Mass & Balance Mass & Balance

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Mass & Balance

01 Purpose Of Mass And Balance Considerations
1. Q(2695) At maximum certificated take-off mass an aeroplane departs from an airfield which is not limiting for either take-off or landing masses.
During initial climb the number one engine suffers a contained disintegration. An emergency is declared and the aeroplane returns to departure
airfield for an immediate landing. The most likely result of this action will be
A. a landing further along the runway than normal.

B. a landing short resultant from the increased angle of approach due to the very high aeroplane mass.
C. a high threshold speed and a shorter stop distance.
D. a high threshold speed and possible undercarriage or other structural failure.
2. Q(6121) The effect of operating an aeroplane with a CG too far forward is to experience:
A. Lower stalling speed.

B. Inability or difficulty in trimming when flaps are retracted.
C. Lower stick forces per G loading.
D. Inability or difficulty in flaring on touchdown, resulting in nosewheel landing first.
3. Q(4485) An additional baggage container is loaded into the aft cargo compartment but is not entered into the load and trim sheet. The aeroplane
will be heavier than expected and calculated take-off safety speeds
A. will be greater than required.

B. are unaffected but V1 will be increased.
C. will not be achieved.
D. will give reduced safety margins.
4. Q(4565) If an aeroplane is at a higher mass than anticipated, for a given airspeed the angle of attack will
A. remain constant, drag will increase and endurance will increase.

B. be greater, drag will increase and endurance will decrease.
C. remain constant, drag will decrease and endurance will decrease.
D. be decreased, drag will decrease and endurance will increase.
5. Q(4376) Which of the following statements is correct?
A. A tail heavy aeroplane is less stable and stalls at a lower speed than a nose heavy aeroplane
B. The station (STA) is always the location of the centre of gravity in relation to a reference point, normally the leading edge of the wing at MAC
C. If the actual centre of gravity is located behind the aft limit the aeroplane longitudinal stability increases.
D. The centre of gravity is given in percent of MAC calculated from the leading edge of the wing, where MAC always = the wing chord halfway
between the centre line of the fuselage and the wing tip
6. Q(4512) If the centre of gravity of an aeroplane moves forward during flight the elevator control will :
A. become heavier making the aeroplane more easy to manouevre in pitch.

B. become lighter making the aeroplane more easy to manouevre in pitch.
C. become lighter making the aeroplane more difficult to manouevre in pitch.
D. become heavier making the aeroplane more difficult to manouevre in pitch
7. Q(2077) Assuming gross mass, altitude and airspeed remain unchanged, movement of the centre of gravity from the forward to the aft limit will
cause
A. reduced maximum cruise range.

B. lower optimum cruising speed.
C. higher stall speed.
D. increased cruise range.
8. Q(4486) Fuel loaded onto an aeroplane is 15400 kg but is erroneously entered into the load and trim sheet as 14500 kg. This error is not detected
by the flight crew but they will notice that
A. the aeroplane will rotate much earlier than expected.

B. speed at un-stick will be higher than expected
C. V1 will be reached sooner than expected
D. V1 will be increased.
9. Q(13065) For a given configuration, the stall speed of an aeroplane will be highest when loaded:
A. to the maximum allowable mass with the most forward CG.

B. to the maximum allowable mass with the most aft CG.
C. to a low total mass with the most aft CG.
D. to a low total mass with the most forward CG.
10. Q(6118) If an extra load is loaded into an aircraft the stall speed is likely to:
A. Decrease.
B. Increase
C. Stay the same.
D. Change depending on whether the load was placed FWD or AFT of the C of G.
11. Q(804) The stalling speed of an aeroplane will be highest when it is loaded with a:
A. low gross mass and aft centre of gravity.

B. high gross mass and forward centre of gravity.
C. low gross mass and forward centre of gravity.
D. high gross mass and aft centre of gravity.
12. Q(1066) If nose wheel moves aft during gear retraction, how will this movement affect the location of the centre of gravity (cg) on the aircraft?
A. The cg location will change, but the direction cannot be told the information given.
B. It will cause the cg to move aft.
C. It will cause the cg to move forward.
D. It will not affect the cg location.
13. Q(4484) Prior to departure an aircraft is loaded with 16500 litres of fuel at a fuel density of 780 kg/m³. This is entered into the load sheet as
16500 kg and calculations are carried out accordingly. As a result of this error, the aircraft is
A. heavier than anticipated and the calculated safety speeds will be too high
B. lighter than anticipated and the calculated safety speeds will be too high
C. heavier than anticipated and the calculated safety speeds will be too low.
D. lighter than anticipated and the calculated safety speeds will be too low
14. Q(6123) Just prior to take-off, a baggage handler put a large put a large extra bag into the forward hold without recording it in the LMC's. What are
the effects of this action? 1. VMC will increase if the extra load is forward of the datum. 2. Stick forces in flight will decrease if the extra load is behind
the datum. 3. Stick forces at VR will increase. 4.VMU will occur later. 5. The safe stopping distance will increase.
A. 3, 4 and 5 only
B. 1 and 5 only
C. all of the above
D. 2,3 and 4 only
15. Q(6124) Which of the following would not affect the CG?
A. Mass added or removed at the neutral point.

B. Fuel usage.
C. Cabin crewmembers performing their normal duties.
D. Stabiliser trim setting.
16. Q(4511) When the centre of gravity is at the forward limit, an aeroplane will be:
A. extremely unstable and require small elevator control to change pitch.

B. extremely stable and require small elevator control to change pitch.
C. extremely stable and will require excessive elevator control to change pitch.
D. extremely unstable and require excessive elevator control to change pitch.
17. Q(6125) What effect does the CG on the aft limit have on the fuel flow of an aeroplane?
A. No effect
B. Decreases
C. Marginal increase
D. Increases
18. Q(4508) An aeroplane is said to be 'neutrally stable'. This is likely to:
A. be caused by a centre of gravity which is towards the forward limit.

B. be totally unrelated to the position of the centre of gravity.
C. cause the centre of gravity to move forwards.
D. be caused by a centre of gravity which is towards the rearward limit.
19. Q(4503) During take-off you notice that, for a given elevator input, the aeroplane rotates much more rapidly than expected. This is an indication
that:
A. the centre of gravity may be towards the aft limit.

B. the centre of pressure is aft of the centre of gravity.
C. the aeroplane is overloaded.
D. the centre of gravity is too far forward.
20. Q(7297) In cruise flight, an aft centre of gravity location will:
A. Decrease longitudinal static stability.

B. Not change the static curve of stability into longitudinal.
C. Does not influence longitudinal static stability.
D. Increase longitudinal static stability.
21. Q(6122) The handling and performance problems encountered with a CG too far aft include:
A. Improvement in nose wheel steering.

B. Degrade or loss of nose wheel steering.
C. No likelihood of a nose up overbalance on a nose wheel aircraft on the ground resulting in tail damage.
D. Higher stick forces per G loading with no risk of over-stressing the airframe in manoeuvres.
22. Q(805) With the centre of gravity on the forward limit which of the following is to be expected?
A. A decrease of the stalling speed.

B. A decrease in the landing speed.
C. A decrease in range.
D. A tendency to yaw to the right on take-off.
23. Q(4570) Which of the following is most likely to affect the range of centre of gravity positions on an aeroplane?
A. The need to maintain a low value of stalling speed.

B. Location of the undercarriage.
C. The need to minimise drag forces and so improve efficiency.
D. Elevator and tailplane (horizontal stabiliser) effectiveness in all flight conditions.
24. Q(2051) What determines the longitudinal stability of an aeroplane ?
A. The dihedral, angle of sweepback and the keel effect.

B. The location of the centre of gravity with respect to the neutral point.
C. The relationship of thrust and lift to weight and drag.
D. The effectiveness of the horizontal stabilizer, rudder and rudder trim tab.
25. Q(6120) Who establishes the limits C of G?

A. The insurers
B. The CAA
C. The JAA
D. The manufacturer
26. Q(6117) Due to a mistake in the load sheet the aeroplane is 100kg heavier than you believe it to be. As a consequence:
A. V₁ will be higher.
B. VR will be higher.
C. V₁ VMU VR will all occur earlier.
D. VMU will be higher.
27. Q(13460) In cruise flight, a centre of gravity moving aft will:
A. decrease longitudinal static stability

B. not change the manoeuvrability
C. increase longitudinal static stability
D. have no effect on longitudinal static stability
A. The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass ensures that the centre of gravity remains within limits after the uplift of fuel.
B. The Maximum Take-off Mass is equal to the maximum mass when leaving the ramp.
C. The Basic Empty Mass is equal to the mass of the aeroplane excluding traffic load and useable fuel but including the crew.
D. The Maximum Landing Mass of an aeroplane is restricted by structural limitations, performance limitations and the strength of the runway.
29. Q(4513) An aeroplane is loaded with its centre of gravity towards the rear limit. This will result in:
A. an increase in longitudinal stability.

B. a reduction in power required for a given speed.
C. a reduced fuel consumption as a result of reduced drag.
D. an increased risk of stalling due to a decrease in tailplane moment
30. Q(6119) The Centre of Gravity of an aeroplane:
A. Must be maintained in a fixed position by careful distribution of the load.

B. Can be allowed to move between defined limits.
C. Is in a fixed position and is unaffected by aeroplane loading.
D. May only be moved if permitted by the regulating authority and endorsed in the aeroplane's certificate of airworthiness.
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31. Q(5477) During a violent avoidance manoeuvre, a light twin aircraft, certified to FAR 23 requirements was subjected to an instantaneous load
factor of 4.2. The Flight Manual specifies that the aircraft is certified in the normal category for a load factor of -1.9 +3.8. Considering the certification
requirements and taking into account that the manufacturer of the twin did not include, during its conception, a supplementary margin in the flight
envelope, it might be possible to observe;
A. no distortion, permanent or temporary of the structure

B. a elastic deformation whilst the load was applied, but no permanent distortion
C. rupture of one or more structural components
D. a permanent deformation of the structure
32. Q(4507) If the centre of gravity is near the forward limit the aeroplane will:
A. tend to over rotate during take-off.

B. benefit from reduced drag due to the decrease in angle of attack.
C. require less power for a given airspeed.
D. require elevator trim which will result in an increase in fuel consumption.
33. Q(13080) Allowed traffic load is the difference between:
A. allowed take off mass and basic empty mass plus trip fuel.
B. allowed take off mass and operating mass.
C. operating mass and basic empty mass.
D. allowed take off mass and basic empty mass.
A. If the actual centre of gravity is close to the forward limit of the centre of gravity the aeroplane may be unstable, making it necessary to increase
elevator forces
B. The lowest stalling speed is obtained if the actual centre of gravity is located in the middle between the aft and forward limit of centre of gravity
C. If the actual centre of gravity is located behind the aft limit of centre of gravity it is possible that the aeroplane will be unstable, making it
necessary to increase elevator forces
D. A tail heavy aeroplane is less stable and stalls at a lower speed than a nose heavy aeroplane
35. Q(4515) A flight benefits from a strong tail wind which was not forecast. On arrival at destination a straight in approach and immediate landing
clearance is given. The landing mass will be higher than planned and
A. the approach path will be steeper.

B. the approach path will be steeper and threshold speed higher.
C. the landing distance will be unaffected.
D. the landing distance required will be longer.
36. Q(5459) The mass displacement caused by landing gear extension:
A. creates a pitch-down longitudinal moment

B. creates a pitch-up longitudinal moment
C. creates a longitudinal moment in the direction (pitch-up or pitch-down) determined by the type of landing gear
D. does not create a longitudinal moment
37. Q(4564) When considering the effects of increased mass on an aeroplane, which of the following is true?
A. Stalling speeds will be lower.

B. Flight endurance will be increased.
C. Stalling speeds will be higher.
D. Gradient of climb for a given power setting will be higher.
02 Loading
1. Q(6151) An aeroplane takes off as normal on a scheduled flight however, shortly after take-off the aeroplane is diverted to another airfield. Max
Structural TOM 14000 kg Performance Limited TOM 12690 kg Max Structural LM 9600 kg Trip Fuel to original destination 6000 kg Contingency fuel 200
kg Alternate fuel 200 kg Final reserve fuel 750 kg Expected landing mass at original destination 4600kg Actual flight duration 2 hours Fuel
consumption 1500 kg per hour Performance Limited LM at diversion airfield 9000 kg
A. The aeroplane cannot land safely because it is above its MSLM.

B. The aeroplane cannot land safely because its mass is beyond the limit for the runway limitations.
C. The aeroplane can land safely as it is below its MSLM.
D. The aeroplane can land safely because it is below its PLLM.
2. Q(299) The Dry Operating Mass includes:
A. passengers baggage and cargo.

B. fuel and passengers baggage and cargo.
C. crew and crew baggage, catering, removable passenger service equipment, potable water and lavatory chemicals.
D. unusable fuel and reserve fuel.
3. Q(6128) The Basic Empty Mass is the:
A. Landing mass minus the traffic load.

B. Take-off mass minus the traffic load and the fuel load.
C. MZFM minus both traffic load and the fuel load.
D. Operating mass minus the crew and fuel load.
4. Q(1945) Given: Maximum structural take-off mass= 146 900 kg, Maximum structural landing mass= 93 800 kg, Maximum zero fuel mass= 86 400 kg,
Trip fuel= 27 500 kg, Block fuel= 35 500 kg Engine starting and taxi fuel = 1 000 kg. The maximum take-off mass is equal to:
A. 120 300 kg
B. 120 900 kg
C. 121 300 kg
D. 113 900 kg
5. Q(4510) The Take-off Mass of an aeroplane is 66700 kg which includes a traffic load of 14200 kg and a usable fuel load of 10500 kg. If the
standard mass for the crew is 545 kg the Dry Operating Mass is
A. 41455 kg
B. 42545 kg
C. 56200 kg
D. 42000 kg
6. Q(13031) Given: Dry Operating Mass: 4920 kg Zero Fuel Mass: 5740 kg Trip Fuel: 670 kg Take-Off Fuel: 1050 kg The Traffic Load is:
A. 2480 kg
B. 1340 kg
C. 2160 kg
D. 820 kg
7. Q(4559) The following data applies to a planned flight. Dry Operating Mass 34900 kg, Performance limited Take-Off Mass 66300 kg, Performance
limited Landing Mass 55200 kg, Maximum Zero Fuel Mass 53070 kg, Fuel required at ramp:- Taxy fuel 400 kg, trip fuel 8600 kg, contingency fuel 430
kg, alternate fuel 970 kg, holding fuel 900 kg, Traffic load 16600 kg. Fuel costs at the departure airfield are such that it is decided to load the
maximum fuel quantity possible. The total fuel which may be safely loaded prior to departure is :
A. 10730 kg
B. 15200 kg
C. 12700 kg
D. 13230 kg
8. Q(2713) If other factors are unchanged, the fuel mileage (nautical miles per kg) is
A. higher with a forward centre of gravity position.

B. lower with a forward centre of gravity position.
C. independent from the centre of gravity position.
D. lower with an aft centre of gravity position.
9. Q(6141) 125,988 kg is how many pounds?
A. 271,525 lbs
B. 58,458 lbs
C. 314,970 lbs
D. 277,756 lbs
10. Q(4483) The empty mass of an aeroplane is recorded in
A. the weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aeroplane.
B. the weighing schedule. If changes occur, due to modifications, the aeroplane must be re-weighed always.
C. the loading manifest. It differs from Dry Operating Mass by the value of the 'useful load'.
D. the loading manifest. It differs from the zero fuel mass by the value of the 'traffic load'.
11. Q(6161) Standard passenger masses used for a holiday charter flight are:
A. Male 80 Kg, Female 70 Kg.

B. Male 83 kg, Female 69 kg, or an average mass of Adult person 76 Kg.
C. Child up to the age of 12 years 30 Kg.
D. Average mass of adult person 84 Kg.
12. Q(2686) An aeroplane's weighing schedule indicates that the empty mass is 57320 kg. The nominal Dry Operating Mass is 60120 kg and the
Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is given as 72100 kg. Which of the following is a correct statement in relation to this aeroplane?
A. operational items have a mass of 2800 kg and the maximum useful load is 14780 kg.
B. operational items have a mass of 2800 kg and the maximum traffic load for this aeroplane is 14780 kg.
C. operational items have a mass of 2800 kg and the maximum traffic load for this aeroplane is 11980 kg.
D. operational items have a mass of 2800 kg and the maximum useful load is 11980 kg.
13. Q(6138) 125 USG of Avgas in Litres is?
A. 37 L
B. 460 L
C. 358 L
D. 473 L
14. Q(4504) Dry Operating Mass is the mass of the aircraft less
A. usable fuel, potable water and lavatory chemicals.

B. traffic load, potable water and lavatory chemicals.
C. usable fuel and traffic load.
D. usable fuel.
15. Q(6147) To calculate a usable take-off mass, the factors to be taken into account include:
A. Maximum take-off mass decreased by the fuel burn.

B. Maximum landing mass augmented by fuel on board at take-off.
C. Maximum landing mass augmented by the fuel burn.
D. Maximum zero fuel mass augmented by the fuel burn.
16. Q(5469) Based on actual conditions, an aeroplane has the following performance take-off mass limitations: Flaps : 0° 10° 15° Runway: 4100
4400 4600 Climb: 4700 4500 4200 Masses are in kg Structural limits: take-off/landing/zero fuel: 4 300 kg The maximum take-off mass is :
A. 4 100 kg
B. 4 700 kg
C. 4 300 kg
D. 4 200 kg
17. Q(6156) What is the allowed traffic load for a medium range jet aircraft where the DOM is 35058 kg, where the limitations are MZFM 52790 kg,
RTOM 61875 kg, RLM 53871 kg. The TOF is 13358 kg of which 8900 kg is trip fuel.
A. 10, 376 kg
B. 17,732 kg
C. 14,355 kg
D. 13,459 kg
18. Q(6164) The weighing machine used for passenger weighing shall have a capacity of at least … and shall be displayed at minimum graduations of
…
A. 100 kg, 1 kg
B. 150 kg, 500 g
C. 200 kg, 500 g
D. 250 kg, 1 kg
19. Q(4509) The Dry Operating Mass is the total mass of the aircraft ready for a specific type of operation but excluding
A. usable fuel and crew.

B. usable fuel and traffic load.
C. usable fuel, potable water and lavatory chemicals.
D. potable water and lavatory chemicals.
20. Q(3672) Maximum allowed take-off mass limit: 37 200kg Dry Operating Mass: 21 600 kg Take-off fuel: 8 500 kg Passengers on board: male
33,female 32, children 5 Baggages: 880 kg The company uses the standard passenger mass systems (see annex) allowed by regulations. The flight
is not a holiday charter. In these conditions, the maximum cargo that may be loaded is
A. 1 098 kg
B. 901 kg
C. 1 105 kg
D. 585 kg
21. Q(4560) In determining the Dry Operating Mass of an aeroplane it is common practice to use 'standard mass' values for crew. These values are
A. flight crew (male) 88 kg. (female) 75 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These include an allowance for hand baggage.
B. flight crew (male) 88 kg. (female) 75 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These do not include an allowance for hand baggage.
C. flight crew 85 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These are inclusive of a hand baggage allowance.
D. flight crew 85 kg., cabin crew 75 kg. each. These do not include a hand baggage allowance.
22. Q(4530) The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is a structural limiting mass. It is made up of the aeroplane Dry Operational mass plus
A. unuseable and crew standard mass.

B. traffic load and unuseable fuel.
C. traffic load and crew standard mass.
D. traffic load, unuseable fuel and crew standard mass.
23. Q(13472) Overloading has the following effects on performance:
A. Reduced take off and landing distance, increased VNE and reduced rate of climb
B. Increased take off and landing distance, reduced rate of climb and increased fuel consumption
C. Increased take off and landing distance, increased rate of climb and increased fuel consumption
D. Reduced take off and landing distance, increased VNE and increased fuel consumption
24. Q(4562) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Paragraph 3.1. The medium range jet transport aeroplane is to operate a flight carrying the
maximum possible fuel load. Using the following data as appropriate, determine the mass of fuel on board at start of take off. Departure airfield
performance limited take-off mass: 60 400 kg. Landing airfield -not performance limited. Dry Operating Mass: 34930 kg Fuel required for flight - Taxi
fuel: 715 kg Trip fuel: 8600 kg Contingency and final reserve fuel: 1700 kg Alternate fuel 1500 kg Additional reserve 400 kg Traffic load for flight 11000
kg
A. 14 470 kg
B. 15 815 kg
C. 13 655 kg
D. 16 080 kg
25. Q(14228) Given: - The take-off mass of an aircraft is 8470 kg. - Total fuel on board is 1600 kg including 450 kg reserve fuel and 29 kg of unusable
fuel. - The traffic load is 770 kg. What is the Zero Fuel Mass?
A. 6420 kg
B. 6129 kg
C. 6899 kg
D. 6870 kg
26. Q(6133) The chemical fluids used to charge the aircraft's toilets are counted as?
A. Part of the payload.

B. Part of the under load.
C. Part of the basic empty mass.
D. Part of the variable load.
27. Q(4481) An aeroplane is weighed and the following recordings are made: nose wheel assembly scale 5330 kg left main wheel assembly scale
12370 kg right main wheel assembly scale 12480 kg If the 'operational items' amount to a mass of 1780 kg with a crew mass of 545 kg, the empty
mass, as entered in the weight schedule, is
A. 31960 kg
B. 28400 kg
C. 32505 kg
D. 30180 kg
28. Q(6134) The Traffic Load of an aeroplane is:
A. Tom minus Useful Load.

B. Useful Load minus Operating Mass.
C. LM plus Trip Fuel.
D. TOM minus Operating Mass.
29. Q(13048) Considering only structural limitations, on very short legs with minimum take-off fuel, the traffic load is normally limited by:
A. Maximum Take-off Mass.
B. Actual landing mass.
C. Maximum Landing Mass.
D. Maximum Zero Fuel Mass.
30. Q(6157) Standard masses for baggage can only be used when the aircraft has:
A. Less than 30 seats

B. 9 seats or more
C. 20 seats or more
D. 30 seats or more
31. Q(6132) Who determines what items to include in the dry operating weight?
A. The manufacturer
B. The commander
C. The operator
D. The JAA
32. Q(6146) With regards to the Maximum Zero-Fuel Weight (MZFW).
A. It is important as exceeding the MZFW may mean that there is insufficient lift to get the aircraft airborne.
B. It is the maximum weight that an aircraft can be loaded to without useable fuel.
C. Is more relevant to aircraft with fuselage fuel tanks.
D. It is lower than the Maximum Take-Off Weight by the weight of a payload.
33. Q(4533) 'Standard Mass' as used in the computation of passenger load establish the mass of a child as
A. 35 kg for children over 2 years occupying a seat and 10 kg for infants (less than 2 years) occupying a seat.
B. 35 kg for children over 2 years occupying a seat and 10 kg for infants (less than 2 years) not occupying a seat.
C. 35 kg only if they are over 2 years old and occupy a seat.
D. 35 kg irrespective of age provided they occupy a seat.
34. Q(14409) The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is given as 3800 US Gallons. If the fuel density (specific gravity)
is given as 0.79 the mass of fuel which may be loaded is
A. 13647 kg.
B. 11364 kg.
C. 14383 kg.
D. 18206 kg.
35. Q(14051) At maximum certificated take-off mass an aeroplane departs from an airfield which is not limiting for either take-off or landing masses.
During initial climb the number one engine suffers a contained disintegration. An emergency is declared and the aeroplane returns to departure
airfield for an immediate landing. The most likely result of this action will be
A. a high threshold speed and a shorter stop distance.

B. a high threshold speed and possible undercarriage or other structural failure.
C. a landing short resultant from the increased angle of approach due to the very high aeroplane mass.
D. a landing further along the runway than normal.
36. Q(4535) For a particular aeroplane, the structural maximum mass without any fuel on board, other than unusable quantities, is:
A. a variable value which is governed by the PCN and ACN.

B. a fixed value which will limit the amount of fuel carried.
C. a fixed value which is stated in the Aeroplane Operating Manual.
D. a variable value which is governed by the traffic load carried.
37. Q(13037) Given: Zero Fuel Mass: 4770 kg Trip Fuel: 1040 kg Block Fuel: 1960 kg Taxi Fuel: 20 kg The actual Take-Off Mass is equal to:
A. 5890 kg
B. 4970 kg
C. 6710 kg
D. 6730 kg
38. Q(5627) For the purpose of calculating traffic loads, an operator's loading manual gives the following standard mass values for passengers.
(These values include an allowance for hand baggage) Male 88 kg, Female 70 kg, Child 35 kg, Infant 6 kg.The standard mass value to be used for
hold baggage is 14 kg per piece.The loading manifest shows the following details :Passengers loaded, Males 40, Females 65, Children 8, Infants 5.
Baggage in hold number 4: 120 pieces. Using the standard mass values given and the data in the appendix, select from the following the correct
value for the mass of freight (all loaded in hold No1) which constitutes the remainder of the traffic load
A. 280 kg
B. 260 kg
C. no cargo can be loaded in hold number 1
D. 210 kg
39. Q(3666) To calculate the allowable take-off mass, the factors to be taken into account include:
A. the sum of the Maximum Zero Fuel Mass and the trip fuel.
B. the sum of the Maximum Landing Mass and the fuel on board at take-off.
C. the Maximum Take-off Mass minus the trip fuel.
D. the sum of the Maximum Landing Mass and the trip fuel.
40. Q(14054) In relation to an aeroplane, the term '' Basic Empty Mass'' includes the mass of the aeroplane structure complete with its powerplants,
systems, furnishings and other items of equipment considered to be an integral part of the particular aeroplane configuration. Its value is
A. printed in the loading manual and includes unusable fuel.

B. found in the latest version of the weighing schedule as corrected to allow for modifications.
C. inclusive of an allowance for crew, crew baggage and other operating items. It is entered in the loading manifest.
D. found in the flight manual and is inclusive of unusable fuel plus fluids contained in closed systems.
41. Q(13019) Given: Maximum structural take-off mass: 8350 kg Maximum structural landing mass: 8350 kg Zero Fuel Mass: 6210 kg Taxi Fuel: 10 kg
Contingency Fuel:90 kg. Alternate Fuel: 300 kg. Final Reserve Fuel: 400 kg. Trip Fuel: 780 kg The expected Landing Mass at destination will be:
A. 8350 kg
B. 7790 kg
C. 7780 kg
D. 7000 kg
42. Q(6140) If 567 Kgs of fuel at SG 0.812 are on board an aircraft, the amount of fuel in US gallons is:
A. 201 USG
B. 161 USG
C. 184 USG
D. 168 USG
43. Q(4534) The maximum certificated take - off mass is:
A. a take - off limiting mass which is affected by the aerodrome altitude and temperature.
B. a structural limit which may not be exceeded for any take - off.
C. limited by the runway take off distance available. It is tabulated in the Flight Manual.
D. a take - off limiting mass which is governed by the gradient of climb after reaching V2 .
44. Q(2680) For the purpose of completing the Mass and Balance documentation, the Operating Mass is considered to be Dry Operating Mass plus
A. Ramp Fuel Mass.

B. Ramp Fuel Mass less the fuel for APU and run-up.
C. Trip Fuel Mass.
D. Take-off Fuel Mass.
45. Q(5628) From the data contained in the attached appendix, the maximum allowable take - off mass and traffic load is respectively :
A. 61600 kg and 12150 kg

B. 66770 kg and 17320 kg
C. 60425 kg and 10975 kg
D. 68038 kg and 18588 kg
46. Q(4522) The maximum taxi (ramp) mass is governed by:
A. tyre speed and temperature limitations.

B. bearing strength of the taxiway pavement.
C. taxi distance to take - off point.
D. structural considerations.
47. Q(1065) The maximum zero-fuel mass: 1- is a regulatory limitation 2- is calculated for a maximum load factor of +3.5 g 3- is based on the maximum
permissible bending moment at the wing root 4- is defined on the assumption that fuel is consumed from the outer wings tank first 5- is defined on
the assumption that fuel is consumed from the centre wing tank first 6- can be increased by stiffening the wing The combination of correct statements
is:
A. 2, 3, 4, 6
B. 1, 3, 5
C. 1, 2, 3
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 2, 3, 6
48. Q(13535) The Traffic Load is defined as:
A. The total mass of passengers, baggage, cargo and usable fuel

B. The total mass of flight crew, passengers, baggage, cargo and usable fuel
C. The total mass of crew and passengers excluding any baggage or cargo
D. The total mass of passengers, baggage and cargo, including any non revenue load
49. Q(6154) Given: DOM = 3415 lbs Trip fuel = 400 lbs Passenger Mass = 600 lbs Freight/baggage = 1050 lbs Maximum structural TOM = 5850 lbs
Performance TOM = 5200 lbs The traffic load is to be reduced to bring the TOM into the regulated TOM limits by:
A. 265 lbs
B. 400 lbs
C. 600 lbs
D. 200 lbs
50. Q(4520) The maximum certificated taxi (or ramp) mass is that mass to which an aeroplane may be loaded prior to engine start. It is:
A. a value which is only affected by the outside air temperature. Corrections are calculated from data given in the Flight Manual.
B. a value which varies with airfield temperature and altitude. Corrections are listed in the Flight Manual.
C. a value which varies only with airfield altitude. Standard corrections are listed in the Flight Manual.
D. a fixed value which is listed in the Flight Manual.
51. Q(4572) A flight has been made from London to Valencia carrying minimum fuel and maximum traffic load. On the return flight the fuel tanks in the
aeroplane are to be filled to capacity with a total fuel load of 20100 litres at a fuel density of 0.79 kg/l. The following are the aeroplane's structural
limits: -Maximum Ramp Mass: 69 900 kg -Maximum Take Off Mass: 69 300 kg -Maximum Landing Mass: 58 900 kg -Maximum Zero Fuel Mass: 52 740
kg The performance limited take off mass at Valencia is 67 330 kg. The landing mass at London is not performance limited. Dry Operating Mass: 34
930 kg Trip Fuel (Valencia to London): 5 990 kg Taxi fuel: 250 kg The maximum traffic load that can be carried from Valencia will be:
A. 9 830 kg
B. 13 240 kg
C. 16 770 kg
D. 14 331 kg
52. Q(13527) What mass has to be entered in the loading chart for aviation fuel F 34 if 170 l may be refuelled? (Fuel density = 0.78 kg/l)
A. 218 kg
B. 170 kg
C. 133 kg
D. 133 daN
53. Q(6144) The maximum zero-fuel mass:
A. Can be increased by stiffening the wing.

B. Imposes fuel dumping from the outer wings tank first.
C. Is calculated for a maximum load factor of +3.5 g.
D. Is calculated for a maximum load factor of +2.5 g.
54. Q(3669) Given: Dry operating mass = 38 000 kg maximum structural take-off mass = 72 000 kg maximum landing mass = 65 000 kg maximum zero
fuel mass = 61 000 kg Fuel burn = 8 000 kg Take-off Fuel = 10 300 kg The maximum allowed take-off mass and payload are respectively :
A. 73 000 kg and 24 700 kg

B. 71 300 kg and 23 000 kg
C. 71 300 kg and 25 300 kg
D. 73 000 kg and 27 000 kg
55. Q(6148) If the maximum structural landing mass is exceeded:
A. The aircraft will be unable to get airborne.

B. No damage will occur providing the aircraft is within the regulated landing mass.
C. No damage will occur providing the aircraft is within the performance limited landing mass.
D. The undercarriage could collapse on landing.
56. Q(2678) Given an aeroplane with: Maximum Structural Landing Mass: 125000 kg Maximum Zero Fuel Mass: 108500 kg Maximum Structural Take-
off Mass: 155000 kg Dry Operating Mass: 82000 kg Scheduled trip fuel is 17000 kg and the reserve fuel is 5000 kg. Assuming performance limitations
are not restricting, the maximum permitted take-off mass and maximum traffic load are respectively:
A. 130500 kg and 26500 kg

B. 125500 kg and 21500 kg
C. 125500 kg and 26500 kg
D. 130500 kg and 31500 kg
57. Q(14055) Prior to departure the medium range twin jet aeroplane is loaded with maximum fuel of 20100 litres at a fuel density (specific gravity) of
0.78. Using the following data - Performance limited take-off mass 67200 kg Performance limited landing mass 54200 kg. Dry Operating Mass 34930
kg. Taxi fuel 250 kg. Trip fuel 9250 kg, Contingency and holding fuel 850 kg, Alternate fuel 700 kg. The maximum permissible traffic load is
A. 12840 kg
B. 13090 kg.
C. 16470 kg
D. 18040 kg
58. Q(14062) The operator of an aircraft equipped with 50 seats uses standard masses for passengers and baggage. During the preparation of a
scheduled flight a group of passengers present themselves at the check-in desk, it is apparent that even the lightest of these exceeds the value of
the declared standard mass.
A. the operator may use the standard masses for the load and balance calculation without correction
B. the operator may use the standard masses for the balance but must correct these for the load calculation
C. the operator is obliged to use the actual masses of each passenger
D. the operator should use the individual masses of the passengers or alter the standard masss
59. Q(2689) The following data applies to an aeroplane which is about to take off: Certified maximum take-off mass - 141500 kg Performance limited
take-off mass - 137300 kg Dry Operating Mass - 58400 kg Crew and crew hand baggage mass - 640 kg Crew baggage in hold - 110 kg Fuel on board -
60700 kg From this data calculate the mass of the useful load.
A. 18200 kg
B. 17450 kg
C. 78900 kg
D. 78150 kg
60. Q(4575) See Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.5 For the medium range transport aeroplane, from the loading manual, determine the maximum
total volume of fuel which can be loaded into the main wing tanks. (Fuel density value 0.78kg/l)
A. 5674 litres
B. 11646 litres
C. 8850 litres
D. 11350 litres
61. Q(4529) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.14. Aeroplane Dry Operating mass 85000 kg, Performance limited take-off mass
127000 kg, Performance limited landing mass 98500 kg, Maximum zero fuel mass 89800 kg, Fuel requirements for flight -Trip fuel 29300 kg,
Contingency and final reserve fuel 3600 kg, Alternate fuel 2800 kg. The maximum traffic load that can be carried on this flight is:
A. 4800 kg
B. 12700 kg
C. 6300 kg
D. 7100 kg
62. Q(4527) The empty mass of an aeroplane is given as 44800 kg. Operational items (including crew standard mass of 1060 kg) are 2300 kg. If the
maximum zero fuel mass is given as 65500 kg, the maximum traffic load which could be carried is:
A. 23000 kg
B. 18400 kg
C. 19460 kg.
D. 20700 kg
63. Q(4525) Mass for individual passengers (to be carried on an aircraft) may be determined from a verbal statement by or on behalf of the
passengers if the number of
A. passengers carried is less than 20.

B. passenger seats available is less than 10.
C. passenger seats available is less than 20.
D. passengers carried is less than 6.
64. Q(6139) How would you convert US Gallons to Litres (L)?
A. US Gall x 1.205
B. US Gall x 0.264
C. US Gall x 4.546
D. US Gall x 3.785
65. Q(6159) The term 'BAGGAGE' means:
A. Any freight cargo not carried on by the person.

B. Any non-human, non-animal cargo.
C. Personal belongings.
D. Excess freight.
66. Q(6131) Basic Empty Mass:
A. Is the mass of an aeroplane including operating fluids, toilet and galley water and fuel.
A. Is the mass of an aeroplane including operating fluids, toilet and galley water and fuel.
B. Is the mass of an aeroplane as produced by the manufacturer including operating fluids, toilet and galley water plus all required equipment
plus unusable fuel.
C. Is usually the mass of the basic aeroplane without any operating fluids.
D. Is usually determined by the aircraft manufacturer during weighing at the manufacturing plant and does not include any additional equipment.
67. Q(1069) Given that: - Maximum structural take-off mass: 146 000 kg, - Maximum structural landing mass: 93 900 kg, - Maximum zero fuel mass: 86
300 kg, - Trip fuel: 27 000 kg, - Taxi fuel: 1 000 kg, - Contingency fuel: 1350 kg, - Alternate fuel: 2650 kg, - Final reserve fuel: 3000 kg, Determine the
actual take-off mass:
A. 120 300 kg.

B. 146 000 kg.
C. 121 300 kg.
D. 120 900 kg.
68. Q(6152) An aeroplane develops a serious technical problem shortly after take-off and has to return to its departure airfield. In order to land safely
the aircraft must dump fuel. How much fuel must be dumped?
A. The fuel system automatically stops the jettison at the Regulate Landing Mass.
B. As much as the pilot feels is just sufficient to land safely.
C. The pilot calculates the amount of fuel to jettison to reduce the mass to a safe level at, or below the Regulated Landing Mass.
D. Sufficient to reduce the mass to the zero fuel mass.
69. Q(807) Given the following : - Maximum structural take-off mass 48 000 kg - Maximum structural landing mass: 44 000 kg - Maximum zero fuel
mass: 36 000 kg -Taxi fuel: 600 kg -Contingency fuel: 900 kg -Alternate fuel: 800 kg -Final reserve fuel: 1 100 kg -Trip fuel: 9 000 kg. The actual TOM
can never be higher than:
A. 47 800 kg
B. 53 000 kg
C. 48 000 kg
D. 48 400 kg
70. Q(3667) Allowed traffic load is the difference between :
A. allowed take off mass and basic mass plus trip fuel
B. allowed take off mass and basic mass
C. operating mass and basic mass
D. allowed take off mass and operating mass
Contingency fuel: 110 kg. Alternate fuel: 600 kg. Final Reserve Fuel: 130 kg. Trip Fuel: 970 kg. The expected Landing Mass at destination will be
A. 8310 kg
B. 7340 kg
C. 8600 kg
D. 8325 kg
72. Q(2078) While making mass and balance calculation for a particular aircraft, the term 'Basic Empty Mass' applies to the sum of airframe,
engine(s), fixed ballast plus
A. all the consumable fuel and oil, but not including any radio or navigation equipment installed by manufacturer.
B. all the oil and fuel.
C. unusable fuel and full operating fluids.
D. all the oil, fuel, and hydraulic fluid but not including crew and traffic load.
73. Q(2692) A revenue flight is to be made by a jet transport. The following are the aeroplane's structural limits: -Maximum Ramp Mass: 69 900 kg, -
Maximum Take Off Mass: 69 300 kg, Maximum Landing Mass: 58 900 kg, Maximum Zero Fuel Mass: 52 740 kg Take Off and Landing mass are not
performance limited. Dry Operating Mass: 34 900 kg Trip Fuel: 11 800 kg Taxi Fuel: 500 kg Contingency & final reserve fuel: 1 600 kg Alternate Fuel:1
900 kg The maximum traffic load that can be carried is:
A. 19 100 kg
B. 17 840 kg
C. 19 500 kg
D. 19 200 kg
A. 8110 kg
B. 8175 kg
C. 7210 kg
D. 8200 kg
75. Q(1067) At the flight preparation stage, the following parameters in particular are available for determining the mass of the aircraft: 1- Dry operating
mass 2- Operating mass Which statement is correct:
A. The Operating Mass is the mass of the aircraft without take-off fuel.
B. The Dry Operating Mass includes take-off fuel.
C. The Operating Mass includes the traffic load.
D. The Dry Operating Mass includes fixed equipment needed to carry out a specific flight.
76. Q(4505) The total mass of the aeroplane including crew, crew baggage; plus catering and removable passenger equipment; plus potable water
and lavatory chemicals but excluding usable fuel and traffic load, is referred to as:
A. Aeroplane Prepared for Service ( APS) Mass.

B. Dry Operating Mass.
C. Maximum Zero Fuel Mass
D. Zero Fuel Mass.
77. Q(290) Given: Dry Operating Mass= 29 800 kg, Maximum Take-Off Mass= 52 400 kg, Maximum Zero-Fuel Mass= 43 100 kg, Maximum Landing
Mass= 46 700 kg, Trip fuel= 4 000 kg, Fuel quantity at brakes release= 8 000 kg. The maximum traffic load is:
A. 9 300 kg
B. 13 300 kg
C. 14 600 kg
D. 12 900 kg
78. Q(13033) Given: Dry Operating Mass: 5210 kg Zero Fuel Mass: 6230 kg Trip Fuel: 990 kg Take-Off Fuel: 1590 kg The Traffic Load is
A. 2980 kg
B. 1020 kg
C. 2370 kg
D. 3390 kg
79. Q(1070) On an aeroplane without central fuel tank, the maximum Zero Fuel Mass is related to:
A. Maximum Structural Take-Off Mass.

B. variable equipment for the flight.
C. the bending moment at the wing root.
D. wing loaded trip fuel.
80. Q(6150) A twin-engine aeroplane is certified for a Max Structural TOM and a Max LM of 58,000 kg and 55,000 kg respectively. Given the
information below, what is the limiting take-off mass for the aeroplane? Performance Limiting TOM 61000 kg Performance Limiting LM 54000 kg
Operating mass 55000 kg Trip fuel 3000 kg Contingency fuel 5% of trip fuel Alternate fuel 500 kg Final reserve 500 kg Flight duration 3 hours Fuel
consumption 500 kg per hour per engine
A. 57000 kg
B. 58000 kg
C. 56545 kg
D. 61000 kg
81. Q(5466) The operator of an aircraft equipped with 50 seats uses standard masses for passengers and baggage. During the preparation of a
scheduled flight a group of passengers present themselves at the check-in desk, it is apparent that even the lightest of these exceeds the value of
the declared standard mass.
A. the operator is obliged to use the actual masses of each passenger

B. the operator may use the standard masses for the balance but must correct these for the load calculation
C. the operator should use the individual masses of the passengers or alter the standard masss
D. the operator may use the standard masses for the load and balance calculation without correction
82. Q(6143) The weight of 867 US Gallons of fuel (SG 0.78) is:
A. 2560 lbs
B. 8122 lbs
C. 5361 lbs
D. 5643 lbs
83. Q(4401) Given an aeroplane with: Maximum Structural Landing Mass: 68000 kg Maximum Zero Fuel Mass: 70200 kg Maximum Structural Take-off
Mass: 78200 kg Dry Operating Mass : 48000 kg Scheduled trip fuel is 7000 kg and the reserve fuel is 2800 kg, Assuming performance limitations are
not restricting, the maximum permitted take-off mass and maximum traffic load are respectively:
A. 75000 kg and 17200 kg

B. 75000 kg and 20000 kg
C. 77200 kg and 22200 kg
D. 77200 kg and 19400 kg
84. Q(6155) Given: DOM(APS) = 3500 lbs Trip fuel = 500 lbs Passenger Mass = 400 lbs Freight/baggage = 1250 lbs Maximum structural TOM = 5850
lbs Performance Regulated TOM = 5200 lbs The traffic load is to be reduced to bring the TOM into the regulated TOM limits by:
A. 650 lbs
B. 450 lbs
C. 200 lbs
D. 250 lbs
85. Q(2693) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.14. The medium range twin jet transport is scheduled to operate from a departure
airfield where conditions limit the take-off mass to 65050 kg. The destination airfield has a performance limited landing mass of 54500 kg. The Dry
Operating Mass is 34900 kg. Loading data is as follows - Taxi fuel 350 kg Trip fuel 9250 kg Contingency and final reserve fuel 1100 kg Alternate fuel
1000 kg Traffic load 18600 kg Check the load and ensure that the flight may be operated without exceeding any of the aeroplane limits. Choose, from
those given below, the most appropriate answer.
A. The flight may be safely operated with an additional 200 kg of traffic load.
B. The flight is 'zero fuel mass' limited and the traffic load must be reduced to 14170 kg.
C. The flight may be safely operated with the stated traffic and fuel load.
D. The flight is 'landing mass' limited and the traffic load must be reduced to 17500 kg.
Maximum Take Off Mass: 69 300 kg, Maximum Landing Mass: 58 900 kg, Maximum Zero Fuel Mass: 52 740 kg. The performance limited take off
mass is 67 450kg and the performance limited landing mass is 55 470 kg. Dry Operating Mass: 34 900 kg. Trip Fuel: 6 200 kg. Taxi Fuel: 250 kg.
Contingency & final reserve fuel:1 300 kg. Alternate Fuel: 1 100 kg. The maximum traffic load that can be carried is:
A. 19 500 kg
B. 19 100 kg
C. 17 840 kg
D. 19 200 kg
87. Q(6166) Select the correct mass allowed for cabin crew in a 19 seat aircraft used on a holiday charter:
A. 84 kg
B. 75 kg
C. 85 kg
D. 76 kg
88. Q(14225) Given: MTOM 37200kg DOM 21600kg Fuel at T/O 8500kg Passenger load:33 Males, 32 females and 5 children Baggage 880kg The
company uses the standard passenger mass systems (refer to CAP 696) allowed by regulations. The flight is not a holiday charter. In these
conditions, the maximum cargo that may be loaded is
A. 965 kgs
B. 585 kgs
C. 1105 kgs
D. 340 kgs
89. Q(13403) The Empty Mass of an aircraft is recorded in
A. the weighing schedule. If changes occur, due to modifications, the aircraft must be re-weighed always.
B. the loading manifest. It differs from the Zero Fuel Mass by the value of the 'traffic load'.
C. the loading manifest. It differs from Dry Operating Mass by the value of the 'useful load'.
D. the weighing schedule and is amended to take account of changes due to modifications of the aircraft.
90. Q(2681) When establishing the mass breakdown of an aeroplane, the empty mass is defined as the sum of the:
A. basic mass plus special equipment mass

B. standard empty mass plus specific equipment mass plus trapped fluids plus unusable fuel mass
C. empty mass dry plus variable equipment mass
D. basic mass plus variable equipment mass
91. Q(2682) For the purpose of completing the Mass and Balance documentation, the Dry Operating Mass is defined as:
A. The total mass of the aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel.
B. The total mass of the aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel and traffic load.
C. The total mass of the aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding crew and crew baggage.
D. The total mass of the aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all traffic load.
92. Q(2079) The term 'Maximum Zero Fuel Mass' consist of:
A. The maximum mass for some aeroplanes including the fuel load and the traffic load
B. The maximum mass authorized for a certain aeroplane not including traffic load and fuel load.
C. The maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel.
D. The maximum mass authorized for a certain aeroplane not including the fuel load and operational items
93. Q(4557) The standard mass for a child is
A. 30 kg for holiday charters and 35 kg for all other flights.

B. 35 kg for all flights.
C. 35 kg for holiday charters and 38 kg for all other flights.
D. 38 kg for all flights.
94. Q(6160) Choose the correct statement as related to infants travel in aircraft:
A. An infant is a person between the ages of 0 and 2 years.
B. An infant is a person between the ages of 0 years to 3 years.
C. An infant seated on an adults lap increases the pax mass by 35 kg.
D. An infant must always be seated in its own seat and accounted for as 35 kg.
95. Q(2679) For the purpose of completing the Mass and Balance documentation, the Traffic Load is considered to be equal to the Take-off Mass
A. plus the Operating Mass.

B. plus the Trip Fuel Mass.
C. less the Trip Fuel Mass.
D. less the Operating Mass.
96. Q(6153) "A scheduled flight of three hours estimated time, within Europe, is to be conducted. Using the data given calculate the maximum mass
of freight that may be loaded in the following circumstances: Performance limited take-off mass: 67,900 kg Performance limited landing mass: 56,200
kg MZFM: 51,300 kg DOM: 34,960 kg Fuel on board at ramp: 15,800 kg Taxi fuel: 450 kg Trip fuel: 10,200 kg Passengers: 115 adults + 6 children
Flight crew (each 85 kg): 2 Cabin crew (each 75 kg): 5 Allow standard baggage for each passenger (13 kg)"
A. 1047 kg
B. 4764 kg
C. 6147 kg
D. 4647 kg
97. Q(2081) The actual 'Take-off Mass' is equivalent to:
A. Dry Operating Mass plus take-off fuel and the traffic load
B. Actual Landing Mass plus the take-off fuel
C. Actual Zero Fuel Mass plus the traffic load
D. Dry Operating Mass plus the take-off fuel
98. Q(4573) The term 'useful load' as applied to a aircraft includes
A. the revenue-earning portion of traffic load plus useable fuel.

B. traffic load plus useable fuel.
C. the revenue-earning portion of traffic load only.
D. traffic load only.
99. Q(11510) Using the image attached or CAP 696 Figure 4.13 Given the data in the annex. A delayed flight resulted in 16 passengers (standard
mass 84 kgs each) and their baggage (standard mass 14 kgs each ) not arriving for the flight. They are removed from the manifest. The baggage was
in Hold 4 and the passengers were in Compartment Oc. Which statement is correct after these changes have been accounted for?
A. LM CG 18% MAC
B. ZFM index 76
C. TOM index 70
D. TOM CG 20% MAC
100. Q(6165) For an aircraft having 16 passenger seats, if no hand luggage is carried, how much weight may be deducted from the standard
passenger weights for passengers over 12 years old?
A. 6 Kg
B. 12 kg
C. 0 kg
D. 10 Kg
Contingency Fuel:110 kg. Alternate Fuel: 275 kg. Final Reserve Fuel: 250 kg. Trip Fuel: 760 kg The expected Landing Mass at destination will be
A. 6625 kg
B. 7385 kg
C. 7135 kg
D. 7400 kg
102. Q(4563) An aeroplane is to depart from an airfield at a take-off mass of 302550 kg. Fuel on board at take-off (including contingency and
alternate of 19450 kg) is 121450 kg. The Dry Operating Mass is 161450 kg. The useful load will be
A. 19650 kg
B. 121450 kg
C. 39105 kg
D. 141100 kg
103. Q(1071) Given are:- Maximum structural take-off mass: 72 000 kg, - Maximum structural landing mass: 56 000 kg, - Maximum zero fuel mass: 48
000 kg, - Taxi fuel: 800 kg, - Trip fuel: 18 000 kg, - Contingency fuel: 900 kg, - Alternate fuel: 700 kg, - Final reserve fuel: 2 000 kg. The actual take-off
mass can never be higher than:
A. 69 600 kg
B. 72 000 kg
C. 70 400 kg
D. 74 000 kg
104. Q(1943) Considering only structural limitations, on long distance flights (at the aeroplane's maximum range), the traffic load is normally limited by:
A. The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass plus the Take-off Mass.

B. The Maximum Landing Mass.
C. The Maximum Take-off Mass.
D. The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass.
105. Q(6126) The operating mass of an aircraft is:
A. The empty mass plus the trip fuel mass.

B. The empty mass plus the take-off fuel mass.
C. The empty mass plus crew, crew baggage and catering.
D. The dry operating mass plus the take-off fuel mass.
106. Q(1068) Which of the following corresponds to zero fuel mass?
A. Operating mass plus passengers and cargo.

B. Take-off mass minus fuel to destination and alternate.
C. Operating mass plus luggage of passengers and cargo.
D. The take-off mass of an aeroplane minus all usable fuel.
107. Q(4531) The take-off mass of an aeroplane is 141000 kg. Total fuel on board is 63000 kg including 14000 kg reserve fuel and 1000 kg of
unusable fuel. The traffic load is 12800 kg. The zero fuel mass is:
A. 79000 kg
B. 78000 kg
C. 65200 kg.
D. 93000 kg
108. Q(4480) In relation to an aeroplane, the term ' Basic Empty Mass' includes the mass of the aeroplane structure complete with its powerplants,
systems, furnishings and other items of equipment considered to be an integral part of the particular aeroplane configuration. Its value is
A. found in the flight manual and is inclusive of unusable fuel plus fluids contained in closed systems.
B. printed in the loading manual and includes unusable fuel.
C. inclusive of an allowance for crew, crew baggage and other operating items. It is entered in the loading manifest.
D. found in the latest version of the weighing schedule as corrected to allow for modifications.
A. 6360 kg
B. 6250 kg
C. 6810 kg
D. 6225 kg
110. Q(4574) An aeroplane is performance limited to a landing mass of 54230 kg. The Dry Operating Mass is 35000 kg and the zero fuel mass is
52080 kg. If the take-off mass is 64280 kg the useful load is
A. 10080 kg.
B. 17080 kg
C. 12200 kg.
D. 29280 kg.
111. Q(1088) Which is true of the aeroplane empty mass?
A. It is dry operating mass minus fuel load.

B. It is dry operating mass minus traffic load.
C. It is the actual take-off mass, less traffic load.
D. It is a component of dry operating mass.
112. Q(2688) The empty mass of an aeroplane, as given in the weighing schedule, is 61300 kg. The operational items (including crew) is given as a
mass of 2300 kg. If the take-off mass is 132000 kg (including a useable fuel quantity of 43800 kg) the useful load is
A. 70700 kg
B. 26900 kg.
C. 29600 kg
D. 68400 kg
113. Q(6145) The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is the mass of the aeroplane with no usable fuel on board. It is a limitation which is:
A. Governed by the traffic load to be carried. It also provides protection from excessive 'wing bending'.
B. Governed by the requirements of the centre of gravity limits and the structural limits of the aeroplane.
C. Tabulated in the Flight Manual against arguments of airfield elevation and temperature.
D. Listed in the Flight Manual as a fixed value. It is a structural limit.
114. Q(5480) By adding to the basic empty mass the following fixed necessary equipment for a specific flight (catering, safety and rescue equipment,
fly away kit, crew), we get:
A. Zero Fuel Mass

B. Dry Operating Mass
C. Landing Mass
D. Take-off Mass
115. Q(4571) A jet transport has the following structural limits: -Maximum Ramp Mass: 63 060 kg -Maximum Take Off Mass: 62 800 kg -Maximum
Landing Mass: 54 900 kg -Maximum Zero Fuel Mass: 51 300 kg The aeroplane's fuel is loaded accordance with the following requirements: -Taxi fuel:
400 kg -Trip fuel: 8400 kg -Contingency & final reserve fuel: 1800 kg -Alternate fuel: 1100 kg If the Dry Operating Mass is 34930 kg, determine the
maximum traffic load that can be carried on the flight if departure and landing airfields are not performance limited.
A. 16 370 kg
B. 16 570 kg
C. 17 070 kg
D. 16 430 kg
116. Q(296) The take-off mass of an aeroplane is 117 000 kg, comprising a traffic load of 18 000 kg and fuel of 46 000 kg. What is the dry operating
mass?
A. 99 000 kg
B. 53 000 kg
C. 71 000 kg
D. 64 000 kg
117. Q(1944) The Zero Fuel Mass of an aeroplane is always:
A. the Take-off Mass minus the fuselage fuel mass.

B. the Maximum Take-off Mass minus the take-off fuel mass.
C. the Take-off Mass minus the mass of take-off fuel.
D. the Take-off Mass minus the wing fuel mass.
118. Q(4556) On an aeroplane with a seating capacity of more than 30, it is decided to use standard mass values for computing the total mass of
passengers. If the flight is not a holiday charter, the mass value which may be used for an adult is
A. 84 kg (male) 76 kg (female).
B. 88 kg (male) 74 kg (female).
C. 76 kg
D. 84 kg
119. Q(14408) Which is true of the aircraft basic empty mass?
A. It is dry operating mass minus traffic load.

B. It is dry operating mass minus fuel load.
C. It is a component of dry operating mass.
D. It is the actual take-off mass, less traffic load.
120. Q(5288) The crew of a transport aeroplane prepares a flight using the following data: - Block fuel: 40 000 kg - Trip fuel: 29 000 kg - Taxi fuel: 800
kg - Maximum take-off mass: 170 000 kg - Maximum landing mass: 148 500 kg - Maximum zero fuel mass: 112 500 kg - Dry operating mass: 80 400
kg The maximum traffic load for this flight is:
A. 18 900 kg
B. 40 400 kg
C. 32 100 kg
D. 32 900 kg
121. Q(4528) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.14. The following data relates to a planned flight of an aeroplane - Dry Operational
mass 60520 kg Performance limited take-off mass 92750 kg, Performance limited landing mass 72250 kg, Maximum Zero Fuel mass 67530 kg. Fuel
on board at take-off - Trip fuel 12500 kg, Contingency and final reserve fuel 2300 kg, Alternate fuel 1700 kg. Using this data, as appropriate, calculate
the maximum traffic load that can be carried.
A. 7730 kg
B. 7010 kg
C. 15730 kg
D. 11730 kg
122. Q(4228) Which statement regarding the relationship between traffic load and range is correct?
A. The maximum zero fuel mass limits the maximum quantity of fuel.
B. The maximum traffic load is not limited by the reserve fuel quantity.
C. The Maximum Landing Mass is basically equal to the Maximum Zero Fuel Mass.
D. The traffic load can be limited by the desired range.
123. Q(5470) The basic empty mass of an aircraft is 30 000 kg. The masses of the following items are : - catering: 300 kg - safety and rescue material:
nil - fly away kit: nil - crew (inclusive crew baggage): 365kg - fuel at take-off: 3 000 kg - unusable fuel: 120 kg - passengers, baggage, cargo: 8 000 kg
The Dry Operating Mass is :
A. 30 665 kg
B. 38 300 kg
C. 30 300 kg
D. 30 785 kg
124. Q(4558) On an aeroplane with 20 or more seats engaged on an inter-continental flight, the 'standard mass' which may be used for passenger
baggage is
A. 14 kg per passenger.
B. 15 kg per passenger.
C. 11 kg per passenger.
D. 13 kg per passenger.
125. Q(4526) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.13. A revenue flight is planned for the transport aeroplane. Take-off mass is not
airfield limited. The following data applies: Dry Operating Mass 34930 kg, Performance limited landing mass 55000 kg, Fuel on board at ramp -Taxi fuel
350 kg, Trip fuel 9730 kg, Contingency and final reserve fuel 1200 kg, Alternate fuel 1600 kg, Passengers on board 130, Standard mass for each
passenger 84 kg, Baggage per passenger 14 kg. Traffic load - Maximum possible. Use the loading manual provided and the above data. Determine
the maximum cargo load that may be carried without exceeding the limiting aeroplane landing mass.
A. 6350 kg.
B. 4530 kg.
C. 3185 kg.
D. 5400 kg
126. Q(4521) The maximum mass to which an aeroplane may be loaded, prior to engine start, is:
A. maximum certificated take - off mass.

B. maximum regulated taxi (ramp) mass.
C. maximum regulated take - off mass.
D. maximum certificated taxi (ramp) mass.
Maximum Take Off Mass: 69 300 kg, Maximum Landing Mass: 58 900 kg, Maximum Zero Fuel Mass: 52 740 kg. Take Off and Landing mass are not
performance limited. Dry Operating Mass: 34 930 kg Trip Fuel: 11 500 kg Taxi Fuel: 250 kg Contingency & final reserve fuel: 1 450 kg Alternate Fuel: 1
350 kg The maximum traffic load that can be carried is:
A. 17 810 kg
B. 20 420 kg
C. 21 070 kg
D. 21 170 kg
128. Q(4524) The Zero Fuel Mass and the Dry Operating Mass
A. differ by the value of the traffic load mass.

B. differ by the mass of usable fuel.
C. differ by the sum of the mass of usable fuel plus traffic load mass.
D. are the same value.
129. Q(6129) The Operating Mass:
A. Is the landing mass minus the traffic load.

B. Is the maximum zero fuel mass minus the traffic load.
C. Is the take-off mass minus the basic empty mass and crew mass.
D. Is the take-off mass minus the traffic load.
130. Q(6142) To convert 1 US gallon of AVGAS to lbs:
A. 1 USG = 4 lbs
B. 1 USG = 6.8 lbs
C. 1 USG = 3.8 lbs
D. 1 USG = 6 lbs
A. The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass ensures that the centre of gravity remains within limits after the uplift of fuel.
B. The Basic Empty Mass is equal to the mass of the aeroplane excluding traffic load and useable fuel but including the crew.
C. The Maximum Landing Mass of an aeroplane is restricted by structural limitations, performance limitations and the strength of the runway.
D. The Maximum Take-off Mass is equal to the maximum mass when leaving the ramp.
132. Q(4536) An aeroplane, which is scheduled to fly an oceanic sector, is due to depart from a high altitude airport in the tropics at 1400 local time.
The airport has an exceptionally long runway. Which of the following is most likely to be the limiting factor(s) in determining the take - off mass ?
A. en route obstacle clearance requirements.

B. Maximum Zero Fuel Mass.
C. altitude and temperature of the departure airfield.
D. maximum certificated take - off mass.
133. Q(14715) The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is a mass limitation for the:
A. strength of the fuselage

B. total load of the fuel imposed upon the wing
C. allowable load exerted upon the wing considering a margin for fuel tanking
D. strength of the wing root
134. Q(2080) The actual 'Zero Fuel Mass' is equal to the:
A. Actual Landing Mass plus trip fuel.

B. Operating Mass plus all the traffic load.
C. Dry Operating Mass plus the traffic load.
D. Basic Empty Mass plus the fuel loaded.
135. Q(6137) 5600 USG is equivalent to how many Imperial gallons?
A. 4663 imp
B. 4848 imp
C. 4366 imp
D. 6338 imp
136. Q(6130) Mass refers to:
A. Weight X gravity.
B. The quantity of matter in a body as measured by its inertia.
C. None of the above.
D. The force exerted on a body by gravity.
137. Q(13436) The maximum quantity of fuel that can be loaded into an aircraft's tanks is given as 2200 l. If the fuel density (specific gravity) is given
as 0.79 the mass of fuel which may be loaded is:
A. 2785 kg
B. 1798 kg
C. 2098 kg
D. 1738 kg
138. Q(2694) The following data is extracted from an aeroplane's loading manifest: Performance limited take-off mass 93500 kg Expected landing
mass at destination 81700 kg Maximum certificated landing mass 86300 kg Fuel on board 16500 kg During the flight a diversion is made to an en-
route alternate which is not 'performance limited' for landing. Fuel remaining at landing is 10300 kg. The landing mass
A. is 87300 kg and excess structural stress could result

B. is 87300 kg which is acceptable in this case because this is a diversion and not a normal scheduled landing.
C. is 83200 kg which is in excess of the regulated landing mass and could result in overrunning the runway
D. must be reduced to 81700 kg in order to avoid a high speed approach.
139. Q(6135) Define the useful load.
A. Dry operating mass plus usable fuel load.

B. Traffic load plus dry operating.
C. That part of the traffic load which generates revenue.
D. Traffic load plus usable fuel mass.
140. Q(5468) The Dry Operating Mass of an aircraft is 2 000 kg. The Maximum Take-off Mass, Landing and Zero Fuel Mass are identical at 3500 kg.
The block fuel mass is 550kg, and the taxi fuel mass is 50 kg. The available mass of traffic load is:
A. 950 kg
B. 1 450 kg
C. 1 000 kg
D. 1 500 kg
141. Q(6158) For the purposes of mass and balance JAR-OPS 1 defines a child as a person aged:
A. Of 2 years but not having reached their 12th birthday.

B. Of 3 years but not having reached their 12th birthday.
C. Of 3 years but not having reached their 15th birthday.
D. Of 2 years but having reached 15 years old.
142. Q(6136) 2588 USG of fuel has been loaded into an aircraft, what is the volume in litres?
A. 9785.58 L
B. 9979.66 L
C. 979.664 L
D. 9796.65 L
143. Q(5482) An aircraft basic empty mass is 3000 kg. The maximum take-off, landing, and zero-fuel mass are identical, at 5200 kg. Ramp fuel is 650
kg, the taxi fuel is 50 kg. The maximum traffic load is:
A. 1 600 kg
B. 1 550 kg
C. 2 150 kg
D. 2 200 kg
144. Q(5276) The flight preparation of a turbojet aeroplane provides the following data: Take-off runway limitation: 185 000 kg Landing runway
limitation: 180 000 kg Planned fuel consumption: 11 500 kg Fuel already loaded on board the aircraft: 20 000 kg Knowing that: Maximum take-off
mass (MTOM): 212 000 kg Maximum landing mass (MLM): 174 000 kg Maximum zero fuel mass (MZFM): 164 000 kg Dry operating mass (DOM): 110
000 kg The maximum cargo load that the captain may decide to load on board is:
A. 54 000 kg
B. 61 500 kg
C. 55 500 kg
D. 55 000 kg
145. Q(4561) Prior to departure the medium range twin jet aeroplane is loaded with maximum fuel of 20100 litres at a fuel density (specific gravity) of
0.78. Using the following data - Performance limited take-off mass 67200 kg, Performance limited landing mass 54200 kg, Dry Operating Mass 34930
kg, Taxi fuel 250 kg, Trip fuel 9250 kg, Contingency and holding fuel 850 kg, Alternate fuel 700 kg. The maximum permissible traffic load is
A. 13090 kg.
B. 18040 kg
C. 12840 kg
D. 16470 kg
146. Q(4569) Standard masses may be used for the computation of mass values for baggage if the aeroplane
A. has 6 or more seats.

B. is carrying 30 or more passengers.
C. has 30 or more seats.
D. has 20 or more seats.
147. Q(6162) If standard mass tables are being used for checked baggage and a number of passengers check in baggage that is expected to
exceed the standard baggage mass, the operator:
A. Must determine the actual mass of such baggage by weighing or adding an adequate mass increment.
B. Must determine the actual mass of such baggage by weighing or by deducting an adequate mass increment.
C. Need make no alterations if the Take-off mass is not likely to exceeded.
D. Determine the actual masses of such baggage.
148. Q(6149) If an aeroplane lands below its Max Structural Landing Mass but above the Performance Limited Landing Mass for the arrival airfield: 1.
It will not suffer physical damage as a result of the extra mass. 2. Tyre temperature limits could be exceeded. 3. It might not have sufficient runway
length in which to stop safely. 4. A go-around might not be achievable. 5. It will increase structural fatigue.
A. 3 and 4 only
B. 2,3,4 and 5 only
C. 1,3,4 and 5 only
D. 1 and 5 only
149. Q(6163) On any flight identified as carrying a significant number of passengers whose masses, including hand baggage, are expected to exceed
the standard passenger mass the operator:
A. Must determine the actual mass of such passengers.

B. Must add an adequate mass increment to each of such passengers.
C. Need only determine the actual masses or apply an increment if the Take-off mass is likely to be exceeded.
D. Must determine the actual mass of such passengers or add an adequate increment to each of such passengers.
150. Q(1962) Traffic load is the:
A. Zero Fuel Mass minus Dry Operating Mass.

B. Take-off Mass minus Zero Fuel Mass.
C. Dry Operating Mass minus the disposable load.
D. Dry Operating Mass minus the variable load.
151. Q(4506) The responsibility for determination of the mass of 'operating items' and 'crew members' included within the Dry Operating Mass lies
with
A. the operator.
B. the authority of the state of registration.
C. the person compiling the weighing schedule.
D. the commander.
152. Q(3385) The crew of a transport aeroplane prepares a flight using the following data: - Dry operating mass: 90 000 kg - Block fuel: 30 000 kg -
Taxi fuel: 800 kg - Maximum take-off mass: 145 000 kg The traffic load available for this flight is:
A. 25 800 kg
B. 55 800 kg
C. 25 000 kg
D. 55 000 kg
153. Q(2687) An aeroplane is to depart from an airfield where the performance limited take-off mass is 89200 kg. Certificated maximum masses are
as follows: Ramp (taxi) mass- 89930 kg, Maximum Take-off mass- 89430 kg, Maximum Landing mass- 71520 kg, Actual Zero fuel mass- 62050 kg,
Fuel on board at ramp: Taxi fuel- 600 kg, Trip fuel- 17830 kg, Contingency, final reserve and alternate -9030 kg. If the Dry Operating Mass is 40970 kg
the traffic load that can be carried on this flight is
A. 21500 kg
B. 20870 kg
C. 21080 kg
D. 21220 kg
154. Q(13434) The Maximum Structural Take-Off Mass is
A. limited by the take-off distance available. It is tabulated in the flight manual

B. a take-off limiting mass which is affected by the aerodrome altitude and temperature
C. a limit which may not be exceeded for any take-off
D. a take-off limiting mass which is governed by the gradient of climb after reaching Vy
155. Q(4568) Conversion of fuel volume to mass
A. must be done using fuel density values of 0.79 for JP 1 and 0.76 for JP 4 as specified in JAR - OPS, IEM - OPS 1.605E.
B. may be done by using standard fuel density values as specified in the Operations Manual, if the actual fuel density is not known.
C. may be done by using standard fuel density values as specified in JAR - OPS 1.
D. must be done by using actual measured fuel density values.
156. Q(6127) The Regulated Take-off Mass:
A. Is the lower of maximum structural take-off mass and the performance limited take-off mass.
B. The maximum structural take-off mass subject to any last minute mass changes.
C. Is the higher of the maximum structural zero fuel mass and the performance limited takeoff mass.
D. The maximum performance limited take-off mass subject to any last minute mass changes.
157. Q(13032) Given: Dry Operating Mass: 5320 kg Zero Fuel Mass: 6790 kg Trip Fuel: 770 kg Take-Off Fuel: 1310 kg The Traffic Load is:
A. 1470 kg
B. 1610 kg
C. 2940 kg
D. 3080 kg
158. Q(13430) The maximum load specified in the loading chart is exceeded by 10 percent. What action must be taken?
A. Increase rotor speed by 10 percent

B. None, since a 10 percent greater load is still within the specified safety margin
C. Reduce useful load
D. Take off carefully
03 Fundamentals Of Cg Calculations
1. Q(13095) For the following see-saw to be in balance
A. Fb = A x Fa / B
B. Fb = B x Fa / A
C. Fb = A + Fa / B
D. Fb = A x B / Fa
2. Q(6167) The centre of gravity is that … on an aircraft through this the total … is considered to act vertically …
A. point; mass; downwards

B. datum; moment; downwards
C. datum; mass; upwards
D. point; moment; upwards
3. Q(5619) For the purpose of aeroplane mass and balance calculations, the datum point is defined as:
A. the point through which the sum of the mass values (of the aeroplane and its contents) is assumed to act vertically.
B. a point near the centre of the aeroplane. It moves longitudinally as masses are added forward and aft of its location.
C. a variable point, that is dependent on the load distribution for its location, from which all balance arms are measured
D. a fixed point from which all balance arms are measured. It may be located anywhere on the aeroplane's longitudinal axis or on the extensions
to that axis.
4. Q(13479) A load placed forward of the datum
A. Has a negative arm and therefore generates a negative mass and moment
B. Has a positive arm and therefore generates a positive mass and moment
C. Has a positive arm and therefore generates a positive moment
D. Has a negative arm and therefore generates a negative moment
5. Q(4496) Which of the following is unlikely to have any effect on the position of the centre of gravity on an aeroplane in flight ?
A. Normal consumption of fuel for a swept wing aeroplane.

B. Lowering the landing gear.
C. Changing the tailplane (horizontal stabiliser) incidence angle.
D. Movement of cabin attendants going about their normal duties.
6. Q(4474) Moment (balance) arms are measured from a specific point to the body station at which the mass is located. That point is known as
A. the datum.
B. the focal point.
B. the focal point.
C. the centre of gravity of the aircraft.
D. the axis.
7. Q(6169) Balance Arm (B) is:
A. The point on which a lever is supported, balanced, or about which it turns.

B. The distance from the datum to the centre of gravity of a mass.
C. The distance from the centre of gravity to the centre of a mass.
D. The distance from the centre of pressure to the centre of a mass.
8. Q(4477) When an aircraft is stationary on the ground, its total weight will act vertically
A. through its centre of pressure.

B. through a point defined as the datum point.
C. through the main wheels of its undercarriage assembly.
D. through its centre of gravity.
9. Q(6170) The aircraft datum is a … reference point that is defined on or relative to the aircraft about which the … of any load locations are known.
A. forward, arms
B. fixed, arms
C. variable, movements
D. movable, moments
10. Q(1081) In mass and balance calculations which of the following describes the datum?
A. It is the distance from the centre of gravity to the point through which the weight of the component acts.
B. It is the most forward position of the centre of gravity.
C. It is the most aft position of the centre of gravity.
D. It is the point on the aircraft designated by the manufacturer from which all centre of gravity measurements and calculations are made.
11. Q(4519) A mass of 500 kg is loaded at a station which is located 10 metres behind the present Centre of Gravity and 16 metres behind the
datum. (Assume: g=10 m/sec squared). The moment for that mass used in the loading manifest is :
A. 130000 Nm
B. 50000 Nm
C. 30000 Nm
D. 80000 Nm
12. Q(13419) For the following see-saw to be in balance

A. Fc = 3 / Fa
B. Fc = Fa / 3A
C. Fc = Fa / 3
D. Fc = 3Fa
13. Q(1082) An aircraft has its centre of gravity located 7 metres from the datum line and it has a weight of 49000 N. The moment about the datum is:
A. 7000 Nm.
B. 343 000 Nm.
C. 343 000 N/m.
D. 1.43 Nm.
14. Q(1080) The centre of gravity location of the aeroplane is normally computed along the:
A. lateral axis.
B. horizontal axis.
C. longitudinal axis.
D. vertical axis.
15. Q(6172) The datum for determining the CG has to be along the longitudinal axis:
A. At the fire wall.

B. But does not have to be between the nose and the tail.
C. Between the nose and the tail.
D. Between the leading and trailing edge of the MAC.
16. Q(1083) Which one of the following is correct?
A. Arm = Force X Moment

B. Moment = Force / Arm
C. Arm = Force / Moment
D. Arm = Moment / Force
17. Q(4501) The distance from the datum to the Centre of Gravity of a mass is known as
A. the force.
B. the moment.
C. the index.
C. the index.
D. the moment arm or balance arm.
18. Q(13467) A load placed aft of the datum:
A. Has a positive arm and therefore generates a positive moment but negative mass
B. Has a negative arm and therefore generates a negative moment and mass
C. Has a negative arm and therefore generates a negative moment but a positive mass
D. Has a positive arm and therefore generates a positive moment
19. Q(4476) The centre of gravity of an aircraft is that point through which the total mass of the aircraft is said to act. The weight acts in a direction
A. governed by the distribution of the mass within the aircraft.

B. always parallel to the aircraft's vertical axis.
C. at right angles to the flight path.
D. parallel to the gravity vector.
20. Q(6173) Determine the attached drawing and consider the correct mass & balance calculation (balanced condition).
A. Fb = A / (Fa x B)
B. Fb = (Fa x B) / A
C. Fb = (Fa x A) / B
D. Fb = (A x B) / Fa
21. Q(1079) Where is the centre of gravity of the aeroplane in the diagram?
A. 32.29 cm forward of datum.
B. 32.29 cm aft of datum.
C. 26.57 cm aft of datum.
D. 26.57 cm forward of datum.
22. Q(13456) The datum is a reference from which all moment (balance) arms are measured. Its precise position is given in the control and loading
manual and it is located
A. at or near the forward limit of the centre of gravity.

B. at or near the natural balance point of the empty aircraft.
C. at a convenient point which may not physically be on the aircraft.
D. at or near the focal point of the aircraft axis system.
23. Q(13449) For the following boom to be in balance:
A. A = B + Fb / Fa
B. A = B ( Fa + Fb)
C. A = B x Fb / Fa
D. A = B x Fa / Fb
24. Q(13409) The longitudinal centre of gravity datum:
A. Must be located in line with the main rotor mast

B. Must be located aft of the main rotor mast
C. Can be located anywhere
D. Must be located forward of the main rotor mast
25. Q(4478) The weight of an aircraft, which is in level non accelerated flight, is said to act
A. always along the vertical axis of the aircraft.

B. vertically through the datum point.
C. vertically through the centre of pressure.
D. vertically through the centre of gravity.
26. Q(13420) For the following boom to be in balance
A. B = Fb + A / Fa
B. B = Fa x A / Fb
C. B = - (Fa x A / Fb)
D. B = Fb x A / Fa
27. Q(13471) Longitudinal CG location is normally expressed:
A. as a percentage of the MAC from its leading edge.

B. with respect to the neutral point.
C. with respect to the centre of pressure.
D. as a percentage of the MAC from its trailing edge.
28. Q(803) The centre of gravity of a body is that point
A. which is always used as datum when computing moments.

B. where the sum of the external forces is equal to zero.
C. through which the sum of the forces of all masses of the body is considered to act.
D. where the sum of the moments from the external forces acting on the body is equal to zero.
29. Q(6171) Select the correct statement for the Datum:
A. Is the point through which all the forces of gravity are said to act.
B. Is a point from which all the arm distances are measured.
C. Is a vertical plane through which all the forces of gravity are said to act.
D. Is a fixed vertical plane from which all the arm distances are measured.
30. Q(6168) If all the moments are positive when calculating mass (weight) and balance, the position of the datum would be at the:
A. Nose, or forward of the aircraft.

B. Trailing edge of the wing.
C. Centre line of the nose or tail wheel depending on the aircraft type.
D. Main wheels centreline.
31. Q(14457) Given the information at take-off shown at the reference. Given that the flight time is 2 hours and the estimated fuel flow will be 1050
litres per hour and the average oil consumption will be 2.25 litres per hour. The specific density of fuel is 0.79. The specific density of the oil is 0.96
.The "Freight 2" will be dropped during flight within the scope of a rescue action. Calculate the CG position at landing.
A. 25 cm aft of datum.
B. 24 cm aft of datum.
C. 27 cm aft of datum.
D. 22 cm aft of datum.
32. Q(297) A location in the aircraft which is identified by a number designating its distance from the datum is known as:
A. MAC.
B. Index.
C. Moment.
D. Station.
33. Q(13024) In calculations with respect to the position of the centre of gravity a reference is made to a datum. The datum is
A. calculated from the data derived from the weighing procedure carried out on the aircraft after any major modification.
B. calculated from the loading manifest.
C. a reference plane which is chosen by the aircraft manufacturer. Its position is given in the aircraft Flight or Loading Manual.
D. an arbitrary reference chosen by the pilot which can be located anywhere on the aircraft.
34. Q(5478) The centre of gravity is the
A. centre of thrust along the longitudinal axis, in relation to a datum line

B. neutral point along the longitudinal axis, in relation to a datum line
C. focus along the longitudinal axis, in relation to a datum line
D. point where all the aircraft mass is considered to be concentrated
04 Mass And Balance Details Of Aircraft
1. Q(6180) Aircraft must be weighed: A: On initial entry into service. B: If the mass and balance records have not been adjusted for alterations or
modification. C: Every four years after initial weigh. D: Whenever the cumulative changes to the dry operating mass exceed plus or minus 0.5% of the
maximum landing mass. E: If the cumulative change in CG position exceeds 0.5% of the mean aerodynamic chord.
A. A and C only
B. A, C and E only
C. A, B and C only
D. A, B, C, D and E
2. Q(6181) An operator has 19 aircraft of the same type and wants to use fleet mass values. Select the number of aircraft that will have to be
weighted on the initial weighing and the subsequent weighings:
A. Initially 19 thereafter 7.
B. Initially 10 thereafter 7.
C. Initially 19 thereafter 14.
D. Initially 10 thereafter 14.
3. Q(6175) The C.G. limits are from 5 inches forward to 7 inches aft of the datum. If the MAC is 41 inches and its leading edge is 15 inches forward of
the datum, what are the C.G. limits as % MAC?
A. Fwd limit 24.4%, Aft limit 53.7%

B. Fwd limit 12.2%, Aft limit 29.3%
C. Fwd limit 36.6%, Aft limit 53.6%
D. Fwd limit 29.3%, Aft limit 36.6%
4. Q(6174) Select the correct statement for the CG safe range:
A. The safe range falls between the front and rear CG limits but does not include them.
B. The safe range falls between the front and rear CG limits but only includes the aft limit.
C. The safe range falls between the front and rear CG limits and includes both limits.
D. The safe range falls between the front and rear CG limits but only includes the fwd limit.
5. Q(2082) Calculate the centre of gravity in % MAC (mean aerodynamic chord) with following data: Distance datum - centre of gravity: 12.53 m
Distance datum - leading edge: 9.63 m Length of MAC: 8 m
A. 23.1 % MAC
B. 36.3 % MAC
C. 47.0 % MAC
D. 63.4 % MAC
6. Q(4493) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.11. An aeroplane has a landing mass of 53 000kg. The range of safe CG positions,
as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual, is :
A. Forward limit 8.7% MAC aft limit 26.8% MAC
B. Forward limit 7.8% MAC aft limit 27.0% MAC
C. Forward limit 8.2% MAC aft limit 27.0% MAC
D. Forward limit 7.3% MAC aft limit 26.8% MAC
7. Q(4487) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.11. At the maximum landing mass the range of safe CG positions, as determined from
the appropriate graph in the loading manual, is:
8. Q(4475) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 page 20. For the medium range twin jet the datum point is located
A. at the leading edge of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord (MAC).
B. on the nose of the aeroplane.
C. 540 cm forward of the front spar.
D. 540 inches forward of the front spar.
9. Q(5472) To measure the mass and CG-position of an aircraft, it should be weighed with a minimum of:
A. 4 point of support
B. 3 points of support
C. 1 point of support
D. 2 points of support
10. Q(4490) When preparing to carry out the weighing procedure on an aircraft, which of the following is not required?
A. removable passenger services equipment to be off-loaded.

B. drain all chemical toilet fluid tanks.
C. drain all useable fuel.
D. drain all engine tank oil.
11. Q(5621) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.13. Using the load and trim sheet for the MRJT1 aircraft which of the following is the
correct value for the index at a Dry Operating Mass (DOM) of 35000 kg with a CG at 14% MAC ?
A. 40.0
B. 41.5
C. 33.0
D. 35.5
12. Q(14731) An aeroplane with a two wheel nose gear and four main wheels rests on the ground with a single nose wheel load of 725 kg and a
single main wheel load of 6000 kg. The distance between the nose wheels and the main wheels is 10 meters. How far is the centre of gravity in front
of the main wheels?
A. 40 cm.
B. 57 cm.
C. 25 cm.
D. 400 cm.
13. Q(6183) The mass and centre of gravity of an aircraft must be established by actual weighing:
A. By the operator prior to initial entry of aircraft into service.

B. By the engineers before commencing service.
C. By the pilot on entry of aircraft into service.
D. By the owner operator before the first flight of the day.
14. Q(6179) When weighing an aircraft certain precautions have to be made. Which of the following is not a requirement:
A. Check for completeness of aeroplane and equipment.

B. Ensure the aeroplane is clean.
C. Ensure the weighing is accomplished in an enclosed building.
D. Ensure all fuel and oil tanks are full.
15. Q(5467) The datum used for balance calculations is:
A. chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft and necessarily situated between the leading edge and trailing edge of the wing
B. chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, and always at the fire-wall level
C. chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane, but not necessarily between the nose and the tail of the aircraft
D. chosen on the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane, and necessarily situated between the nose and the tail of the aircraft
16. Q(4495) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9. For the transport aeroplane the moment (balance) arm (B.A.) for the forward hold
centroid is:
A. 314.5 inches.
B. 421.5 inches.
C. 257 inches.
D. 367.9 inches.
17. Q(5620) An aeroplane has a mean aerodynamic chord (MAC) of 134.5 inches. The leading edge of this chord is at a distance of 625.6 inches aft
of the datum. Define the location of the centre of gravity of the aeroplane in terms of percentage MAC if the mass of the aeroplane is acting vertically
through a balance arm located 650 inches aft of the datum.
A. 75,6%
B. 18,1%
C. 10,5%
D. 85,5%
18. Q(4492) An aircraft may be weighed
A. in an enclosed, non-air conditioned, hangar.

B. at a specified 'weighing location' on the airfield.
C. in a quiet parking area clear of the normal manoeuvring area.
D. in an area of the airfield set aside for maintenance.
19. Q(6178) An aircraft that is not within a fleet mass evaluation program must be weighed:
A. Every third year.

B. Every fourth year.
C. Every other year.
D. Every year.
20. Q(4514) An aeroplane must be re-weighed at certain intervals. Where an operator uses 'fleet masses' and provided that changes have been
correctly documented, this interval is
A. 9 years for each aeroplane.

B. whenever the Certificate of Airworthiness is renewed.
C. whenever a major modification is carried out.
D. 4 years for each aeroplane.
21. Q(4489) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.11. The aeroplane has a Take Off Mass of 58 000 kg. At this mass the range of safe
CG positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual, is:

22. Q(4488) At a given mass the CG position is at 15% MAC. If the leading edge of MAC is at a position 625.6 inches aft of the datum and the MAC is
given as 134.5 inches determine the position of the CG in relation to the datum.
A. 645.78 inches aft of datum

B. 228.34 inches aft of datum
C. 605.43 inches aft of datum
D. 20.18 inches aft of datum
23. Q(14058) The mass and balance information gives: Basic mass: 1 200 kg ; Basic balance arm: 3.00 m Under these conditions the Basic centre of
gravity is at 25% of the mean aerodynamic chord (MAC). The length of MAC is 2m. In the mass and balance section of the flight manual the following
information is given : Position Arm. front seats : 2.5 m, rear seats : 3.5 m, rear hold : 4.5 m, fuel tanks : 3.0 m. The pilot and one passenger embark;
each weighs 80 kg. Fuel tanks contain 140 litres of petrol with a density of 0.714. The rear seats are not occupied.Taxi fuel is negligable. The position
of the centre of gravity at take-off (as % MAC) is :
A. 34 %
B. 17 %
C. 29 %
D. 22 %
24. Q(5479) The determination of the centre of gravity in relation to the mean aerodynamic chord:
A. consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the position of the aerodynamic centre of pressure
B. consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the position of the aerodynamic convergence point
C. consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the length of the mean aerodynamic chord and the leading edge
D. consists of defining the centre of gravity longitudinally in relation to the length of the mean aerodynamic chord and the trailing edge
25. Q(4494) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.11. The aeroplane has a mass of 61 000 kg in the cruise. The range of safe CG
positions, as determined from the appropriate graph in the loading manual, is:
A. forward limit 8.3% aft limit 26.3% MAC

B. forward limit 8.0% aft limit 27.2% MAC.
C. forward limit 7.7% aft limit 25.2% MAC
C. forward limit 7.7% aft limit 25.2% MAC
D. forward limit 7.6% aft limit 26.9% MAC.
26. Q(7298) The Arm is the ________ (i) distance of a load as measured from the aircraft ________ (ii).
A. (i) horizontal (ii) forward limit

B. (i) horizontal (ii) datum
C. (i) lateral (ii) datum
D. (i) vertical (ii) aft limit
27. Q(6182) The operator must establish the mass of the Traffic Load:
A. By actual weighing or determine the mass of the traffic load in accordance with standard masses as specified in JAR-OPS sub part J.
B. Prior to embarking on the aircraft.
C. By using an appropriate method of calculation as specified in the JAR-OPS subpart J.
D. Prior to initial entry into service.
28. Q(6176) Given the data below calculate the C of G at TOM as a percentage of the mean aerodynamic chord: Basic Empty Mass: 1095 kg C of G at
BEM: 1.98m (25% MAC) Pilot and front seat occupant 80kg each. Front seat arm: 2.5m Rear seat arm: 3.2m Fuel load: 139 litres (SG 0.72) Fuel arm:
1.9m MAC 2m
A. 28%
B. 31%
C. 30%
D. 32%
29. Q(4482) If individual masses are used, the mass of an aircraft must be determined prior to initial entry into service and thereafter
A. at intervals of 4 years if no modifications have taken place.

B. at intervals of 9 years.
C. at regular annual intervals.
D. only if major modifications have taken place.
30. Q(4491) An aircraft is weighed prior to entry into service. Who is responsible for deriving the Dry Operational Mass from the weighed mass by the
addition of the 'operational items' ?
A. The aircraft manufacturer or supplier.

B. The commander of the aircraft.
C. The Operator.
D. The appropriate Aviation Authority.
31. Q(5465) The centre of gravity of an aeroplane is at 25% of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord. This means that the centre of gravity of the aeroplane is
situated at 25% of the length of:
A. the aeroplane in relation to the leading edge

B. the mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the datum
C. the mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the trailing edge
D. the mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge
32. Q(295) The loaded centre of gravity (cg) of an aeroplane is 713 mm aft of datum. The mean aerodynamic chord lies between station 524 mm aft
and 1706 mm aft. The cg expressed as % MAC (mean aerodynamic chord) is:
A. 60 %
B. 16 %
C. 10 %
D. 41 %
05 Determination Of Cg Position
1. Q(3386) The planned take-off mass of a turbojet aeroplane is 190 000 kg, with its centre of gravity located at 29 % MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Cord) .
Shortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that 4 000 kg must be loaded in cargo 4. After the handling operation, the new
centre of gravity location in % MAC will be:
A. 25 %
B. 27 %
C. 33 %
D. 31 %
2. Q(6200) The loaded mass of an aircraft is 12,400 kg. The aft CG limit is 102 inches aft of the datum. If the CG as loaded is 104.5 inches aft of the
datum, how many rows forward must two passengers move from the rear seat row (224 inches aft) to bring the CG on to the aft limit, if the seat pitch is
33 inches? Assume a passenger mass of 75kg each.
A. 5 rows
B. 7 rows
C. 6 rows
D. 8 rows
3. Q(5310) The planned take-off mass of an aeroplane is 180 000 kg, with its centre of gravity located at 31 % MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Cord). Shortly
prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that 4 000 kg must be loaded in cargo 1. After loading this cargo, the new centre of gravity
location will be:
A. 25 %
B. 28 %
C. 37 %
D. 34 %
4. Q(5623) Using the data given in the Load & Trim sheet, determine from the following the correct values for the take off mass and the position of the
centre of gravity at that mass if the fuel index correction to be applied is given as - 0.9
A. 22.6 %
B. 20.1 %
C. 17.5 %
D. 20.3 %
5. Q(2735) At reference or see Loading Manual MEP1 Figure 3.4. With respect to multi-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the block fuel
moment (lbs.In.) in the following conditions: Basic empty mass: 3 210 lbs. One pilot: 160 lbs. Front seat passenger : 200 lbs. Centre seat passengers:
290 lbs. (total) One passenger rear seat: 110 lbs. Baggage in zone 1: 100 lbs. Baggage in zone 4: 50 lbs. Block fuel: 100 US Gal. Trip fuel: 55 US Gal.
Fuel for start up and taxi (included in block fuel): 3 US Gal. Fuel density: 6 lbs./US Gal. Total moment at take-off: 432226 lbs.In
A. 56 160
B. 30 888
C. 9 360
D. 433 906
6. Q(6190) An aircraft has a mass of 5000 lbs and the CG is located at 80 in aft of the datum. The aft CG limit is at 80.5 in aft of the datum. What is
the maximum mass that can be loaded into a hold situated 150 in aft of the datum without exceeding the limit?
A. 58.15 lbs
B. 23.15 lbs
C. 39.50 lbs
D. 35.97 lbs
7. Q(1086) A jet aeroplane, with the geometrical characteristics shown in the appendix, has a take-off weight (W) of 460 000 N and a centre of gravity
(point G on annex) located at 15.40 m from the zero reference point. At the last moment the station manager has 12 000 N of freight added in the
forward compartment at 10 m from the zero reference point. The final location of the centre of gravity, calculated in percentage of mean aerodynamic
chord AB (from point A), is equal to:
A. 27.5 %.
B. 16.9 %.
C. 30.4 %.
D. 35.5 %.
8. Q(1960) In mass and balance calculations the "index" is:
A. the range of moments the centre of gravity (cg) can have without making the aeroplane unsafe to fly.
B. a location in the aeroplane identified by a number.
C. an imaginary vertical plane or line from which all measurements are taken.
D. is a figure without unit of measurement which represents a moment.
9. Q(1085) Given: Total mass: 7500 kg, Centre of gravity (cg) location station: 80.5, Aft cg limit station: 79.5. How much cargo must be shifted from the
aft cargo compartment at station 150 to the forward cargo compartment at station 30 in order to move the cg location to the aft limit?
A. 65.8 kg.
B. 73.5 kg.
C. 68.9 kg.
D. 62.5 kg.
10. Q(400) If 390 Ibs of cargo are moved from compartment B (aft) to compartment A (forward), what is the station number of the new centre of gravity
(cg). Given : Gross mass 116.500 Ibs, Present cg station 435.0, Compartment A station 285.5, Compartment B station 792.5
A. 433.3
B. 463.7
C. 436.7
D. 506.3
11. Q(5161) The weight and balance sheet is available and contrary to the forecast, cargo compartment 1 is empty. The zero fuel weight centre of
gravity in MAC % (Mean Aerodynamic Chord) is located at:
A. 26 %
B. 32 %
C. 31.5 %
D. 35.5 %
12. Q(6193) If the CG position is 30m aft of the datum after 3,000 kg was added to a hold 50m aft of the datum and the original weight was 24,000
kg, the original CG arm was:
A. 27.5m
B. 34.2m
C. 41.4m
D. 50.0m
13. Q(6184) Given the following information, calculate the loaded centre of gravity (cg). STATION MASS(kg) / Balance Arm (cm) / MOMENT (kgcm)
Basic Empty Condition: 12045 / +30 / +361350 Crew: 145 / -160 / -23200 Freight1: 5455 / +200 / +1091000 Freight2: 410 / -40 / -16400 Fuel:
6045 / -8 / -48360 Oil: 124 / +40 / +4960
A. 60.16cm aft datum.

B. 56.35cm aft datum.
C. 53.35cm aft datum.
D. 56.53cm aft datum.
14. Q(6198) An aircraft of mass 17,400 kg, has its CG at station 122.2. The CG limits are 118 to 122. How much cargo must be moved from the rear
hold at station 162 to the forward hold at station -100 (forward of the datum) to bring the CG to the mid position of its range?
A. 119.9 kg
B. 146.1 kg
C. 55.3 kg
D. 99.9 kg
15. Q(14392) Using the reference provided, without the crew, the weight and the CG position of the aircraft are 7 000 kg and 4.70m. The mass of the
pilot is 90 kg, the mass of the co-pilot is 75 kg and the mass of the flight engineer is 90 kg. With this crew on board, the CG position of the aircraft will
be:
A. 4.455m
B. 4.783m
C. 0.217m
D. 4.615m
16. Q(1642) The total mass of an aeroplane is 9000 kg. The centre of gravity (cg) position is at 2.0 m from the datum line. The aft limit for cg is at 2.1
m from the datum line. What mass of cargo must be shifted from the front cargo hold (at 0.8 m from the datum) to the aft hold (at 3.8 m), to move the
cg to the aft limit?
A. 300 kg
B. 900 kg
C. 30.0 kg
D. 196 kg
17. Q(6185) The position of the centre of gravity can always be determined by:
A. Dividing the total moment by the total mass.
B. Dividing the total mass by the total moment.
C. Subtracting the total mass from the total moment.
D. Subtracting the total moment from the total mass.
18. Q(6187) An aircraft has a mass of 7900kg and the CG is located at 81.2 in aft of the datum. If a package of mass 250 kg was loaded in a hold
situated 32 in aft of the datum, what would the new CG position be?
A. 74.4 inches
B. 89.3 inches
C. 88.1 inches
D. 79.7 inches
19. Q(5624) Using the data given at the appendix to this question, if the fuel index corrections (from ZFM index) are as follows 9500 kg - 0.9 6500 kg -
6.1 3500 kg - 4.7 3000 kg - 4.3 Which of the following represent the correct values for landing mass of the aeroplane and the position of the centre of
gravity for this condition ?
A. 49130 kg and 21.8 %

B. 49130 kg and 19 %
C. 52900 kg and 21.6 %
D. 52900kg and 19 %
20. Q(298) The mass of an aircraft is 1950 kg. If 450 kg is added to a cargo hold 1.75 metres from the loaded centre of gravity (cg). The loaded cg will
move:
A. 34 cm.
B. 33 cm.
C. 40 cm.
D. 30 cm.
21. Q(1963) Given the following information, calculate the loaded centre of gravity (cg). Details at reference.
A. 53.35 cm aft datum.
B. 60.16 cm aft datum.
C. 56.35 cm aft datum.
D. 56.53 cm aft datum.
22. Q(6188) Given: C of G is located at STN 15 Aeroplane mass is 3650 lbs. What is the effect on the C of G if you move baggage (total mass 64 lbs)
from STN 14 to STN 20?
A. It moves AFT by 0.1 units

B. It moves AFT by 0.3 units
C. It moves FWD by 0.13 units
D. It moves AFT by 0.31 units
23. Q(1964) Given are the following information at take-off. Details at reference Given that the flight time is 2 hours and the estimated fuel flow will be
1050 litres per hour and the average oil consumption will be 2.25 litres per hour. The specific density of fuel is 0.79 and the specific density of oil is
0.96. Calculate the landing centre of gravity
A. 61.26 cm aft of datum.
B. 61.27 cm aft of datum.
C. 61.29 cm aft of datum.
D. 61.28 cm aft of datum.
24. Q(5629) An aeroplane is carrying a traffic load of 10320 kg. Complete the necessary sections of the attached appendix and determine which of
the answers given below represents the maximum increase in the traffic load.
A. 8268 kg
B. 655 kg
C. 1830 kg
D. 7000 kg
25. Q(2736) See Loading Manual MEP1 Figure 3.4. With respect to a multi-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the total moment (lbs.In) at
landing in the following conditions: Basic empty mass: 3 210 lbs. One pilot: 160 lbs. Front seat passenger : 200 lbs. Centre seat passengers: 290 lbs.
(total) One passenger rear seat: 110 lbs. Baggage in zone 1: 100 lbs. Baggage in zone 4: 50 lbs. Block fuel: 100 US Gal. Trip fuel: 55 US Gal. Fuel for
start up and taxi (included in block fuel): 3 US Gal. Fuel density: 6 lbs./US Gal. Total moment at take-off: 432226 lbs.In
A. 377 746
B. 401 338
C. 433 906
D. 432 221
26. Q(1646) Assume: Aircraft actual mass: 4750 kg Centre of gravity at station: 115.8 What will be the new position of the centre of gravity if 100 kg is
moved from the station 30 to station 120?
A. Station 118.33
B. Station 118.25
C. Station 117.69
D. Station 120.22
27. Q(6194) An aircraft has a loaded mass of 5,500 lbs. The CG is 22 inches aft of the datum. A passenger, mass 150 lbs, moves aft from row 1 to
row 3 a distance of 70 inches. What will be the new position of the CG (assuming all dimensions aft of the datum) ?
A. 26.3 inches
B. 22.9 inches
C. 23.9 inches
D. 21.1 inches
28. Q(6195) If the C.G. position is 21% MAC, the MAC is 73 inches, and the C.G. datum is 26 inches aft of the leading edge of the MAC, what is the
C.G. position relative to the datum?
A. 41.33 inches aft of datum.

B. 10.67 inches aft of datum.
C. 41.33 inches fwd of datum.
D. 10.67 inches fwd of datum.
29. Q(5275) A turbojet aeroplane is parked with the following data: Corrected dry operating mass: 110 100 kg, Basic corrected index: 118.6, Take-off
mass: 200 000 kg; centre of gravity (C.G.) location: 32 %. Distance from reference point to leading edge: 14m Length of MAC = 4.6m. Initial cargo
distribution: cargo 1: 4 000 kg (2.73m from reference point); cargo 2: 2 000 kg (8.55 m from reference point) ; cargo 3: 2 000 kg (16.49m from
reference point) ; cargo 4 = empty (21.13 m from reference point) For perfomance reasons, the captain decides to redistribute part of the cargo
loading between cargo compartments, in order to take off with a new C.G. location of 34 %. He asks for a transfer of:
A. 1 000 kg from cargo 3 to cargo 1

B. 1 000 kg from cargo 1 to cargo 4
C. 1 500 kg from cargo 3 to cargo 1
D. 500 kg from cargo 1 to cargo 3
30. Q(5311) Prior to engine start a turbojet aeroplane has the following data: Corrected Dry Operating Mass: 110 100 kg. Basic corrected index: 118.6.
Take off mass: 200 000Kg. C of G location: 32% MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Cord). Leading edge to reference point: 14m. Length MAC: 4.6m. Initial
cargo distribution: cargo 1 = 4 000 kg at 2.73m from ref point. Cargo 2 = 2 000 kg at 8.55m from ref point. Cargo 3 = 2 000 kg at 16.49m from ref
point. Cargo 4 = empty at 21.13m. To maximize performance, the captain decides to redistribute part of the cargo load between cargo holds. In order
to take off with a new centre of gravity location at 34 % MAC, load must be transferred as follows:
A. 1 000 Kg from cargo hold 1 to cargo hold 4

B. 1 500 kg from cargo hold 1 to cargo hold 4
C. 500 Kg from cargo hold 3 to cargo hold 1
D. 1 000 kg from cargo hold 1 to cargo hold 3
31. Q(5622) Using the data given in the Load & Trim sheet, determine which of the following gives the correct values for the Zero Fuel Mass and
position of the centre of gravity (% MAC) at that mass.
A. 46130 Kg and 17.8%

B. 46130 Kg and 20.8%
C. 41300 Kg and 17.8%
D. 51300 Kg and 20.8%
32. Q(5160) Just prior to departure, you accept 10 passengers additional on board who will be seated in "compartment OA" and you have 750 kg
unloaded from cargo compartment 5. The take-off centre of gravity in MAC % (Mean Aerodynamic Chord) will be located at:
A. 27.2 %
B. 28.5 %
C. 30.5 %
D. 27.8 %
33. Q(6192) The CG limits of an aircraft are from 72 inches to 77 inches aft of the datum. If the mass is 3700 kg and the CG position is 76.5 inches
aft of the datum, what will the change to the CG position be if 60 Kgs is removed from the fwd hold located at 147 in fwd of the datum?
A. 4.66 inches
B. 3.31 inches
C. 2.12 inches
D. 3.68 inches
34. Q(5462) Without the crew, the mass and longitudinal CG position of the aircraft are 6 000 kg and 4,70m. - the mass of the pilot is 90 kg - the mass
of the copilot is 100 kg - the mass of the flight engineer is 80 kg With the crew, the mass and longitudinal CG position of the aircraft are :
A. 6 270 kg and 5.012 m
B. 6 270 kg and 4.796 m
C. 6 270 kg and 4.594 m
D. 6 270 kg and 4.61 m
35. Q(5625) Using the data given at the appendix, determine which of the following correctly gives the values of the Zero Fuel Mass (ZFM) of the
aeroplane and the load index at ZFM
A. 35100 kg and 20.5

B. 48600 kg and 57.0
C. 46300 kg and 20.5
D. 51300 kg and 57.0
36. Q(2737) At reference or see Loading Manual MEP1 Figure 3.4. With respect to a multi-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the CG
location at take off in the following conditions: Basic empty mass: 3 210 lbs. One pilot: 160 lbs. Front seat passenger : 200 lbs. Centre seat
passengers: 290 lbs. (total) One passenger rear seat: 110 lbs. Baggage in zone 1: 100 lbs. Baggage in zone 4: 50 lbs. Zero Fuel Mass: 4120 lbs.
Moment at Zero Fuel Mass: 377751 lbs.In Block fuel: 100 US Gal. Trip fuel: 55 US Gal. Fuel for start up and taxi (included in block fuel): 3 US Gal.
Fuel density: 6 lbs./US Gal.
A. 91.69 inches aft of datum

B. 93.60 inches aft of datum
C. 91.92 inches aft of datum
D. 91.84 inches aft of datum
37. Q(5473) At reference. Without the crew, the weight and the CG-position of the aircraft are 7 000 kg and 4,70m. - the mass of the pilot is 90 kg -
the mass of the copilot is 75 kg - the mass of the flight engineer is 90 kg With this crew on board, the CG-position of the aircraft will be:
A. 4,615 m
B. 4,455 m
C. 4,783 m
D. 0,217 m
38. Q(3673) Length of the mean aerodynamic chord = 1 m Moment arm of the forward cargo: -0,50 m Moment arm of the aft cargo: + 2,50 m The
aircraft mass is 2 200 kg and its centre of gravity is at 25% MAC To move the centre of gravity to 40%, which mass has to be transferred from the
forward to the aft cargo hold?
A. 104 kg
B. 183 kg
C. 110 kg
D. 165 kg
39. Q(6191) The CG limits of an aircraft are from 83 inches to 93 inches aft of the datum. The CG as loaded is bound to be at 81 inches aft of the
datum. The loaded mass is 3240 lbs. How much mass must be moved from the forward hold, 25 inches aft of the datum, to the aft hold, 142 inches
aft of the datum, to bring the CG onto the forward limit?
A. 55.38 lbs
B. 22.49 lbs
C. 82.09 lbs
D. 74.96 lbs
40. Q(3575) Determine the Landing Mass for the following single engine aeroplane. Given: Standard Empty Mass :1764 lbs Optional Equipment : 35
lbs Pilot Front seat passenger : 300 lbs Cargo Mass : 350 lbs Ramp Fuel = Block Fuel : 60 Gal. Trip Fuel : 35 Gal. Taxi Fuel 1.7 Gal. Fuel density: 6
lbs/Gal Determine the expected landing mass.
A. 2659 lbs
B. 2589 lbs
C. 2799 lbs
D. 2449 lbs
41. Q(3574) Determine the Zero Fuel Mass for the following single engine aeroplane. Given : Basic Empty Mass: 1799 lbs Optional Equipment: 35 lbs
Pilot Front seat passenger : 300 lbs Cargo Mass : 350 lbs Ramp Fuel = Block Fuel : 60 Gal. Trip Fuel : 35 Gal. Fuel density : 6 lbs/Gal.
A. 2414 lbs
B. 2589 lbs
C. 2659 lbs
D. 2449 lbs
42. Q(6199) The loaded mass of the aircraft is found to be 1850 lbs and the CG moment 154,000 lbs in. How much mass must be moved from the
forward hold 40 inches aft of the datum, to the rear hold, 158 inches aft of the datum, to bring the CG on the forward limit? (CG limits are 86 inches
fwd and 90 inches aft)
A. 43.2 lbs
B. 50.9 lbs
C. 66.0 lbs
D. 23.1 lbs
43. Q(6197) Once the mass and balance documentation has been signed prior to flight:
A. Acceptable last minute changes to the load must be documented.

B. The documentation is not signed prior to flight.
C. Documented last minute changes to the load may be incorporated.
D. No load alterations are allowed.
44. Q(5626) From the data given at the appendix and assuming a fuel index shift of - 5.7 from the ZFM loaded index, determine which of the following
is the correct value (percentage MAC) for the position of the centre of gravity at Take Off Mass.
A. 19.5 %
B. 14 %
C. 15 %
D. 18.5 %
45. Q(1084) Given: Total mass 2900 kg Centre of gravity (cg) location station: 115 Aft cg limit station: 116 The maximum mass that can be added at
station 130 is:
A. 14 kg.
B. 140 kg.
C. 317 kg.
D. 207 kg.
46. Q(2734) At reference or see Loading Manual MEP1 Figure 3.4. With respect to multi-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the ramp mass
(lbs) in the following conditions: Basic empty mass: 3 210 lbs, Basic arm: 88.5 Inches, One pilot: 160 lbs, Front seat passenger : 200 lbs, Centre seat
passengers: 290 lbs, One passenger rear seat: 110 lbs, Baggage in zone 1: 100 lbs, Baggage in zone 4: 50 lbs, Block fuel: 100 US Gal. Trip fuel: 55
US Gal. Fuel for start up and taxi (included in block fuel): 3 US Gal. Fuel density: 6 lbs/US Gal.
A. 4 720
B. 4 390
C. 4 372
D. 4 120
47. Q(5158) Contrary to the forecast given in the LOAD and TRIM sheet, cargo compartment 1 is empty. The take-off centre of gravity in MAC % (Mean
Aerodynamic Chord) will be located at:
A. 32.5 %
B. 36 %
C. 31 %
D. 25 %
48. Q(6189) An aircraft has three holds situated 10 in 100 in and 250 in aft of the datum, identified as holds A,B and C respectively. The total aircraft
mass is 3500 kg and the CG is 70 in aft of the datum. The CG limits are from 40 in to 70 in aft of the datum. How much load must be removed from
hold C to ensure that the CG is positioned on the forward limit?
A. 350kg
B. 400kg
C. 500kg
D. 250kg
49. Q(1965) Given that the total mass of an aeroplane is 112 000 kg with a centre of gravity position at 22.62m aft of the datum. The centre of gravity
limits are between 18m and 22m. How much mass must be removed from the rear hold (30 m aft of the datum) to move the centre of gravity to the
middle of the limits:
A. 29 344 kg
B. 16 529 kg
C. 43 120 kg
D. 8 680 kg
50. Q(5159) Contrary to the loading sheet forecasts you have : Cargo compartment 1: empty. Cargo compartment 2: 1000Kg. Cargo compartment 3:
3000Kg. Cargo compartment 4: 2000Kg. Cargo compartment 5: 1000Kg. Passengers in compartment OA: 20. Passengers in compartment OB: 20.
Passengers in compartment OC: 30. The take-off centre of gravity in MAC % (Mean Aerodynamic Chord), will be located at:
A. 32.5 %
B. 31.5 %
C. 35.5 %
D. 24.5 %
51. Q(6186) If an aircraft weight = 2000kg and 400kg of freight is added to a hold 2m aft of the present CG position, the movement of the CG is:
A. 0.4m aft
B. 0.33 aft
C. 0.4m forward
D. 0.33 forward
52. Q(5312) The planned take-off mass of a turbojet aeroplane is 180 000 kg, with its centre of gravity located at 26 % MAC (Mean Aerodynamic
Cord). Shortly prior to engine start, the local staff informs the flight crew that 4 000 kg must be unloaded from cargo 4. After the handling operation,
the new centre of gravity location in % MAC will be:
A. 21.8 %
B. 30.2 %
C. 20.0 %
D. 23.0 %
53. Q(6201) An aeroplane has a zero fuel mass of 47,800kg and a performance limited take-off mass of 62,600kg. The distances of the leading edge
and trailing edge of the MAC from the datum are 16m and 19.5m respectively. What quantity of fuel must be taken up to move the CG from 30% MAC
to 23% MAC if the tank arm is 16m aft of the datum and the fuel SG is 0.72.
A. 3990 Kg
B. 4213 US Gallons
C. 8850 L
D. 4455 IMP Gallons
54. Q(1950) Given: Aeroplane mass = 36 000 kg Centre of gravity (cg) is located at station 17 m What is the effect on cg location if you move 20
passengers (total mass = 1 600 kg) from station 16 to station 23?
A. It moves aft by 3.22 m.

B. It moves aft by 0.31 m.
C. It moves aft by 0.157 m.
D. It moves forward by 0.157 m.
55. Q(5293) An aeroplane, whose specific data is shown in the annex, has a planned take-off mass of 200 000 kg, with its centre of gravity (C.G.)
located at 15.38 m rearward of the reference point, representing a C.G. location at 30 % MAC (Mean Aerodynamic Cord). The current cargo load
distribution is: front cargo: 6 500 kg; rear cargo: 4 000 kg. For performance purposes, the captain decides to reset the value of the centre of gravity
location to 33 % MAC. The front and rear cargo compartments are located at a distance of 15 m and 25 m from the reference point respectively. After
the transfer operation, the new cargo load distribution is:
A. front cargo: 4 550 kg; rear cargo: 5 950 kg
B. front cargo: 6 760 kg; rear cargo: 3 740 kg
C. front cargo: 3 740 kg; rear cargo: 6 760 kg
D. front cargo: 9 260 kg; rear cargo: 1 240 kg
56. Q(3573) At reference or see Loading Manual SEP1 Figure 2.4. With respect to a single-engine piston powered aeroplane, determine the zero fuel
moment (lbs.In./100) in the following conditions: Basic Empty Mass: 2415 lbs. Arm at Basic Empty Mass: 77,9 In. Cargo Zone A: 350 lbs. Baggage
Zone B: 35 lbs. Pilot and front seat passenger : 300 lbs (total)
A. 2311,8
B. 6675
C. 2548,8
D. 2496,3
57. Q(1659) An aeroplane with a two wheel nose gear and four main wheels rests on the ground with a single nose wheel load of 500 kg and a single
main wheel load of 6000 kg. The distance between the nose wheels and the main wheels is 10 meter. How far is the centre of gravity in front of the
main wheels?
A. 40 cm.
B. 41.6 cm.
C. 25 cm.
D. 4 meter.
06 Cargo Handling
1. Q(4516) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9. From the loading manual for the jet transport aeroplane, the maximum floor loading
intensity for the aft cargo compartment is :
A. 150 kg per square foot.

B. 68 Lbs per square foot.
C. 68 kg per square metre.
D. 68 kg per square foot.
2. Q(5481) The floor of the main cargo hold is limited to 4 000 N/m2. It is planned to load a cubic container each side of which measures 0.5m. Its
maximum gross mass must not exceed: (assume g=10m/s2)
A. 1 000 kg
B. 5 000 kg
C. 100 kg
D. 500 kg
3. Q(806) The maximum load per running metre of an aircraft is 350 kg/m. The width of the floor area is 2 metres. The floor strength limitation is 300
kg per square metre. Which one of the following crates (length x width x height) can be loaded directly on the floor?
A. A load of 400 kg in a crate with dimensions 1.2 m x 1.2 m x 1.2 m.

B. A load of 700 kg in a crate with dimensions 1.8 m x 1.4 m x 0.8 m.
C. A load of 500 kg in a crate with dimensions 1.5 m x 1 m x 1 m.
D. A load of 400 kg in a crate with dimensions 1.4 m x 0.8 m x 0.8 m.
4. Q(4517) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9. From the loading manual for the transport aeroplane, the aft cargo compartment
has a maximum total load of :
A. 3062 kg
B. 4187 kg
C. 1568 kg
D. 9232 kg
5. Q(1961) Loads must be adequately secured in order to:
A. avoid unplanned centre of gravity (cg) movement and aircraft damage.

B. allow steep turns.
C. avoid any centre of gravity (cg) movement during flight.
D. prevent excessive 'g'-loading during the landing flare.
6. Q(4500) The maximum intensity floor loading for an aeroplane is given in the Flight Manual as 650 kg per square metre. What is the maximum mass
of a package which can be safely supported on a pallet with dimensions of 80 cm by 80 cm?
A. 1015.6 kg
B. 41.6 kg
C. 101.6 kg
D. 416.0 kg
7. Q(6202) Given: Maximum Floor Strength = 300 kg/m² Maximum Running Load = 350 kg/m Which of the following loads is legally permissible?
A. 700 Kgs - Dimensions 1.8m x 1.4m x 0.8m

B. 400 Kgs - Dimensions 1.4m x 0.8m x 0.8m
C. 400 Kgs - Dimensions 1.2m x 1.2m x 1.2m
D. 500 Kgs - Dimensions 1.5m x 1m x 1m
8. Q(5471) The floor limit of an aircraft cargo hold is 5 000 N/m2. It is planned to load-up a cubic container measuring 0,4 m of side. It's maximum
gross mass must not exceed: (assume g=10m/s2)
A. 32 kg
B. 320 kg
C. 80 kg
D. 800 kg
9. Q(4502) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9. A pallet having a freight platform which measures 200 cm x 250 cm has a total
9. Q(4502) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9. A pallet having a freight platform which measures 200 cm x 250 cm has a total
mass of 300 kg. The pallet is carried on two ground supports each measuring 20 cm x 200 cm. Using the loading manual for the transport aeroplane,
calculate how much mass may be added to, or must be off loaded from, the pallet in order for the load intensity to match the maximum permitted
distribution load intensity for lower deck forward cargo compartment.
A. 28.5 kg must be off loaded.

B. 28.5 kg may be added.
C. 158.3 kg must be off loaded.
D. 285.6 kg may be added.
10. Q(14059) The maximum floor loading for a cargo compartment in an aircraft is given as 750 kg per square metre. A package with a mass of 600
kg. is to be loaded. Assuming the pallet base is entirely in contact with the floor, which of the following is the minimum size pallet that can be used ?
A. 40 cm by 300 cm
B. 40 cm by 200 cm
C. 30 cm by 200 cm
D. 30 cm by 300 cm
11. Q(4518) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9. From the Loading Manual for the transport aeroplane, the maximum load that can
be carried in that section of the aft cargo compartment which has a balance arm centroid at :
A. 421.5 inches is 4541 kg.
B. 835.5 inches is 6752 kg.
C. 835.5 inches is 3062 kg.
D. 421.5 inches is 2059 Lbs.
12. Q(4498) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9. Referring to the loading manual for the transport aeroplane, the maximum load
intensity for the lower forward cargo compartment is:
A. 7288 kg in forward compartment and 9232 kg in aft compartment.

B. 68 kg per square foot.
C. 3305 kg in forward compartment and 4187 kg in aft compartment.
D. 150 kg per square foot.
13. Q(4497) At reference or see Loading Manual MRJT 1 Figure 4.9. Referring to the loading manual for the transport aeroplane, the maximum running
load for the aft section of the forward lower deck cargo compartment is:
A. 13.12 kg per inch.

B. 7.18 kg per inch.
C. 14.65 kg per inch.
D. 13.15 kg per inch.
14. Q(4499) The maximum floor loading for a cargo compartment in an aeroplane is given as 750 kg per square metre. A package with a mass of 600
kg. is to be loaded. Assuming the pallet base is entirely in contact with the floor, which of the following is the minimum size pallet that can be used ?
A. 40 cm by 300 cm
B. 30 cm by 300 cm
C. 40 cm by 200 cm
D. 30 cm by 200 cm
© 2014 - Ayjet 44.Dönem - Take It Easy Champ

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What is the maximum floor loading for cargo compartments given in the document?

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What is the maximum running load for the aft section of the forward lower deck cargo compartment according to the loading manual?

What is the maximum running load for the aft section of the forward lower deck cargo compartment according to the loading manual?

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take it easy champ

Mass & Balance

A. a landing further along the runway than normal.

A. Lower stalling speed.

A. will be greater than required.

A. remain constant, drag will increase and endurance will increase.

5. Q(4376) Which of the following statements is correct?

A. become heavier making the aeroplane more easy to manouevre in pitch.

A. reduced maximum cruise range.

A. the aeroplane will rotate much earlier than expected.

A. to the maximum allowable mass with the most forward CG.

A. low gross mass and aft centre of gravity.

A. Mass added or removed at the neutral point.

A. extremely unstable and require small elevator control to change pitch.

18. Q(4508) An aeroplane is said to be 'neutrally stable'. This is likely to:

A. be caused by a centre of gravity which is towards the forward limit.

A. the centre of gravity may be towards the aft limit.

20. Q(7297) In cruise flight, an aft centre of gravity location will:

A. Decrease longitudinal static stability.

A. Improvement in nose wheel steering.

A. A decrease of the stalling speed.

A. The need to maintain a low value of stalling speed.

24. Q(2051) What determines the longitudinal stability of an aeroplane ?

A. The dihedral, angle of sweepback and the keel effect.

25. Q(6120) Who establishes the limits C of G?

27. Q(13460) In cruise flight, a centre of gravity moving aft will:

A. decrease longitudinal static stability

28. Q(4378) Which of the following statements is correct?

A. an increase in longitudinal stability.

30. Q(6119) The Centre of Gravity of an aeroplane:

A. Must be maintained in a fixed position by careful distribution of the load.

A. no distortion, permanent or temporary of the structure

A. tend to over rotate during take-off.

33. Q(13080) Allowed traffic load is the difference between:

34. Q(4377) Which of the following statements is correct?

A. the approach path will be steeper.

36. Q(5459) The mass displacement caused by landing gear extension:

A. creates a pitch-down longitudinal moment

A. Stalling speeds will be lower.

A. The aeroplane cannot land safely because it is above its MSLM.

2. Q(299) The Dry Operating Mass includes:

A. passengers baggage and cargo.

3. Q(6128) The Basic Empty Mass is the:

A. Landing mass minus the traffic load.

A. higher with a forward centre of gravity position.

9. Q(6141) 125,988 kg is how many pounds?

10. Q(4483) The empty mass of an aeroplane is recorded in

A. Male 80 Kg, Female 70 Kg.

13. Q(6138) 125 USG of Avgas in Litres is?

A. usable fuel, potable water and lavatory chemicals.

A. Maximum take-off mass decreased by the fuel burn.

A. usable fuel and crew.

A. unuseable and crew standard mass.

23. Q(13472) Overloading has the following effects on performance: