Design of Shaft PDF
Design of Shaft PDF
Design of Shaft PDF
From power and rpm find the torque (T), which gives rise to shear stress.
From Torque (T) and diameter (d), find F t = 2T/d. From Ft and pressure
angles of gears you can find F r and Fa.
Fr and Ft are orthogonal to each other and are both transverse forces to
the shaft axis, which will give rise to normal bending stress in the shaft.
When shaft rotates, bending stress changes from tensile to compressive
and then compressive to tensile, ie, completely reversing state of stress.
Fa will give rise to normal axial stress in the shaft.
Loads on shaft due to pulleys
Pulley torque (T) = Difference in belt
tensions in the tight (t1) and slack (t2)
sides of a pulley times the radius (r), ie
T = (t1-t2)xr
Left pulley torque
T1 = (7200-2700)x380=1,710,000 N-mm
FV2
Right pulley has exactly equal and
opposite torque:
T2 = (6750-2250)x380=1,710,000 N-mm
T1 T2 FH
900N 9900N
From Horizontal forces (F H) and vertical
forces (Fv), Bending moments MH & MV are FV
drawn separately.
Then the resultant moments at various 911,250 MV
points on the shaft can be found from
2,227,500
M R = M H2 + M V2
M R = M H2 + M V2
The section of shaft where the left pulley
is located has obviously the highest 2,227,500
2,406,685
combination of Torque (1,710,000 N-mm)
Resultant bending moment
and Bending moment (2,406,685 N-mm)
Power, toque & speed
For linear motion:
Power = F.v (force x velocity)
For rotational motion
Power P = Torque x angular velocity
= T (in-lb).w (rad/sec) in-lb/sec
= T.(2 p n/60) in-lb/sec [n=rpm]
= T.(2 p n/(60*12*550)) HP [HP=550 ft-lb/sec]
= T.n/63,025 HP
or, T= 63,025HP/n (in-lb), where n = rpm
Similarly, T= 9,550,000kW/n (N-mm), where n = rpm
Shear (t) and bending (s) stresses on the outer surface of
a shaft, for a torque (T) and bending moment (M)
T T d 16T
t = r= =
J (p d / 32) 2 p d 3
4
M M do 32 M 32 M di
s= r= = d = where, =
(p (d 04 − d i4 ) / 64) 2 p (d 04 − d i4 ) p d 03 (1 − 4 )
o
I do
Principal Normal Stresses and Max Distortion Energy
Failure criterion for non-rotating shafts
The stress at a point on the shaft is normal stress
(s) in X direction and shear stress (t) in XY plane.
s s s s
2 2
S1 = + + t 2 and S 2 = − + t 2
2 2 2 2
Max Distortion Energy theory:
2
S yp
S + S − S1 S 2
2 2
1 2 N
fs
Putting values of S1 & S2 and simplifying:
2
S yp
s + 3t
2 2
This is the design
N fs equation for non
rotating shaft
Design of rotating shafts and fatigue consideration
The most frequently encountered stress situation for a
rotating shaft is to have completely reversed bending and
steady torsional stress. In other situations, a shaft may
have a reversed torsional stress along with reversed
bending stress.