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    CHEfirst Pu Notes 2

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    Purushotham Vishwakarma

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    CHEfirst Pu Notes 2

    Uploaded by

    Purushotham Vishwakarma
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    CHEfirst pu notes 2

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    6 views5 pages

    CHEfirst Pu Notes 2

    Uploaded by

    Purushotham Vishwakarma

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    CHAPTER – 2

    STRUCTURE OF ATOM

    MCQ’s
    1. Which of the following conclusions could not be derived from Rutherford's α -
    particle scattering experiment?
    (a) Most of the space in the atom is empty.
    (b) The radius of the atom is about 10–10 m while that of a nucleus is 10–15 m.
    (c) Electrons move in a circular path of fixed energy called orbits.
    (d) Electrons and the nucleus are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction
    2. Which of the following options does not represent ground state electronic
    configuration of an atom?
    (a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2
    (b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2
    (c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1
    (d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
    3. The probability density plots of 1s and 2s orbitals are given in Fig

    1s 2s
    The density of dots in a region represents the probability density of finding electrons in the
    region. Based on the above diagram which of the following statements is incorrect?
    (a) 1s and 2s orbitals are spherical.
    (b) The probability of finding the electron is maximum near the nucleus.
    (c) The probability of finding the electron at a given distance is equal in all directions.
    (d) The probability density of electrons for 2s orbital decreases uniformly as the distance
    from the nucleus increases.
    4. Which of the following statement is not correct about the characteristics of cathode
    rays?
    (a) They start from the cathode and move towards the anode.
    (b) They travel in a straight line in the absence of an external electrical or magnetic field.
    (c) Characteristics of cathode rays do not depend upon the material of electrodes in a
    cathode ray tube.
    (d) Characteristics of cathode rays depend upon the nature of gas present in the cathode ray
    tube.
    5. Which of the following statements about the electron is incorrect?
    (a) It is a negatively charged particle.
    (b) The mass of an electron is equal to the mass of a neutron.
    (c) It is a basic constituent of all atoms.
    (d) It is a constituent of cathode rays.
    6. Which of the following properties of an atom could be explained correctly by
    Thomson Model of an atom?
    (a) Overall neutrality of atom.
    (b) Spectra of a hydrogen atom.
    (c) Position of electrons, protons and neutrons in an atom.
    (d) Stability of atom.
    7. Two atoms are said to be isobars if.
    (a) they have the same atomic number but a different mass number.
    (b) they have the same number of electrons but a different number of neutrons.
    (c) they have the same number of neutrons but a different number of electrons.
    (d) the sum of the number of protons and neutrons is the same but the number of protons is
    different.
    8. The number of radial nodes for 3p orbital is __________.
    (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 d) 1
    9. Number of angular nodes for 4d orbital is __________.
    (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
    10. Which of the following is responsible to rule out the existence of definite paths or
    trajectories of electrons?
    (a) Pauli's exclusion principle. (b) Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
    (c) Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity. (d) Aufbau principle.
    11. A total number of orbitals associated with the third shell will be __________.
    (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 3
    12. Orbital angular momentum depends on __________.
    (a) l (b) n and l (c) n and m (d) m and s
    13. Chlorine exists in two isotopic forms, Cl-37 and Cl-35 but its atomic mass is 35.5.
    This indicates the ratio of Cl-37 and Cl-35 is approximately
    (a) 1:2 (b) 1:1 (c) 1:3 (d) 3:1
    14. The pair of ions having same electronic configuration is __________.
    (a) Cr3+, Fe3+ (b) Fe3+, Mn2+
    (c) Fe3+, Co3+ (d) Sc3+, Cr3+
    15. For the electrons of an oxygen atom, which of the following statements is correct?
    (a) Zeff for an electron in a 2s orbital is the same as Zeff for an electron in a 2p orbital.
    (b) An electron in the 2s orbital has the same energy as an electron in the 2p orbital.
    (c) Zeff for an electron in 1s orbital is the same as Zeff for an electron in a 2s orbital.
    (d) The two electrons present in the 2s orbital have spin quantum numbers ms but of
    opposite sign
    16. If travelling at the same speeds, which of the following matter waves have the
    shortest wavelength?
    (a) Electron (b) An alpha particle (He2+)
    (c) Neutron (d) Proton
    17. Identify the pairs which are not of isotopes?
    (a) 6X12 , 6Y13 (b) 17X35 , 6Y37
    (c) 6X14 , 7Y14 (d) 4X8 , 5Y
    18. In which of the following pairs, the ions are iso-electronic?
    (a) Na+ , Mg2+ (b) Al3+, O-
    (c) Na+ , O2- (d) N3- , Cl

    QUESTIONS CARRYING ONE MARK:

    1. Name the fundamental particles of an atom.


    Ans: Protons, Neutrons and electrons

    2. What are cathode rays?


    Ans: The particles moving in the discharge tube from cathode to anode.

    3. In which conditions cathode rays travel in straight line.


    Ans: In the absence of electrical or magnetic field.

    4. What are canal rays?


    Ans: The particles carrying positive charge in a discharge tube.

    5. Who discovered neutron?


    Ans: James Chad Wick.

    6. What are orbits?


    Ans: The circular path of an electron moving around the nucleus of an atom.

    7. What is atomic number?


    Ans: No. of Protons present in the nucleus or No. of electrons in a neutral atom.

    8. What are isotopes?


    Ans: Atoms of the same element having identical atomic Number but different mass No.

    9. What are isobars?


    Ans: Atoms of different elements having same mass No. but different atomicNo.

    10. What is the value of speed of light in vacuum?


    Ans: 3.0x108m/s.

    11. Define wave number.


    Ans: Number of wave lengths per unit length is called wave number.

    12. What is the value of Planck’s constant?


    Ans: 6.626x10-34Js.

    13. What is blackbody?


    Ans: The ideal body which emits and absorbs radiations of all frequency.

    14. What is photoelectric effect?


    Ans: The ejection of electrons from metal surface when radiation strikes it.

    15. What is threshold frequency?


    Ans: The minimum frequency below which photoelectric effect is not observed.

    16. What is emission spectrum?


    Ans: The spectrum of radiation emitted by a substance that has absorbed energy is called an
    emission spectrum.

    17. What is spectroscopy?


    Ans: The study of emission or absorption spectra is known as spectroscopy.

    18. Name the series of spectral line of hydrogen obtained in visible region.
    Ans: Balmer series

    19. What is Zeeman effect?


    Ans: The splitting of spectral lines in the presence of magnetic field.

    20. What does quantum mechanics deal with?


    Ans: It deals with dual behavior of matter.

    21. What is Schrödinger equation?


    Ans: H ψ = Eψ

    22. What are quantum numbers?


    Ans: Quantum Numbers specify the energy, size, shape and orientation of an orbital.

    23. What is the significance and possible values of


    a) principal quantum number(n); (b) azimuthal quantum number (l); (c) magnetic
    quantum number (ml); (d) spin quantum number (ms)?
    Ans: a. It determines the size and energy of the orbital. n=1,2,3… ∞.
    b. It determines the three dimensional shape of the orbital. l=0,1,2,3………….. (n-1).
    c. It gives the spatial orientation of the orbital. m= -l, -(l-1), -(l-2)- - --0,1 (l-2),(l-
    1),l
    d. It refers to orientation of the spin of the electron. +1/2and – 1/2

    24. What is the value of ‘l’ for:- (a) s- sub shell; (b) p- sub shell; (c) d-sub shell; (d) f-
    sub shell; (e) g-sub shell; (f) h- subshell?
    Ans: a) l=0, b)l=1, c) l=2, d)l=3, e) l=4, f) l=5

    25. What is the shape of: (a) s-orbital: (b) p- orbital; (c)d-orbital?
    Ans: a)Spherical b)dumbbell c) double dumb –bell.

    26. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in:
    (a) s- orbital: (b) p- orbitals; (c) d-orbitals; (d)f-orbitals?
    Ans: a)2 b) 6 c)10 d)14

    27. What are degenerate orbitals?


    Ans: Orbital’s having the same energy.

    28. Write the electronic configuration of the following atomic numbers:


    (a) Z=55 (b) Z=29 (c) Z=44.
    Ans: a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 6s1
    b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s1
    c) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d75s1
    What is electronic configuration of an atom?
    Ans: The distribution of electrons into orbital’s of an atom.

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