INTRODUCTION 27 FEB 04 161

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

MANDATORY INSTRUCTION SIGNS

Application
A mandatory instruction sign identifies a location beyond which an aircraft taxiing shall not proceed unless
authorized by ATC. At uncontrolled airports, use appropriate precautions prior to proceeding. Mandatory
instruction signs may include runway designation signs, category I, II or III holding position signs, runway-
holding postion signs and NO ENTRY signs. Runway-holding position markings are supplemented at a
taxiway/runway or a runway/runway intersection with a runway designation sign. A runway designation sign at
a taxiway/runway intersection or a runway/runway intersection will be supplemented with a location sign in the
outboard (farthest from the taxiway) position, as appropriate. A NO ENTRY sign is provided when entry into an
area is prohibited.

Location
A runway designation sign at a taxiway/runway intersection or a runway/runway intersection will be located on
each side of the runway-holding position marking facing into the direction of approach to the runway. A
category I, II or III holding position sign will be located on each side of the runway-holding position marking
facing into the direction of the approach to the critical area. A runway-holding position sign will be located on
each side of the runway-holding position facing the approach to the obstacle limitation surface or ILS/MLS
critical/sensitive area, as appropriate.

Characteristics
Mandatory instruction signs have a red background, with white inscriptions. The inscriptions on a runway
designation sign will consist of the runway designations of the intersecting runway properly oriented to the
viewing direction. The inscriptions on a category I, II or III or joint II/III holding position sign will consist of the
runway designator followed by CAT I, CAT II or CAT III as appropriate. The inscriptions on a runway-holding
position sign will consist of the taxiway designation and a number.

LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE

LOCATION/RUNWAY DESIGNATION RUNWAY DESIGNATION/LOCATION

RUNWAY-HOLDING POSITION RUNWAY DESIGNATION/

CATEGORY II HOLDING POSTION
NO ENTRY

LOCATION/RUNWAY DESIGNATION RUNWAY DESIGNATION/LOCATION

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162 27 FEB 04 INTRODUCTION

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

INFORMATION SIGNS

Application
An information sign identifies a specific location or routing. Information signs include: direction, location,
destination, runway exit and runway vacated signs. A runway exit sign is provided to identify a runway exit. A
runway vacated sign is provided where the exit taxiway has no centerline lights and there is a need to indicate
leaving the runway, the ILS/MLS critical/sensitive area. A destination sign indicates the direction to a specific
destination, such as cargo, general aviation, etc. A combined location and direction sign indicates routing
information prior to a taxiway intersection. A direction sign identifies the designation and direction at a taxiway
intersection. A location sign is provided in conjunction with a runway designation sign except at a
runway/runway intersection.

Location
Information signs are located on the left-hand side of the taxiway in line with the taxiway intersection marking.
Where there is no taxiway intersection marking the sign is installed at least 40m away from the centerline of the
intersecting taxiway. A runway exit sign is located on the same side of the runway as the exit is located (i.e. left
or right). A runway vacated sign is located at least on one side of the taxiway.

Characteristics
An information sign other than a location sign consists of an inscription in black on a yellow background. A
location sign consists of an inscription in yellow on a black background. A runway exit sign consists of the exit
taxiway designator and an arrow indicating the direction to follow. A runway vacated sign depicts the runway-
holding position marking as shown in the example in Pattern A in the example under "Runway-Holding Position
Markings". The inscriptions on a destination sign comprise an alpha, alphanumerical or numerical message
identifying the destination plus an arrow indicating the direction to proceed. The inscriptions on a direction sign
comprise an alpha, alphanumerical message identifying the taxiway(s) plus an arrow or arrows appropriately
oriented as shown in the example. The inscriptions on a location sign comprise the destination of the location
taxiway, runway or other pavement the aircraft is on or is entering.
Note: Generally, signs should be lighted if the runway or taxiway on which they are installed is lighted.
LEFT SIDE RIGHT SIDE

DIRECTION/LOCATION/DIRECTION

LOCATION/DIRECTION DESTINATION

LOCATION/RUNWAY VACATED RUNWAY VACATED/LOCATION

RUNWAY EXIT RUNWAY EXIT

LOCATION DIRECTION/LOCATION/DIRECTION/DIRECTION

DIRECTION/DIRECTION/DIRECTION/LOCATION/DIRECTION/DIRECTION/DIRECTION

INTERSECTION TAKE-OFF

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 INTRODUCTION 27 FEB 04 163

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

MANDATORY INSTRUCTION MARKINGS

Application
Where it is impracticable to install a mandatory instruction sign a mandatory instruction marking is provided on
the surface of the pavement. Where operationally required, such as on taxiways exceeding 60m in width, a
mandatory instruction sign may be supplemented by a mandatory instruction marking.

Location
The mandatory instruction marking is located on the left-hand side of the taxiway center line marking on the
holding side of the runway-holding position marking.

Characteristics
Mandatory instruction markings consist of an inscription in white on a red background. Except for a NO ENTRY
marking, the inscription provides information identical to that of the associated mandatory instruction sign. A
NO ENTRY marking consists of an inscription in white reading NO ENTRY on a red background.

To runway '09'

1 m mnm

1 m mnm

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164 27 FEB 04 INTRODUCTION

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

RUNWAY-HOLDING POSITION MARKINGS

Application and Location

Runway-holding position markings are located at runway holding positions.

Characteristics
At an intersection of a taxiway and a non-precision, non-instrument or take-off runway or where a single
runway-holding position is provided at an intersection of a taxiway and a precision approach category I, II, or III
runway, the runway-holding position marking will be as shown as in pattern A. Where two or three runway-
holding positions are provided at such an intersection, the runway-holding position marking closer to the
runway will be as shown as in pattern A, and the markings farther from the runway as in pattern B. Where a
pattern B runway-holding position marking exceeds 60m in length, the term CAT II or CAT III as appropriate will
be marked on the surface at the ends of the runway-holding position marking. The runway-holding position
marking displayed at a runway/runway intersection will be perpendicular to the centerline of the runway forming
part of the standard taxiroute. The runway-holding position marking will be shown as in pattern B.

Pattern A Pattern B

INTERMEDIATE HOLDING POSITION MARKINGS

Application and Location

An intermediate holding position marking is displayed at an intersection of two paved taxiways. It is positioned
across the taxiway coincident with a stop bar or intermediate holding position lights, where provided.

Characteristics
An intermediate holding position marking consists of a single broken yellow line.

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 30 DEC 05 INTRODUCTION 165

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

STOP BARS

APPLICATION
A stop bar is provided at every runway-holding posi-
tion when it is intended that the runway will be used
in RVR conditions less than 350m or between 350m
and 550m. A stop bar will be provided at an interme-
diate holding position to supplement markings with
lights or where normal stop bar lights might be ob-
scured.

LOCATION
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Stop bars are located across the taxiway at the point
where it is desired that traffic stop. Additional lights
may be provided at the taxiway edge.

CHARACTERISTICS
Stop bars consist of lights spaced at intervals across
the taxiway, showing red in the intended direction of
approach to the intersection or runway-holding posi-
tion. Stop bars installed at a runway-holding position
will be unidirectional, showing red in the direction of
approach to the runway.

RUNWAY GUARD LIGHTS

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APPLICATION
Runway guard lights, configuration A, are located at
each taxiway/runway intersection associated with a
runway intended for use in:
RVR conditions less than 550m where a stop bar is
not installed; and
RUNWAY MARKINGS
RVR conditions between 550m and 1200m where Runway markings are white.
traffic density is medium or low.
Configuration A or B or both will be provided at each
taxiway/runway intersection where the configuration
of the intersection needs to be enhanced, such as
on a wide throat taxiway.

LOCATION
Runway guard lights, configuration A, are located at
each side of a taxiway, whereas in configuration B
they are located across the taxiway.

CHARACTERISTICS
Runway guard lights are unidirectional flashing yel-
low lights.

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166 INTRODUCTION 30 DEC 05

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

THRESHOLD MARKINGS RUNWAY CENTERLINE MARKINGS

APPLICATION AND LOCATION APPLICATION AND LOCATION

Threshold markings are provided at the threshold of A runway centerline marking is provided on a paved
a paved instrument and non-instrument runway in- runway along the centerline.
tended for use by international commercial air trans-
port. CHARACTERISTICS

CHARACTERISTICS Runway centerline markings consist of a line of uni-

formly spaced stripes and gaps. Stripes are normal-
Runway threshold markings consist of a pattern of ly 30m long, gaps 20m long.
longitudinal stripes of uniform dimensions disposed
symmetrically about the centerline of a runway. The
number of stripes shall be in accordance with the HIGH SPEED TAXIWAY TURN-OFF
runway width as follows: INDICATOR LIGHTS (HSTIL)
RUNWAY WIDTH NUMBER OF ICAO term is Rapid Exit Taxiway Indicator Lights
STRIPES (RETIL)

18m 4 APPLICATION
23m 6 HSTIL should be provided on a runway intended for
use in RVR conditions less than 350m and/or where
30m 8 traffic density is heavy.

45m 12
LOCATION
60m 16 A set of HSTIL shall be located on the runway on the
same side of the runway centerline as the associat-
Where a runway designator is placed within a ed high speed turn-off taxiway, in the configuration
threshold marking, there will be a minimum of three shown below.
stripes on each side of the runway centerline.
Stripes are at least 30m long.
CHARACTERISTICS

RUNWAY DESIGNATION MARKINGS HSTIL are fixed unidirectional yellow lights, aligned
so as to be visible to the pilot of a landing airplane in
the direction of approach to the runway.
APPLICATION AND LOCATION
Runway designation markings are located at the
thresholds of a paved runway.

CHARACTERISTICS
Runway designation markings consists of a two-digit
number located at the threshold. On parallel run-
ways each runway designation number is supple-
mented by a letter in the order from left to right when
viewed from the direction of approach.

3RLQW RI
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P P P

P

5(7,/V
P
P ODWHUDO
VSDFLQJ P

P
5XQZD\ FHQWHUOLQH

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 INTRODUCTION 27 FEB 04 167

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE MARKINGS

Application
A touchdown zone marking is provided in the touchdown zone of a paved precision approach runway and and
non-precision approach runway or non-instrument runway where additional identification of the touchdown
zone is required.

Location and Characteristics

A touchdown zone marking shall consist of pairs of rectangular markings symmetrically disposed about the
runway centerline with the number of pairs related to the landing distance available (LDA).
A touchdown zone marking shall conform to either of the two runway patterns shown below.

LDA or DISTANCE BETWEEN THRESHOLDS PAIR(S) of MARKINGS

Less than 900m 1
Less than 1200m but not less than 900m 2
Less than 1500m but not less than 1200m 3
Less than 2400m but not less than 1500m 4
2400m or more 6

RUNWAY AIMING POINT MARKINGS

Application
An aiming point marking will be provided at each approach end of a paved instrument or non-instrument
runway.

Location and Characteristics

An aiming point marking consists of two conspicuous stripes in conformity with the dimensions shown for the
runway patterns in the example shown under "Runway Touchdown Zone and Aiming Point Markings".

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168 27 FEB 04 INTRODUCTION

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE AND AIMING POINT MARKINGS

(continued)

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 INTRODUCTION 27 FEB 04 169

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

RUNWAY SIDE STRIPE MARKING

Application
Runway side stripe markings are provided between the thresholds of a paved runway where there is lack of
contrast between the runway edges and the shoulders. Runway side stripe markings are provided on precision
approach runways.

Location and Characteristics

Runway side stripe markings consist of two stripes, one placed along each edge of the runway no more than
30m from the runway centerline regardless of the runway width.

DISPLACED THRESHOLD MARKINGS

CLOSED RUNWAYS, TAXIWAYS OR PARTS THEREOF

Application and Location

A closed marking will be displayed at each end of a runway or portion thereof, declared permanently closed to
use by all aircraft. Additionally, markings are placed so that the maximum interval between the markings does
not exceed 300m. On a taxiway, a closed marking shall be placed at least at each end of a taxiway or portion
thereof that is closed.

Characteristics
The closed marking is shaped like a cross. The marking is white when displayed on a runway and yellow when
displayed on a taxiway.

NON LOAD-BEARING SURFACES

The boundary between load-bearing surfaces and non load-bearing surfaces, such as shoulders for taxiways,
holding bays, aprons and other non load-bearing surfaces which, if used, might result in damage to the aircraft
are indicated by a taxi side stripe. This marking consists of a pair of solid lines the same color as the taxiway
centerline marking.

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170 27 FEB 04 INTRODUCTION

ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

PRE-THRESHOLD AREA MARKING (CHEVRON MARKING)

When the paved surface prior to the threshold exceeds 60m in length and is not suitable for use by aircraft, the
entire length will be marked with a chevron marking (preferably yellow) pointing in the direction of the runway
threshold.

THRESHOLD
PRE-THRESHOLD AREA

RUNWAY
CENTERLINE

END OF ICAO RECOMMENDED AIRPORT SIGNS, RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

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