Basic Grammar and Writing Skills For Business

SPELLING
ANSWERS:
1.AMBIGUOUS
- Having multiple meanings
or interpretations
ANSWERS:
2. PARADOX
-a statement or proposition that
despite the sound reasoning
from acceptable premises that
leads to a conclusion that seems
senseless, unacceptable or self-
contradictory
ANSWERS:
3. RESILIENCE
-The capacity to recover
quickly from difficulties
ANSWERS:
4. Rendezvous
-a meeting at an agreed time
and place
ANSWERS:
5. Mesdames
- Plural form of Madame.
ANSWERS:
6. Noob
-Synonym of newbie;
- A person who is
inexperienced in a particular
sphere
ANSWERS:
7. AGILE
- Able to move quickly and
easily
ANSWERS:
8. NARRATOR
-A person who narrates
something
ANSWERS:
9. BUREAUCRACY
- A system of government in
which most are made by state
officials rather than elected
representatives
ANSWERS:
10. IDIOMS
- A group of words whose

meaning is different from the
meaninhs of the individual
words
CITY COLLEGE OF ORMOC
Basic Grammar and Writing

Skills for Business
Joramay L. Morales
Instructor
Learning Outcome:
Develop fundamental grammar and writing skills necessary

for effective business communication.
Objective
a. To understand the Subject-verb agreement; and
b. To know the sentence structure and types of
sentences
1. If the subject is singular, the verb must
be singular too.
Example: She writes every day.
Subject-Verb Exception: When using the singular

Agreement "they," use plural verb forms.
Example: The participant expressed
satisfaction with their
job. They are currently in a managerial
role at the organization.
2. If the subject is plural, the verb must
also be plural.
Example: They write every day.
Subject-Verb 3. When the subject of the sentence is

Agreement composed of two or more nouns or
pronouns connected by and, use a plural
verb.
Example: The doctoral student and the
committee members write every day.
4. When there is one subject and more than
one verb, the verbs throughout the sentence
must agree with the subject.
Subject-Verb Example: Interviews are one way to collect

data and allow researchers to gain an in-
Agreement depth understanding of participants.
Example: An assumption is something that

is generally accepted as true and is an
important consideration when conducting a
doctoral study.
5. When a phrase comes between the subject and
the verb, remember that the verb still agrees with
the subject, not the noun or pronoun in the phrase
following the subject of the sentence.
Example: The student, as well as the committee
Subject-Verb members, is excited.
Example: The student with all the master’s
Agreement degrees is very motivated.
Example: Strategies that the teacher uses to
encourage classroom participation include using
small groups and clarifying expectations.
Example: The focus of the interviews was nine
purposively selected participants.
6. When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are
connected by "or" or "nor," use a singular verb.
Example: The chairperson or the
CEO approves the proposal before proceeding.
Subject-Verb 7. When a compound subject contains both a
Agreement
singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by
"or" or "nor," the verb should agree with the part of
the subject that is closest to the verb. This is also
called the rule of proximity.
Example: The student or the committee
members write every day.
Example: The committee members or the
student writes every day.
8. The words and phrases "each," "each one,"
"either," "neither," "everyone," "everybody,"
"anyone," "anybody," "nobody," "somebody,"
"someone," and "no one" are singular and
require a singular verb.
Subject-Verb Examples:
Agreement Each of the participants was willing to be

recorded.
Neither alternative hypothesis was accepted.
I will offer a Php 600 gift card
to everybody who participates in the study.
No one was available to meet with me at the
preferred times.
9. Noncount nouns take a singular verb.
Examples:
Subject-Verb
Education is the key to success.
Diabetes affects many people around the
Agreement world.
The information obtained from the
business owners was relevant to include in
the study.
The research I found on the
topic was limited.
10. Some countable nouns in English such
as earnings, goods, odds, surroundings, proceeds,
contents, and valuables only have a plural form and
take a plural verb.
Subject-Verb Examples:
Agreement
The earnings for this quarter exceed expectations.
The proceeds from the sale go to support the

homeless population in the city.
Locally produced goods have the advantage of

shorter supply chains.
11. In sentences beginning with "there is" or
"there are," the subject follows the verb.
Since "there" is not the subject, the verb
agrees with what follows the verb.
Subject-Verb
Agreement Examples:
There is little administrative support.
There are many factors affecting teacher
retention.
12. Collective nouns are words that imply
more than one person but are considered
singular and take a singular verb. Some
examples are "group," "team," "committee,"
Subject-Verb "family," and "class.
Agreement Example:
The group meets every week.
The committee agrees on the quality of the
writing.
– However, the plural verb is used if the
focus is on the individuals in the group.
This is much less common.
Example:
Subject-Verb The committee participate in various
Agreement volunteer activities in their private lives.
– However, the plural verb is used if the
focus is on the individuals in the group.
This is much less common.
Example:
Subject-Verb The committee participate in various
Agreement volunteer activities in their private lives.
https://youtu.be/kKtj_a-
ETw4?list=PLM7NbPzilFBeeDxY5mCV-
m2lxQoIOA0BS
Subject-Verb
Agreement
RECAP ( ACTIVITY)
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. IDENTIFY THE ACTION (VERB) AND THE SUBJECT.

2. USE IT IN THE SENTENCE.
3. REPORT AND ASSIGN A REPORTER.
20 PTS
Light bulb on yellow background with sketched light beams and cord
QUIZ
Sentence Structure and
Types of Sentences
1. Independent clause: An independent
clause can stand alone as a sentence. It
Definitions and contains a subject and a verb and is a
complete idea.
Examples of •I like spaghetti.
Basic Sentence •He reads many books.
Elements 2. Dependent clause: A dependent clause is

not a complete sentence. It must be attached
to an independent clause to become
complete. This is also known as a subordinate
clause.
•Although I like spaghetti,…
•Because he reads many books,…
3. Subject: A person, animal, place, thing, or
concept that does an action. Determine the
Definitions and subject in a sentence by asking the question
“Who or what?”
Basic Sentence •He reads many books.
Elements 4. Verb: Expresses what the person, animal,

place, thing, or concept does. Determine the
verb in a sentence by asking the question
“What was the action or what happened?”
•I like spaghetti.
•He reads many books.
5. Object: A person, animal, place, thing, or concept
that receives the action. Determine the object in a
Definitions and sentence by asking the question “The subject did

what?” or “To whom?/For whom?”

•He reads many books.
Basic Sentence 6. Prepositional Phrase: A phrase that begins with a
Elements preposition (i.e., in, at for, behind, until, after, of, during)
and modifies a word in the sentence. A prepositional
phrase answers one of many questions. Here are a few
examples: “Where? When? In what way?”
•I like spaghetti for dinner.
•He reads many books in the library.
The following statements are true about sentences in
English:
a. A new sentence begins with a capital letter.

• He obtained his degree.
b. A sentence ends with punctuation (a period, a question mark, or
an exclamation point).
c. A sentence contains a subject that is only given once.
• Smith he obtained his degree.
d. A sentence contains a verb or a verb phrase.
e. A sentence follows Subject + Verb + Object word order. ENGLISH
• He (subject) obtained (verb) his degree (object).
f. A sentence must have a complete idea that stands alone. This is SENTENCE
STRUCTURE
also called an independent clause.
Simple Sentences
– A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb, and it may also have
an object and modifiers. However, it contains only one independent
clause.
– Key: Yellow, bold = subject; green underline = verb, blue, italics =
object, pink, regular font =prepositional phrase
– Here are a few examples:
• She wrote.
• She completed her literature review.
• He organized his sources by theme.
• They studied APA rules for many hours.
Compound Sentences
– Sentence types can also be combined. A compound-complex sentence contains at least two
independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
– Key: independent clause = yellow, bold; comma or semicolon = pink, regular font;
coordinating conjunction = green, underlined; dependent clause = blue, italics
• She completed her literature review, but she still needs to work on her methods
section even though she finished her methods course last semester.
• Although he organized his sources by theme, he decided to arrange them
chronologically, and he carefully followed the MEAL plan for organization.
• They studied APA rules for many hours, and they decided that writing in APA made
sense because it was clear, concise, and objective.
Compound Sentences
• Using some complex-compound sentences in writing allows for more sentence variety.
• Pay close attention to comma usage in complex-compound sentences so that the reader is
easily able to follow the intended meaning.
Questions?

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SPELLING

- A group of words whose

Basic Grammar and Writing

Develop fundamental grammar and writing skills necessary

Subject-Verb Exception: When using the singular

Subject-Verb 3. When the subject of the sentence is

Subject-Verb Example: Interviews are one way to collect

Example: An assumption is something that

Subject-Verb 7. When a compound subject contains both a

Agreement Each of the participants was willing to be

The proceeds from the sale go to support the

Locally produced goods have the advantage of

1. IDENTIFY THE ACTION (VERB) AND THE SUBJECT.

Elements 2. Dependent clause: A dependent clause is

Elements 4. Verb: Expresses what the person, animal,

Definitions and sentence by asking the question “The subject did

Examples of •I like spaghetti.

Basic Sentence 6. Prepositional Phrase: A phrase that begins with a

a. A new sentence begins with a capital letter.

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