slower acceleration. As a consequence of their different moments of inertia, the disc reaches the
bottom of the inclined plane first because it accelerates more quickly compared to the ring.
9

10 For a body in translation equilibrium the vector sum of all the forces acting on the body must be
equal to zero.
11 L = r x p
12 Must not accelerate and may move.
13
Equating the torque about the center of mass we have
F×r=Iα
30×0.4=mr^2×α
or
30×0.4=3×0.4×0.4×α
α=25rad/s^2.

14 Total Kinetic energy,

15
We know,
KErotational=(1/2) I ω^2
 Here,
10 =(1/2)(5) ω^2
⇒ω^2=4⇒ω=2 rad/s
We know,
L=Iω=(5)(2)=10J.S

ANSWERS FOR SA ( 3 MARKS)

1.
i.e the rate of change of angular momentum is the torque applied
to it. This is similar to force equal to rate of change of linear
momentum,
c) Motion of earth around the sun

2. a) 9o°
b)

c) When a person is high up on the ladder, ‘r’ is large and hence even a sm all force can make the ladder
fall. When a person just begins to climb r is small, heavy force is required to make the ladder fall.
3. Let v1 be the velocity of COM of cylinder and w be its angular velocity.
Let C be the position of instantaneous axis of rotation.
2v=w (CB) ⟹ 2v=(2R−x)w ...........(a)
v=xw ............(b)
2(wx) =(2R−x)w⟹ x=2R/3
//

Also there is no slipping at A and B.

Thus 2v=v1+Rw and v=Rw−v1Eliminating v1,
we get w=3v/2R
4.
if 36.90=θ,then53.10= 90–θ
For horizontal equilibrium T1 sinθ=T2cosθ
Or T2=T1 tanθ
For rotational equilibrium
T1cos θ d = T2sin θ (2-d)
T1d=T2tan θ (2-θ)
T1d=T1tan2θ(2- θ)
2 - d/d=I /tan2θ= 1/tan236.90 =16/9
Simplifying we get d = 18/25 =0.72m(Ans)
5. Mass= constant
Or,Vρ=constant
 Or,πr2hρ=constant
Or, r2ρ=constant
Or, r2 α 1/ ρ
I1/I2= ρ2/ ρ1
Hence moment of inertia of disc of low density will be more.
6. a. Centroid
b. Let mass per unit area of the original disc=σ
Thus mass of original disc=M=σπR2
Radius of smaller disc=R/2.
Thus mass of the smaller disc=σπ(R/2) 2=M/4
After the smaller disc has been cut from the original, the remaining portion is considered to be a
system of two masses.
The two masses are: M(concentrated at O), and -M(=M/4) concentrated at O'
(The negative sign indicates that this portion has been removed from the original disc.)
Let x be the distance through which the centre of mass of the remaining portion shifts from point
O.
The relation between the centres of masses of two masses is given as:
X=(m1r1+m2 r2)/ (m1 +m2)
=(M×0−(M/4)×(R/2)) / (M−M/4)=−R/6
(The negative sign indicates that the centre of mass gets shifted toward the left of point O)
7. Let 𝑟⃗ = y 𝑗⃗ and 𝑣⃗ = x 𝑖⃗
Now, 𝐿 ⃗⃗ =m ( 𝑟⃗ X 𝑣⃗ )
=m ( y 𝑗⃗ X x 𝑖⃗ )
= -myx 𝑘 ⃗⃗
Now, d 𝐿 ⃗⃗/dt = 0
So, L = Constant
8. P= M Vcm
Differentiate with respect to time
dp/dt= d/dt( M Vcm)
or, dp/dt= M d/dt( Vcm)
or, dp/dt= M acm----------------(1)
From centre of mass concept , we know that
M acm = net external force= Fext------------(2)
From eqs (1 ) and (2) we have,
Fext= dp/dt
It describes Newtons 2nd law of Motion.
9. Mass of the cylinder, m= 20 kg

Angular speed, = 100 rad

Radius of the cylinder, r= 0.25 m
The moment of inertia of the solid cylinder:

10.
Mass of car m=1800kg

Distance between front and back axles d=1.8m

Distance between center of gravity and front axle=1.05m

Let Rb and Rf be the forces exerted by the level ground on the back and front wheels respectively.

At translational equilibrium:

Rf + Rb = mg = 17640 N

For rotational equilibrium, on taking the torque about the C.G., we have:
Rf (1.05)=Rb(1.8−1.05)

⟹Rb=1.4Rf.......(ii)

Solving (i) and (ii) gives

Rf=7350 N

Rb=10290 N

The force exerted on each front wheel =7350/2=3675 N

The force exerted on each back wheel =10290/2=5145N
11. Let from a bigger uniform disc of radius R with centre O a smaller circular hole of radius R/2 with its
centre at O1 (where R OO1 = R/2) is cut out. Let centre of gravity or the centre of mass of remaining flat
body be at O2, where OO2 = x. If σ be mass per unit area, then mass of whole disc M1 = πR2σ and mass of
cut out part.

i.e., O2 is at a distance R/6 from centre of disc on diametrically opposite side to centre of hole.

12.

ANSWERS FOR CBQ ( 4 MARKS)

1. i) a) N m
ii) c) work
iii) c)perpendicular to the plane of the disc
iv) d)along Z axis
2. i) c)kg m2s-1
ii) d) Angular momentum
iii) c) angular momentum
iv) b) law of conservation of angular momentum
3. i) Density of the body, shape and size and perpendicular distance of the body from the axis of
rotation
ii) I hollow= 2/3 MR2 , I solid= 2/5 MR2 I hollow > I solid So, hollow sphere will require more torque
to stop.
iii) I1= m1r12 , I2= m2r22 , From calculation I1 > I2 So, 1kg mass will require more torque for
rotation.
2𝑟
iv) I solid= 2/5 MR2 =mx2 So, x = √ 5

4. i) Force
ii) The axis of rotation
iii) τ = r x F=𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 7 3 1 − 3 1 5 = 14i -38j +16k
5.

(c)To roll a disc, we require a torque, which can be provided only by a tangential force. As force of
friction is the only tangential force in this case, it is necessary.
(d)As frictional force at B opposes the velocity of point B, which is to the left, the frictional force must be
to the right. The sense of frictional torque will be perpendicular to the plane of the disc and outwards.
6. Torque is a measure of the tendency of a force to rotate an object around a specific axis or pivot point. It
is a vector quantity
The work done (W) in rotating an object can be calculated using the formula: W = τ * θ
a =( ω − ω0)t , t=(10-0)/2 = 5rads-2 , τ = I α =200X 5=1000Nm
7. 2/5√3
8. 2mg
9.
10.
11.
12.
KEY 5 MARKS
1 i) I1ω1= I2ω2
IX40 =2I ω2/5
ω2 =100rev/min
ii)E1/E2=(1/2) I1ω12/(1/2) I2ω22
=IX402/0.4IX1002=2/5
Or, E2/E1=5/2
Hence the new K.E. is 2.5 times the initial K.E. of rotation.The child uses his internal energy to increase
his rotational K.E.
2 i) L1=L2
I1ω1=I1ω2
MR2/2 ω1 = (MR2/2 + mR2 + mR2 )ω2
ω1M /2 =(M+4m) /2 ω2
/2 //

ω2= M/(M+4m) ω1
ii) When earth shrinks, the moment of inertia (I= 2/5MR2) decreases about its own axis due to
decrease in radius. To conserve angular momentum (L=Iw=I. 2 π/T), Time period decreases.
So the length of the day will decreases
3