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    VeBieuDo-21.08.21 - Ngo Thi Thang Nga

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    VeBieuDo-21.08.21 - Ngo Thi Thang Nga

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    VeBieuDo-21.08.21_Ngo Thi Thang Nga

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    VẼ biểu đồ

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views22 pages

    VeBieuDo-21.08.21 - Ngo Thi Thang Nga

    Uploaded by

    mamang9
    VẼ biểu đồ

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 22

    Một số biểu đồ thông dụng

    Ngô Thị Thanh Nga -TLU

    21/08/2021

    1. Đọc dữ liệu, vẽ các biểu đồ


    Một số dữ liệu có sẵn thú vị dạng .table trong packages datasets Titanic, HairEyeColor
    Dữ liệu hoa Iris
    library(datasets)
    str(iris)

    ## 'data.frame': 150 obs. of 5 variables:


    ## $ Sepal.Length: num 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
    ## $ Sepal.Width : num 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
    ## $ Petal.Length: num 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
    ## $ Petal.Width : num 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
    ## $ Species : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1
    1 1 1 1 ...

    head(iris)

    ## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species


    ## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
    ## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
    ## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
    ## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
    ## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
    ## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa

    Sepal: đài hoa


    Petal: cánh hoa

    Biểu đồ cho biến định tính


    table(iris$Species)

    ##
    ## setosa versicolor virginica
    ## 50 50 50

    attach(iris)
    table(Species)
    ## Species
    ## setosa versicolor virginica
    ## 50 50 50

    par(mfrow=c(1,2))
    barplot(table(Species))
    pie(table(Species))

    Vẽ biểu đồ histogram
    names(iris)

    ## [1] "Sepal.Length" "Sepal.Width" "Petal.Length" "Petal.Width" "Species"

    hist(Sepal.Length)
    hist(Sepal.Length[Species=='setosa'])
    hist(Sepal.Length[Species=='versicolor'])
    hist(Sepal.Length[Species=='virginica'])
    #Vẽ
    biểu đồ hộp
    boxplot(Sepal.Length)
    boxplot(Sepal.Length~Species)
    Biểu đồ tán xạ
    plot(Sepal.Length)
    plot(Sepal.Length,Sepal.Width)
    plot(Sepal.Length[Species=='setosa'],Sepal.Width[Species=='setosa'])
    Dữ liệu đặc biệt kiểu .table
    library(datasets)
    Titanic

    ## , , Age = Child, Survived = No


    ##
    ## Sex
    ## Class Male Female
    ## 1st 0 0
    ## 2nd 0 0
    ## 3rd 35 17
    ## Crew 0 0
    ##
    ## , , Age = Adult, Survived = No
    ##
    ## Sex
    ## Class Male Female
    ## 1st 118 4
    ## 2nd 154 13
    ## 3rd 387 89
    ## Crew 670 3
    ##
    ## , , Age = Child, Survived = Yes
    ##
    ## Sex
    ## Class Male Female
    ## 1st 5 1
    ## 2nd 11 13
    ## 3rd 13 14
    ## Crew 0 0
    ##
    ## , , Age = Adult, Survived = Yes
    ##
    ## Sex
    ## Class Male Female
    ## 1st 57 140
    ## 2nd 14 80
    ## 3rd 75 76
    ## Crew 192 20

    Titanic.df=as.data.frame(Titanic)
    Titanic.df

    ## Class Sex Age Survived Freq


    ## 1 1st Male Child No 0
    ## 2 2nd Male Child No 0
    ## 3 3rd Male Child No 35
    ## 4 Crew Male Child No 0
    ## 5 1st Female Child No 0
    ## 6 2nd Female Child No 0
    ## 7 3rd Female Child No 17
    ## 8 Crew Female Child No 0
    ## 9 1st Male Adult No 118
    ## 10 2nd Male Adult No 154
    ## 11 3rd Male Adult No 387
    ## 12 Crew Male Adult No 670
    ## 13 1st Female Adult No 4
    ## 14 2nd Female Adult No 13
    ## 15 3rd Female Adult No 89
    ## 16 Crew Female Adult No 3
    ## 17 1st Male Child Yes 5
    ## 18 2nd Male Child Yes 11
    ## 19 3rd Male Child Yes 13
    ## 20 Crew Male Child Yes 0
    ## 21 1st Female Child Yes 1
    ## 22 2nd Female Child Yes 13
    ## 23 3rd Female Child Yes 14
    ## 24 Crew Female Child Yes 0
    ## 25 1st Male Adult Yes 57
    ## 26 2nd Male Adult Yes 14
    ## 27 3rd Male Adult Yes 75
    ## 28 Crew Male Adult Yes 192
    ## 29 1st Female Adult Yes 140
    ## 30 2nd Female Adult Yes 80
    ## 31 3rd Female Adult Yes 76
    ## 32 Crew Female Adult Yes 20

    attach(Titanic.df)
    sum(Freq[Class=="1st"])

    ## [1] 325

    sum(Freq[Class=="1st"&Survived=='Yes'])

    ## [1] 203

    2. Mô phỏng dữ liệu
    Phân phối nhị thức
    set.seed(19)
    x<- rbinom(100, 20, 0.5)
    hist(x,xlim=c(0,20))

    # Phân
    phối Poisson
    x <- rpois(100, lambda=15)
    hist(x)

    # Phân
    phối mũ
    x<- rexp(150, 0.1)
    par(mfrow=c(1,2))
    hist(x)
    curve(dexp(x,10))
    #Phân
    phối Chi bình phương
    curve(dchisq(x, 1), xlim=c(0,10), ylim=c(0,0.6), col="red", lwd=3)
    curve(dchisq(x, 2), add=T, col="green", lwd=3)
    curve(dchisq(x, 3), add=T, col="blue", lwd=3)
    curve(dchisq(x, 5), add=T, col="orange", lwd=3)
    abline(h=0, lty=3)
    legend(par("usr")[2], par("usr")[4],
    xjust=1,
    c("df=1", "df=2", "df=3", "df=5"), lwd=3, lty=1,
    col=c("red", "green", "blue", "orange"))
    # Phân
    phối Student
    curve(dt(x, 1), xlim=c(-3,3), ylim=c(0,0.4), col="red", lwd=3)
    curve(dt(x, 2), add=T, col="blue", lwd=3)
    curve(dt(x, 5), add=T, col="green", lwd=3)
    curve(dt(x, 10), add=T, col="orange", lwd=3)
    curve(dnorm(x), add=T, lwd=4, lty=3)
    title(main="Student T distributions")
    legend(par("usr")[2], par("usr")[4],xjust=0.9,
    c("df=1", "df=2", "df=5", "df=10", "Std.norm."),
    lwd=c(2,2,2,2,2),
    lty=c(1,1,1,1,3),
    col=c("red", "blue", "green", "orange", par("fg")))
    #Phân
    phối Fisher
    curve(df(x,1,1), xlim=c(0,2), ylim=c(0,0.8), lwd=3)
    curve(df(x,3,1), add=T)
    curve(df(x,6,1), add=T, lwd=3)
    curve(df(x,3,3), add=T, col="red")
    curve(df(x,6,3), add=T, col="red", lwd=3)
    curve(df(x,3,6), add=T, col="blue")
    curve(df(x,6,6), add=T, col="blue", lwd=3)
    title(main="Fisher F distributions")
    legend(par("usr")[2], par("usr")[4],
    xjust=1,
    c("df=1,1", "df=3,1", "df=6,1", "df=3,3", "df=6,3",
    "df=3,6", "df=6,6"),
    lwd=c(1,1,3,1,3,1,3),
    lty=c(2,1,1,1,1,1,1),
    col=c(par("fg"), par("fg"), par("fg"), "red", "blue", "blue"))
    #Dùng
    biểu đồ Q-Q plot so sánh sự tương đồng giữa các phân phối
    #hai phân phối chuẩn
    x=rnorm(1000,12,1)
    y=rnorm(1000,12,1)
    qqplot(x,y)
    #PP
    chuẩn, PP đều
    x=runif(1000,12,111)
    y=rnorm(1000,12,1)
    qqplot(x,y)
    qqnorm(x)
    qqnorm(y)

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