wjUb †gv¯ÍvwdR

weG Abvm© GgG evsjv, weGW dv÷© K¬vm

GgGW XvKv wek^we`¨vjq, Ggwdj M‡elK
cÖfvlK, evsjv
exi‡kÖô b~i †gvnv¤§` cvewjK K‡jR wcjLvbv, XvKv
017111 35 922 | 01818651542 | [email protected]
cÖwZ`vb
RmxgD`&`xb
hv wkL‡eÑ
 gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z wkL‡e|
 mvg¨ev`x `„wófw½ AR©b Ki‡e|
 gvby‡l gvby‡l HK¨ I åvZ…‡Z¡i eÜb m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 †KD Kó w`‡jI Zv‡K ¶gv Ki‡Z wkL‡e|
 Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi gvbwmKZv ˆZwi n‡e|
 gvby‡li wec‡` GwM‡q †h‡Z cvi‡e|
 D`vi I gnr ü`‡qi gvbyl n‡Z cvi‡e|
 ¶gvi gnË¡ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡e|
 civ_©ciZvi Ávb jvf Ki‡e|
 mgv‡Ri gvby‡li cÖwZ wb‡Ri KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡e|
Kwe-cwiwPwZ
bvg RmxgD`&`xb (evbvbwU Gfv‡eB wjL‡e| ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q g‡b ivL‡e)
Rš§ ZvwiL : 1 Rvbyqvwi, 1903 wLªóvã|
Rš§ cwiPq Rš§¯’vb : dwi`cyi †Rjvi Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡gi gvZzjvjq|
wcZ…f‚wg- †Mvwe›`cyi MÖvg|
wcZ… I gvZ… cwiPq wcZvi bvg : AvbmviDwÏb †gvjøv|
gvZvi bvg : Avwgbv LvZzb|
wk¶vRxeb gva¨wgK : Gm.Gm.wm., dwi`cyi wRjv ¯‹zj|
D”P gva¨wgK : GBP.Gm.wm., iv‡R›`ª K‡jR, dwi`cyi|
D”PZi wk¶v : we.G. (cvm), iv‡R›`ª K‡jR, dwi`cyi| Gg.G. (evsjv), 1931 wLª. KjKvZv
wek¦we`¨vjq|
†ckv/ Kg©Rxeb 1931 wLªóvã †_‡K 1937 wLªóvã ch©šÍ KjKvZv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| 1937 wLªóvã †_‡K 1943
wLªóvã ch©šÍ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1944 wLªóv‡ã cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii cÖPvi wefv‡Mi cvewjwmwU
Awdmvi wbhy³ nb| miKvwi PvKwi †_‡K Aemi MÖn‡Yi ci wZwb Avg„Zz¨ mvwnZ¨ mvabvq wbgMœ wQ‡jb|
K‡j‡R Aa¨qbKv‡j ÔKeiÕ KweZv iPbv K‡i L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| QvÎve¯’vqB KweZvwU ¯‹zj cvV¨MÖ‡š’ AšÍf©y³
nq|
mvwnZ¨Kg© KvwnwbKve¨ : b·x-Kuv_vi gvV, †mvRb evw`qvi NvU, mwLbv, gv †h Rbbx Kv‡›`|
LÐKve¨ : ivLvjx, evjyPi, avb‡LZ, iƒceZ©x, gvwUi Kvbœv BZ¨vw`|
M`¨MÖš’ : hv‡`i †`‡LwQ, RxebK_v, VvKzi evwoi AvwObvq, †evev Kvwnbx|
ågYKvwnwb : P‡j gymvwdi|
wkï‡Zvl iPbv : nvmy, GK cqmvi euvwk, Wvwjg Kzgvi, evOvwji nvwmi Mí BZ¨vw`|
bvUK : cÙvcvi, †e‡`i †g‡q, gaygvjv, euv‡ki euvwk, cwjøea~ BZ¨vw`|
cyi¯‹vi I m¤§vbbv GKz ‡k c`K (1976), KjKvZvi iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K m¤§vbm~PK wWwjU Dcvwa cÖ`vb K‡i|
Rxebvemvb 14 gvP©, 1976 wLªóvã, XvKvq|
 cvV-cwiwPwZ
ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvwU ÔcwjøKweÕ L¨vZ Kwe RmxgD`&`x‡bi ÔevjyPiÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| GB KweZvq Kwei civ_©ci †PZbvi
cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| GB KweZvi ga¨ w`‡q e¨w³¯^v_© wemR©b w`‡q A‡b¨i Rb¨ wb‡R‡K wb‡e`b Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| KviY civ_©ciZvB
Rxe‡bi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨| civ_©ci gvbylB cÖK…Z myLx| Kwei wPšÍvi ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv eyS‡Z cvwi †h, mgvR-msmv‡i we`¨gvb wnsmv-
we‡f`, ˆelg¨, cÖwZ‡kva Avi cÖwZwnsmv `–i Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j my›`i mgvR cÖwZwôZ n‡e| KviY gvbyl mnbkxj n‡jB my›`i c„w_ex
wbg©vY Kiv m¤¢e| Kwe ZvB Zuvi cÖwZ Ab¨vq, AwePvi I wnsmv Kiv e¨w³‡K ¶gv K‡i ey‡K †U‡b wb‡q‡Qb| KviY wZwb mvg¨ I
åvZ…‡Z¡i c„w_ex cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb|
 Drm cwiwPwZ
ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvwU Kwe RmxgD`&`x‡bi ÔevjyPiÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ|
bvgKiY
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ÔcwjøKweÕ L¨vZ Kwe RmxgD`&`xb (1903-1976) GK D¾¡j b¶Î| Zuvi iwPZ ÔevjyPiÕ Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z
KweZv ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ| KweZvwU wZbwU ¯Íi‡K wef³| KweZvq Kwe RmxgD`&`xb gvby‡li cÖwZ †h fv‡jvevmv †`wL‡q‡Qb Zv
Abe`¨| KweZvq Kwe e‡j‡Qb Avgv‡`i mgv‡R emevmiZ †hme gvbyl wbišÍb Kwe‡K `ytL Kó w`‡q‡Qb wZwb Zv‡`i ¶gv
K‡i ey‡K †U‡b wb‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i fv‡jv‡e‡m ü`‡q AvM‡j †i‡L‡Qb| ZvB †Zv hLb wbôzi †Kv‡bv gvbyl Kwei Ni fv‡O,
Kwei Nyg bó K‡i, Kwe‡K we‡l fiv evY †`q, Kwe‡K AvNvZ K‡i - cÖwZ`v‡b Kwe Zv‡K AviI Avcb K‡i †bb| Zvi Ni
†eu‡a †`b, Zvi Rb¨ `xN© iRbx †R‡M KvUvb| Zv‡K eyKfiv Mvb Dcnvi †`b| g~jZ KweZvwUi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q
KweZvwUi welqe¯‘i Ici wfwË K‡i| Avi Kwei Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q †mB wel‡qi AšÍwb©wnZ fve dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq
†h, KweZvwUi bvgKiY ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ mv_©K n‡q‡Q|
kãv_© I UxKv
euvwa  †eu‡a w`B, eÜb Kwi|
Kzj  esk, AvwfRvZ¨|
wel  Mij, †Øl|
evY  Zxi, ki|
Rbg  Rš§|
iwOb  iwÄZ, wewPÎ e‡Y© iwÄZ ev †kvwfZ|
evYx  fvlv, Dw³, fvlY|
mwL  mnPix, evÜex|
evbvb mZK©Zv
Kuv`v, `xNj, iRbx, Kzj, AvNvZ, wel, evY, KuvUv, Rbg, iwOb, gvjÂ, wbVzwiqv, evYx, mwL, VuvB, wbišÍi|
†PŠ¤^K Z_¨vewj
 ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvwU Kwe RmxgD`&`xb iwPZ|
 RmxgD`&`xb ÔcwjøKweÕ wn‡m‡e L¨vZ|
 ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvwU ÔevjyPiÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ n‡q‡Q|
 ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvwUi DcRxe¨ welq civ_©ciZv|
 Kwe gnr, D`vi, ¶gvkxj ü`‡qi gvbyl, ZvB wZwb kÎy‡KI Avcb K‡i †bb|
 ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq cÖwZ`v‡b Ni euvav, `xNj iRbx RvMv, eyKfiv Mvb †`Iqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
 Kwe wbVzi evYx D”PviYKvixi gyLLvwbI fv‡jvev‡mb|
 †h e¨w³ Kwe‡K Kó †`q wZwb wbišÍi Zv‡K Avcb Ki‡Z †Ku‡` †eovb|
 Kwe AwbóKvixi DcKvi Kivi ga¨ w`‡q c„w_ex‡K my›`i Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
 KweZvi Q›` we‡kølY
           
Avgvi G Ni/ fvwOqv‡Q †hev/ Avwg euvwa Zvi/ Ni (6 + 6 + 6 + 2)
          
Avcb Kwi‡Z/ Kuvw`qv †eovB/ †h †gv‡i K‡i‡Q/ ci (6 + 6 + 6 + 2)
     
†h †gv‡i Kwij/ c‡_i weevMx (6 + 6)
      
c‡_ c‡_ Avwg/ wdwi Zvi jvwM| (6 + 6)
         
`xNj iRbx/ Zvi Z‡i RvwM/ Nyg †h n‡i‡Q/ †gvi (6 + 6 + 6 + 2)
            
Avgvi G Ni/ fvwOqv‡Q †hev/ Avwg euvwa Zvi Ni (6 + 6 + 6 + 2)
we‡kølY : ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvwU gvÎve„Ë Q‡›` iwPZ| KweZvi cÖ_g 6wU cO&w³ we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq, cÖ_g, wØZxq, cÂg I lô
cO&w³‡Z 6 gvÎvi 3wU K‡i c–Y© ce© Ges 2 gvÎvi 1wU K‡i Ac~Y© ce© i‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq I PZz_© cO&w³‡Z 2wU K‡i 6 gvÎvi c~Y© ce© i‡q‡Q| m¤ú~Y© KweZvwU‡Z ci ci `yB Pi‡Yi †k‡l AšÍ¨wgj i‡q‡Q|
KweZvwUi MwZ ga¨ ev wejw¤^Z j‡qi|
KweZvi e¨vL¨v
 Avgvi G Ni fvwOqv‡Q †h ev, Avwg euvwa Zvi Ni
Avcb Kwi‡Z Kuvw`qv †eovB †h †gv‡i K‡i‡Q ci|
†h †gv‡i Kwij c‡_i weevMx,-
c‡_ c‡_ Avwg wdwi Zvi jvwM|
`xNj iRbx Zvi Z‡i RvwM Nyg †h n‡i‡Q †gvi;
Avgvi G Ni fvwOqv‡Q †h ev Avwg euvwa Zvi Ni|
gvbweK Kwe gvbeZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| G c„w_ex‡Z wKQz wbt¯^v_© gvbyl i‡q‡Qb, hviv memgq A‡b¨i wnZ ev Kj¨vY Kvgbv
K‡ib| KweI Zv‡`i GKRb| ZvB †Zv wb‡Ri Pig ¶wZ n‡jI wZwb gvbyl‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m‡Qb| †h Kwei Ni †f‡O‡Q wZwb
Zvi Ni †eu‡a‡Qb| †h Kwe‡K ci K‡i‡Q wZwb Zv‡K Avcb †f‡e ey‡K Rwo‡q a‡i‡Qb| hvi Rb¨ Kwe NiQvov weevMx wZwb
Zvi Rb¨B c‡_ c‡_ Ny‡i‡Qb| `xN© ivZ Zvi Rb¨ Kwe Rv‡Mb, †h Kwei Ni †f‡O‡Q, Zuvi Nyg †K‡o wb‡q‡Q|
 Avgvi G Kzj fvwOqv‡Q †h ev Avwg Zvi Kzj euvwa,
†h †M‡Q ey‡K‡Z AvNvZ nvwbqv Zvi jvwM Avwg Kuvw`;
†m †gv‡i w`‡q‡Q we‡l fiv evY,
Avwg †`B Zv‡i eyKfiv Mvb;
KuvUv †c‡q Zv‡i dzj Kwi `vb mvivwU Rbg fi,
Avcb Kwi‡Z Kuvw`qv †eovB †h †gv‡i K‡i‡Q ci|
KweZvs‡k Kwei mnvbyf‚wZkxj g‡bvfv‡ei cwiPq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| ˆah© Kwei gnr MyY; ZvB †Zv †h Kwei Kzj fv‡O wZwb
Zvi Kzj M‡o †`b| †h Kwei ey‡K AvNvZ K‡i wZwb Zvi Rb¨ Kuv‡`b| welv³ Zx‡ii g‡Zv wbôzi AvPiY †c‡qI Kwe Zv‡K
eyKfiv Mvb †`b| AvNvZ †c‡jI Zv‡K dzj w`‡q eiY K‡ib|
 †gvi ey‡K †h ev Kei †eu‡a‡Q Avwg Zvi eyK fwi,
iwOb dz‡ji †mvnvM- Rov‡bv dzj-gvj awi|
†h gy‡L †m K‡n wbVzwiqv evYx,/Avwg j‡q mwL, Zvi gyLLvwb,
KZ VuvB n‡Z KZ Kx †h Avwb, mvRvB wbišÍi,
Avcb Kwi‡Z Kuvw`qv †eovB †h †gv‡i K‡i‡Q ci|
gvby‡li cÖwZ Mfxi ggZv Kwei ey‡K| ZvB †Zv †h Kwei ey‡K AvNv‡Z AvNv‡Z Ke‡ii g‡Zv k~b¨ K‡i w`‡q‡Q Kwe fv‡jv‡e‡m
Zvi eyK f‡i †`b| gvbyl Zvi cÖwZ wbôzi evK¨ D”PviY Ki‡jI Kwe Zvi gyLLvwb ey‡Ki wfZ‡i a‡i iv‡Lb| †hLv‡b hv cvb
ZvB w`‡q wZwb gvbyl‡K AvM‡j iv‡Lb| Kwe Avcb AvZ¥x‡qi g‡Zv †Ku‡` †d‡ib †h Zv‡K ci K‡i‡Q|
 m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi
1. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI :
GK eywo nhiZ gyn¤§` (m)- Gi Pjvi c‡_ KuvUv wewQ‡q ivL‡Zv Ges c_ Pj‡Z bwei cv‡q KuvUv dzU‡j Avbw›`Z n‡Zv| GKw`b
c‡_ KuvUv bv †`‡L bweRx wPšÍvq c‡o †M‡jb Ges eywoi evwo‡Z wM‡q †`L‡jb eywo Amy¯’| bwe (m) †K †`‡L eywo fxZ n‡jb|
wZwb eywo‡K ¶gv K‡i w`‡jb Ges †mevhZœ w`‡q my¯’ K‡i Zzj‡jb|
K. Kwe Kv‡K eyKfiv Mvb †`b? 1
L. Kwe‡K †h ci K‡i‡Q Zuv‡K Avcb Kivi Rb¨ †Ku‡` †eovb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi g~jfv‡ei mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi fvev_© aviY Ki‡j GKwU my›`i mgvR Mov m¤¢eÓ- e³e¨wU we‡kølY K‡iv| 4
DËi :
K †h Kwe‡K we‡l fiv evY †`q Kwe Zv‡K eyKfiv Mvb †`b|

L Kwe‡K †h ci K‡i‡Q Zuv‡K Avcb Kivi Rb¨ Kwe †Ku‡` †eovb, KviY wZwb cÖxwZgq GK cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡Z Pvb|
ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe ¶z`ª ¯^v_©‡K wemR©b w`‡q civ_©ciZvi g‡a¨B cÖK…Z myL Luy‡R cvb| wZwb cÖwZ‡kva I cÖwZwnsmvi
wecix‡Z GKwU mvg¨ I åvZ…Z¡c~Y© cwi‡ek Pvb| ZvB †h Kwe‡K ci K‡i †`q Zv‡K Avcb Kivi Rb¨ Kwe e¨vKzj nb| Zvi
Rb¨ Kwe †Ku‡` †eovb|

M DÏxc‡Ki fv‡ei m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi g~jfv‡ei mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU n‡jv AwbóKvix‡K ¶gv K‡i w`‡q cÖwZ`v‡b DcKvi
Kiv|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq gvbweK Kwe gvbeZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| G c„w_ex‡Z wKQz wbt¯^v_© gvbyl i‡q‡Qb, hviv memgq A‡b¨i wnZ
ev Kj¨vY Kvgbv K‡ib| KweI Zv‡`i GKRb| ZvB †Zv wb‡Ri Pig ¶wZ n‡jI wZwb gvbyl‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m‡Qb| mgvR-
msmv‡i we`¨gvb we‡f`-wnsmv, nvbvnvwbi cwie‡Z© Kwe GK cÖxwZgq cwi‡ek †P‡q‡Qb| ZvB Kwe AwbóKvix‡K ïay ¶gvB
K‡ibwb, Dciš‘ cÖwZ`v‡b Zvi DcKvi K‡i‡Qb|

DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, GK eywo cÖwZw`b nhiZ gyn¤§` (m)- Gi Pjvi c‡_ KuvUv wewQ‡q ivLZ| bwewR (m) G‡Z Kó †c‡Zb|
wKš‘ GKw`b c‡_ KuvUv bv †`‡L wZwb wPšÍvq c‡o †M‡jb| eywoi evwo‡Z wM‡q †`L‡jb eywo Amy¯’| wZwb eywo‡K ¶gv K‡i
†`b Ges Zvi †mevhZœ K‡ib| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki fv‡ei m‡½ Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi g~jfv‡ei mv`„k¨c~Y© w`KwU n‡jv
AwbóKvix‡K ¶gv K‡i w`‡q cÖwZ`v‡b DcKvi Kiv|

N ÒDÏxcK I ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi fvev_© aviY Ki‡j GKwU my›`i mgvR Mov m¤¢eÓ- gšÍe¨wU h_v_©KviY Dfq †ÿ‡Î civ_©ciZvi
welqwU‡K e‡ov K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq g~jZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q cÖwZwnsmvi wecix‡Z ¶gvkxjZv I D`viZvi K_v| cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q AwbóKvix‡K ¶gv
K‡i w`‡q cÖwZ`v‡b Zv‡`i DcKvi Kiv| hv cÖwZwU gvbyl ü`‡q aviY Ki‡j c„w_ex my›`i I evm‡hvM¨ n‡e|

DÏxc‡K gnvbwe nhiZ gynv¤§` (m)- Gi gnvbyfe I ¶gvkxjZvi K_v cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †`Lv hvq, Pjvi c‡_ GK
eywo KuvUv wewQ‡q ivLZ bweRx‡K Kó †`Iqvi D‡Ï‡k¨| A_P GKw`b c‡_ KuvUv bv †`‡L bweRx Zvi †LuvR wb‡Z eywoi
evwo‡Z hvb| Zv‡K Amy¯’ †`‡L Zvi †mev K‡i Zv‡K my¯’ K‡i †Zv‡jb| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvqI Kwe wewfbœ gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K
Kó †c‡jI Zv‡`i ¶gv K‡i †`b| civ_©ci Kwe Zv‡`i Rb¨ e¨vKzj nb hviv Zvi Ni fv‡O, Zv‡K AvNvZ K‡i, Zvi Nyg
†K‡o †bq|

mgv‡R wek„•Ljv m„wó nq wKQz ¯^v_©v‡š^lx gvby‡li Kvi‡Y| Zviv gvbweK n‡j mgvR-msmvi Z_v c„w_ex my›`i n‡Zv| Avgiv
mevB gvbweK I my›`i c„w_ex Kvgbv Kwi| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R Ggb A‡bK gvbyl i‡q‡Q hviv Ah_v Ab¨vq AvPiY K‡i gvbyl‡K
Kó †`q| Avevi Ggb gvbylI Av‡Qb hviv A‡b¨i KvQ †_‡K Ab¨vq AvPiY †c‡qI Zv‡`i ¶gv K‡i †`b| ZvB ejv hvq
†h, cÖ‡kœv³ gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|
2. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI :
cÖwZ‡ekx `vm`vmx AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb
fv‡jvevwm m‡e Kn mywgó ePb|
w`I bv Kvnv‡i `yL
A‡b¨ `vb Kwi myL,
wb‡R‡i gv‡bv †Mv myLx, evjK myRb|
K. RmxgD`&`xb Kx wn‡m‡e mgwaK cwiwPZ? 1
L. Kwe Kvi Ni euva‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb Dc‡`kwU ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi AvswkK fve cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|Õ- gšÍe¨wUi mZ¨Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
DËi :
K RmxgD`&`xb ÔcwjøKweÕ wn‡m‡e mgwaK cwiwPZ|
L †h e¨w³ Kwei Ni †f‡O‡Q Kwe Zvi Ni euva‡Z Pvb Zv‡K Avcb Kivi Rb¨|
Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri me gvbyl GK iKg bq| wKQz gvbyl Av‡Q hviv A‡b¨i ¶wZmvab K‡i myL cvq| Ab¨w`‡K wKQz gvbyl
A‡b¨i DcKvi K‡i wb‡R‡`i ab¨ g‡b K‡ib| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwe GgbB GKRb cÖwZ`vbKvix gvbyl| ZvB †h e¨w³
Kwei Ni †f‡O‡Q, Kwe Zvi Ni cÖ¯‘Z K‡i w`‡Z Pvb| Kwei Ggb †PZbvi KviY n‡jv wZwb KvD‡K ci Ki‡Z Pvb bv|
GRb¨ †h Kwei Ni †f‡O‡Q Kwe Zvi Ni cÖ¯‘Z K‡i w`‡q Zv‡K Avcb K‡i wb‡Z Pvb|

M DÏxc‡Ki my›`i K‡i K_v ejvi Dc‡`kwU ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

mevi m‡½ my›`ifv‡e K_v ejvi Dc‡`kwU ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvqI cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Kwe e‡jb, †h gy‡L gvbyl wbôzi K_v e‡j,
wZwb Zvi gyLwU ey‡K a‡i iv‡Lb| A_©vr gvbyl‡K wbôzi K_v ejv DwPZ bq| g–jZ Dfq RvqMvq myeP‡bi Myi“‡Z¡i w`KwUB
cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K Kwe †h Dc‡`k w`‡q‡Qb Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwe †hb †mB welqwUB cvjb K‡i‡Qb|

DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k Kwe e‡j‡Qb- cÖwZ‡ekx, `vm`vmx I AvZ¥xq¯^Rb mevi m‡½ my›`ifv‡e K_v ejv DwPZ| KvD‡K `ytL
†`Iqv DwPZ bq| Ab¨‡K myL `vb K‡i wb‡R‡K myLx Kiv DwPZ| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki my›`i K‡i K_v ejvi
Dc‡`kwU ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

N ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi AvswkK fve cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|Ó- gšÍe¨wU h_v_© KviY DÏxc‡K mywgó ePb Ges A‡b¨i myLx
nIqvi welqwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq mywgó ePb Ges A‡b¨i my‡L myLx nIqvi welqwU QvovI Kwei
D`viZv, ¶gvkxjZv, gnvbyfeZv cÖf…wZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe gvby‡li cÖwZ AMva fv‡jvevmv I AvšÍwiKZv †`wL‡q‡Qb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, †KD Kó w`‡jI Zvi
m‡½ Lvivc e¨envi Kiv DwPZ bq, Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i ey‡K †U‡b †bIqv DwPZ| DÏxc‡K GB welqMy‡jv Abycw¯’Z| DÏxcKwU
†Kej Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi my›`i eP‡bi Myiy‡Z¡i w`KwU cÖKvk K‡i|

DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q- cÖwZ‡ekx, `vm`vmx, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb mevB‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m my›`ifv‡e K_v ej‡Z n‡e| K_vi gva¨‡g
KvD‡K `ytL †`Iqv hv‡e bv| K_v I AvPiY w`‡q Ab¨‡K myLx Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨‡K myLx Ki‡Z cvi‡jB wb‡R myLx nIqv
hv‡e|

gvby‡li m‡½ gvby‡li m¤úK© wPišÍb| wKQz gvby‡li m‡½ m¤•K© nq i‡³i e܇b, Avevi wKQz gvby‡li m‡½ m¤•K© nq AvZ¥vi|
AvZ¥vi eÜb wU‡K _v‡K gvby‡li my›`i K_v I AvPi‡Yi Ici| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq DÏxc‡Ki my›`i K_vi Myiy‡Z¡i w`KwU
cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Kwe g‡b K‡ib, †KD wbôzi K_v ej‡jI Zv‡K my›`i K_v ej‡Z n‡e| wbôzi K_vi ga¨ w`‡q KvD‡K `ytL
†`Iqv hv‡e bv| GQvovI Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq A‡bK wel‡qi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q †hMy‡jv DÏxc‡K cÖKvk cvqwb| ZvB ejv hvq,
cÖ‡kœv³ gšZ¥e¨wU h_v_©|
3. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI :
wKQzw`b ci Avevi †mB †d‡ikZv c–‡e©i g‡Zv gvby‡li iƒc awiqv, †mB †h Av‡Mi aej †ivMx wQj Zvnvi wbKU Dcw¯’Z nB‡jb|
†mLv‡b wMqv wZwb ewj‡jb, Avwg GK we‡`wk| we‡`‡k Avwmqv Avgvi me cuywR dzivBqv wMqv‡Q| GLb Avjøvni `qv Qvov Avgvi
Avi †`‡k wdwievi Dcvq bvB| ...†Zvgvi Kv‡Q GKwU DU Pvwn‡ZwQ| †m ewjj D‡Ui A‡bK `vg| Kx Kwiqv w`B? ¯^M©xq `–Z
ewj‡jb, I‡n! Avwg †h †Zvgv‡K wPwb‡Z cvwi‡ZwQ| Zzwg bv aej †ivMx wQ‡jb, Avi mK‡j †Zvgv‡K N„Yv KwiZ? Zzwg bv Mwie
wQ‡j, c‡i Avjøvn& †Zvgv‡K ab-†`ŠjZ w`qv‡Qb? †m ewjj, bv, Zv †Kb? Gme †Zv Avgvi eiveiB Av‡Q|
K. RmxgD`&`x‡bi gv‡qi bvg Kx? 1
L. Ò†h †gv‡i Kwij c‡_i weevMx, 2
c‡_ c‡_ Avwg wdwi Zvi jvwM|Ó- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
M. DÏxc‡Ki aej †ivMxi m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kv‡`i mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? 3
N. Ò†PZbvMZ w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki aej †ivMx Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei wecixZ †giy‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i|Ó- gšÍe¨wU
we‡kølY K‡iv| 4
DËi :
K. RmxgD`&`x‡bi gv‡qi bvg Avwgbv LvZzb|
L. cÖ‡kœv³ PiY `ywUi ga¨ w`‡q Kwei gnr ü`‡qi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
Kwe gvby‡li Rb¨ wb‡ew`ZcÖvY| A‡b¨i Rb¨ Zuvi cÖvY memgq Kuv‡`| hvi Kvi‡Y Kwe Ni nvwi‡q‡Qb, n‡q‡Qb c‡_i weevMx
Kwe †mB e¨w³i Rb¨I g½j Kvgbv K‡ib| c‡_ c‡_ Ny‡i †eov‡bvi mgqI Zvi K_v fv‡eb| Kx Ki‡j †mB e¨w³i g½j
n‡e †mme wPšÍvq Kwe we‡fvi _v‡Kb| g~jZ Kwe gnr ü`‡qi gvbyl nIqvq †h e¨w³ Zuv‡K c‡_i weevMx K‡i‡Q, Zvi Rb¨
wZwb c‡_ c‡_ †d‡ib|

M. DÏxc‡Ki aej †ivMxi m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi AgvbweK gvbyl‡`i mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ AK…ZÁ I wbôzi gvby‡li K_v KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| KviY †hLv‡b Kwe
Zv‡`i Rb¨ D`viZv †`Lvb †mLv‡b ZvivB Kwei m‡½ wbôzi AvPiY K‡i| Kwe Zv‡`i Ni euv‡ab A_P ZvivB Kwei Ni
fv‡O| Kwe Zv‡`i eyKfiv Mvb w`‡jI Zviv Kwe‡K we‡l fiv evY †`q|

DÏxc‡K GK aej †ivMxi K_v cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| †h e¨w³ GKvav‡i wg_y¨K, AK…ZÁ I wbôzi| †m mªóvi `qv jvf K‡i my›`i
Rxeb cvq| A_P †m Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| ZvB †Zv †m †d‡ikZv‡K GKwU DU w`‡q mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi
K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki aej †ivMx m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi AgvbweK gvbyl‡`i mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki aej
†ivMx †h gvbwmKZv aviY K‡i wVK †Zgb gvbwmKZvi gvbyl ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq †`Lv hvq| Zviv mevB AK…ZÁ I AgvbweK
gvbyl|

N DÏxc‡K aej †ivMxi †PZbvq †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei †PZbv Zvi m¤•–Y© wecixZ| ZvB ejv hvq,
gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|

Ab¨w`‡K ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwe GKRb D`vi, gnr ¶gvkxj I gvbweK gvbyl| whwb gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K wbôzi AvPiY
†c‡jI Zv‡`i cÖwZ gvbweK AvPiY K‡i‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki aej †ivMxi †PZbvq AK…ZÁ I AgvbweK w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Ab¨w`‡K Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq Kwei †PZbvq gvbweKZv I D`viZv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

DÏxc‡Ki aej †ivMx GKRb AgvbweK, AK…ZÁ I wbôzi e¨w³| †m `wi`ª _vKvi mgq ¯ªóvi mvnvh¨ jvf K‡i| wKš‘ Zvi
Kv‡Q GKRb we‡`wk gvbyl mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Ki‡j †m Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| GgbwK mªóvi KiyYv jvf KiviI
K_vI A¯^xKvi K‡i|

gvby‡li †kÖô‡Z¡i wePvi nq Zvi gvbweK MyYvewji ga¨ w`‡q| gvbyl‡K memgq D`vi I gvbweK nIqvi mvabvq wb‡R‡K
wb‡qvwRZ ivLv DwPZ| wKš‘ wKQz gvbyl Zv‡`i K_v I Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ w`‡q wbôzi AvPi‡Yi cÖKvk NUvq| Gme gvbyl mgv‡R
Kvg¨ bq| gvby‡li Avmj cwiPq Zvi gnr My‡Yi gv‡S jywK‡q _v‡K| †ZgbB wbôzi gvby‡li wbôziZvI jywK‡q _v‡K Zvi
 Kg©Kv‡Ði g‡a¨| G ai‡bi gvbyl ïay wbôzi bq, AK…ZÁI| Zv‡`i Rb¨ mgv‡R wek„•Ljv m„wó nq| ZvB ejv hvq †h,
†PZbvMZ w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki aej †ivMx Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei m¤ú~Y© wecixZ †giy‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|
4. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI :
gmwR‡` Kvj wkiwb wQj, A‡Xj †Mv¯Í iywU
euvwPqv wMqv‡Q, †gvjøv mv‡ne †n‡m ZvB KzwU KzwU,
Ggb mgq G‡jv gymvwdi Mv‡q AvRvwii wPb
e‡j, Ôevev, Avwg fzLv dvKv AvwQ AvR wb‡q mvZ w`bÕ
†Zwiqv nBqv nuvwKj †gvjøv- Òf¨vjv n‡jv †`wL †jVv,
fzLv AvQ gi †Mv- fvMv‡o wM‡q! bvgvR cwom †eUv?Ó
K. ÔKeiÕ KweZvwUi iPwqZvi bvg Kx? 1
L. ÒAvgvi G Ni fvwOqv‡Q †hev Avwg euvwa Zvi Ni|Ó- Dw³wUi ga¨ w`‡q Kwei †Kvb †PZbvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †gvjøv mv‡n‡ei m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kvi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki †gvjøv mv‡ne hw` ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei †PZbv aviY KiZ Z‡e gymvwdi‡K Afz³ _vK‡Z
n‡Zv bv|Ó gšÍe¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbY©q Ki| 4
DËi :
K ÔKeiÕ KweZvwUi iPwqZvi bvg RmxgD`&`xb|

L Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wUi ga¨ w`‡q Kwei gnvbyfeZvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|

GB c„w_ex‡Z wKQz gvbyl Av‡Q hviv ïay wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_©wPšÍvq gMœ _v‡K| Avevi wKQz gvby‡li Rxe‡bi j¶¨B _v‡K civ‡_© Rxeb
DrmM© Kiv| Zuviv KLbB wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_©‡K cÖvavb¨ †`b bv| wb‡R‡`i Pig ¶wZ n‡jI Zuviv D`vi ü`‡qi gvbyl nIqvq
¯^v_©ci gvbyl‡`i ¶gv K‡i †`b| Kwe †ZgbB GKRb D`vi wP‡Ëi gvbyl| wZwb Ggb gvby‡li Ni euv‡ab †h e¨w³ Zuvi Ni
†f‡O‡Q| ZvB cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wUi ga¨ w`‡q Kwei gnvb †PZbvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|

M DÏxc‡Ki †gvjøv mv‡n‡ei m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe D`vi, gvbweK I civ_©ci| wZwb me©`v A‡b¨i g½j wPšÍvq wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ †i‡L‡Qb| ¯^v_©ci
wbôzi gvbyl Zuvi ¶wZ Ki‡jI wZwb Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv‡K AvM‡j †i‡L‡Qb| gvby‡li g½j wPšÍv Qvov wZwb KL‡bv
wb‡Ri K_v wPšÍv K‡ibwb| ZvB †h Kwei Ni fv‡O,Kwei ey‡K AvNvZ K‡i, Kwe Zvi Rb¨B Ni euv‡ab| Zvi Rb¨B Kuv‡`
Kwei cÖvY|

DÏxc‡Ki †gvjøv Kwei m¤ú~Y© wecixZ gvbwmKZvi gvbyl| ch©vß Lv`¨ _vKvi ciI †gvjøv wb‡Ri ¯^v‡_©i Rb¨ ¶zavZ© gymvwdi‡K
†L‡Z †`q bv| Zv‡K ag© cvjb bv Kivi ARynv‡Z Zvwo‡q †`q| †m gymvwd‡ii m‡½ m¤ú~Y© wbôzi I AgvbweK AvPiY K‡i|
ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki †gvjøv mv‡n‡ei m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwe D”P
gvbweK †evam¤úbœ gvbyl| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡ki †gvjøv wbôzi I AgvbweK| G Kvi‡YB Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ˆemv`„k¨
jw¶Z nq|

N. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei g‡a¨ †h gnr †PZbvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q Zv DÏxc‡Ki †gvjøvi g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z| hw` DÏxc‡Ki †gvjøv
Av‡jvP¨ Kwei †PZbv aviYv KiZ Z‡e gymvwdi Afz³ _vKZ bv|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwe GKRb cÖK…Z gvbyl| KviY wZwb memgq A‡b¨i g½‡ji K_v wPšÍv K‡ib| †h e¨w³ Zuvi ¶wZ K‡i
wZwb Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i ey‡K †U‡b †bb| wK‡m Zvi fv‡jv I g½j n‡e †mB wPšÍvq me©`v e¨vß _v‡Kb| †h e¨w³ Zuv‡K KuvUv
†`q wZwb Zv‡K dzj `vb K‡ib| mva¨g‡Zv gvby‡li †mevq wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb| wb‡Ri Kg© I AvPi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q
A‡b¨i eyK f‡i †Zv‡jb|

Ab¨w`‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡ki †gvjøv Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei m¤•–Y© wecixZ †PZbvi gvbyl| mvZ w`b
Afz³ _vKvi K_v ï‡bI †m gymvwdi‡K Lvevi †`q bv| A_P Zvi Kv‡Q ch©vß Lvevi gRy` wQj| bvgvR bv covi ARynv‡Z
†m gymvwdi‡K Lvevi bv w`‡q Zvwo‡q †`q| DÏxc‡Ki †gvjøv hw` ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei g‡Zv mwnòz, gvbweK, D`vi I
 gvbe‡cÖwgK n‡Zv Z‡e gymvwdi bv †L‡q _vKZ bv| †m ch©vß Lvevi †L‡Z cviZ| wKš‘ †gvjøv mv‡ne Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi m¤ú~Y©
wecixZ|

gvbweKZv bv _vK‡j GKRb gvbyl cÖK…Z A‡_© Rxe‡bi mv_©KZv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hvi †fZ‡i gvbweK †eva i‡q‡Q
wZwbB cÖK…Z gvbyl| hviv memgq wb‡Ri ¯^v_© wPšÍv K‡i Zv‡`i c‡¶ gvbweK gvbyl nIqv AZ¨šÍ KwVb| ZvB ejv hvq †h,
cÖ‡kœv³ gšÍe¨wU h_v_©| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei g‡a¨ †h gnr †PZbvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q Zv DÏxc‡Ki †gvjøvi g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z|
hw` DÏxc‡Ki †gvjøv Av‡jvP¨ Kwei †PZbv aviYv KiZ Z‡e gymvwdi Afz³ _vKZ bv|

5. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI :

AvKvk Avgvq wk¶v w`j
D`vi n‡Z fvB †i,
Kg©x nevi gš¿ Avwg
evqyi Kv‡Q cvB‡i|
........................
gvwUi Kv‡Q mwnòzZv
†cjvg Avwg wk¶v
K. RmxgD`&`x‡bi GKwU Kve¨MÖ‡š’i bvg †jL| 1
L. Kwe Kvi Rb¨ Kuv‡`b? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †kl `y PiY ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Kwei †PZbv ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei †PZbvi mgvšÍivj|Ó- gšÍe¨wU wePvi K‡iv| 4
DËi :
K. ÔiwOjv bv‡qi gvwSÕ RmxgD`&`x‡bi GKwU Kve¨MÖš’|
L Kwei ey‡K †h AvNvZ †n‡b‡Q Kwe Zvi Rb¨ Kuv‡`b|
mgv‡R GK‡kÖwYi gvbyl Av‡Q hviv K_v, AvPiY I KvR w`‡q memgq Ab¨‡K AvNvZ K‡i| Zviv GKeviI wPšÍv K‡i bv †h,
Zv‡`i Ggb AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y gvbyl Kó †c‡Z cv‡i| KweI Ggb gvbyl Øviv AvNvZcÖvß nb| wKš‘ ˆah©kxj Kwe Zv‡`i
AvNv‡Zi cwie‡Z© fv‡jvevmv `vb K‡ib| hviv Kwe‡K AvNvZ K‡i, cÖwZ`v‡b Kwe Zv‡`i g½jwPšÍv K‡i Kuv‡`b| wZwb Pvb
Zuv‡K AvNvZ Kiv e¨w³wU fv‡jv _vK|

M DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB PiY ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei mwnòzZvi w`KwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwe wVK †ZgbB GKRb mwnòz gvbyl| wZwb Zuvi m‡½ wbôzi AvPiY Kiv gvbyl‡`i‡KI ¶gv K‡i‡Qb|
hviv Zuvi m‡½ Ab¨vq K‡i wZwb Zv‡`i Rb¨ eyKfiv fv‡jvevmv wb‡qI `uvwo‡q _v‡Kb| hviv Zuv‡K ci †f‡e `~‡i mwi‡q †`q
wZwb Zv‡`i Avcb K‡i †bIqvi Rb¨ nvnvKvi K‡ib| Dfq RvqMvq mwnòz nIqvi welqwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q mwnòzZvi K_v| Kwe gvwUi KvQ †_‡K mwnòzZv A_©vr mn¨ Kivi ¶gZv AR©b
K‡ib| gvwU †hgb cÖwZwbqZ gvby‡li wewfbœ AZ¨vPvi mn¨ K‡i, KweI wVK †ZgbB mn¨ ¶gZvi AwaKvix n‡Z Pvb| ZvB
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB PiY ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwei mwnòzZvi w`KwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|

N. †PZbvMZ w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki Kwe I ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwe Awfbœ| KviY Zuviv Df‡qB gvbweK, D`vi I mwnòz| G
Kvi‡YB gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwe D`vi, gvbweK I gnr gvbyl| whwb wb‡Ri ¯^v_© Z¨vM K‡i memgq A‡b¨i K_v wPšÍ v K‡ib| Zuvi
Kg©Kv‡Ði ga¨ w`‡q civ_©ciZvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|DÏxc‡Ki Kwe I ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwe Df‡qi †PZbv GKB| KviY
Zuviv c„w_ex‡Z gvbweK gvbyl n‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wb‡R‡`i ¯^v‡_© bq, civ‡_© KvR KivB Zuv‡`i Rxe‡bi j¶¨| ZvB Zv‡`i
†PZbvMZ w`KI GKB †mªvZavivq cÖevwnZ|
 DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k Avgiv †`wL, Kwe cÖK…wZi wewfbœ Abyl½ †_‡K D`vi, Kg©V I mwnòz nIqvi wk¶v jvf K‡ib| wZwb
AvKv‡ki KvQ †_‡K D`vi n‡Z †k‡Lb| Kg©x n‡Z †k‡Lb evqyi Kv‡Q| Avi gvwUi KvQ †_‡K wk¶v jvf K‡ib mwnòz
nIqvi| D`vi, Kg©V I mwnòzZv gvby‡li gvbweK MyYvewj hv GKRb gvbyl‡K cÖK…Z gvbyl n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Kwe Gme
wk¶vi ga¨ w`‡q wb‡R‡K gvbweK gvbyl wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ib|

b¨vq I wbôvevb gvbyl‡`i Rb¨ c„w_ex GLbI my›`i| Zv‡`i Kg©Kv‡Ði Ici wfwË K‡i gvbyl myk„¸Lj I my›`ifv‡e Rxebhvcb
Ki‡Q| Avgv‡`i mevi DwPZ cÖK…Z wk¶v wb‡q gvbweK I my›`i gvbyl n‡q IVvi †Póv Kiv| GB c„w_ex‡Z gvbyl wewfbœ
gvbweK MyYvewj wb‡q cÖK…Z gvbyl n‡q I‡V| Zvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv mn¨ Kivi ¶gZv| hvi hZ †ewk mn¨ Kivi ¶gZv
_v‡K †m ZZ †ewk mdj gvbyl n‡q I‡V| ˆah©nxb gvbyl Rx‡eb mvdj¨ jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h,
cÖ‡kœv³ gšÍe¨wU h_v_©|
6. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI :
ev`kv eveyi Kuvw`qv wdwi‡Q, wb` bvwn †Pv‡L Zuvi-
cyÎ Zuvnvi ûgvqyb eywS euv‡P bv Gevi Avi|
........................
†nbKv‡j GK `i‡ek DwV Kwn‡jb- ÔmyjZvb,
me‡P‡q Ze †kÖô †h ab w`‡Z hw` cvi `vb,
Lywk n‡q Z‡e euvPv‡e Avjøvn ev`kvRv`vi cÖvY|Õ
..........................
ÔZvB hw` nq, cÖ¯‘Z Avwg w`‡Z †mB †Kvievwb,
............................
†gvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q wcÖq Avgvwi Avcb cÖvY,
ZvB wb‡q Kfz cy‡Îi cÖvY Ki †gv‡i cÖwZ`vb|Õ
K. ÔcÖwZ`vb k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq cÖwZ`vb wn‡m‡e Kwe Kx Kx Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘i m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi †Kvb wel‡qi wgj i‡q‡Q? 3
N. DÏxcKwU Av‡jvP¨ welq KweZvi m¤•–Y© fve aviY K‡i wK? we‡kÐlY Ki| 4
DËi :
K ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ k‡ãi A_© cÖZz¨cKvi|
L ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe cÖwZ`vb wn‡m‡e mevi Rb¨ g½jKi KvR Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbyl‡K me‡P‡q †ewk MyiyZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| gbyl¨Z¡‡evaB Kwei Kv‡Q cÖK…Z mZ¨, ZvB wZwb gvby‡li Rb¨
wb‡ew`ZcÖvY| G Kvi‡YB hviv Kwei Ni fv‡O, wZwb Zv‡`i Ni euv‡ab| Kwe‡K hviv ci K‡i †`q, Kwe Zv‡`i Avcb K‡i
†bb| hv‡`i Rb¨ Kwe Kó cvb Zv‡`i‡K Kwe dzj `vb K‡ib| hviv Kwei Rxe‡b k~b¨Zv m„wó K‡i Kwe Zv‡`i Rxeb
fv‡jvevmvq c–Y© K‡i †`b| ZvB ejv hvq, ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe cÖwZ`vb wn‡m‡e mevi Rb¨ g½jRbK KvR Ki‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb|

M. DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘i m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi wel‡qi wgj i‡q‡Q|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq †`Lv hvq, †h Kwei Ni †f‡O‡Q, ZviB Ni euva‡Z Pvb Kwe wb‡RB| †h Kwe‡K ci K‡i‡Q, Zv‡K wZwb
Avcb Ki‡Z †Ku‡` †eovb| GgbwK †h Kwe‡K AvNvZ K‡i, wZwb Zvi Rb¨B Kuv‡`b Ges Zv‡K †`b eyKfiv Mvb| Dfq
RvqMvq AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi welqwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|

DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k GKRb wcZvi mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi welq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| cyÎ ûgvqyb Amy¯’ n‡j wcZv eveyi Aw¯’i
n‡q I‡Vb| GK `i‡ek ev`kv eveyi‡K e‡jb, wb‡Ri †kÖô ab `vb Ki‡j ev`kvRv`vi cÖvY Avjøvn Lywk n‡q euvPv‡eb|
ev`kv eyS‡Z cv‡ib c„w_ex‡Z †kÖô ab Zuvi wb‡Ri cÖvY| wZwb mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ †mB cÖvY w`‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z nb| Zuvi GB AvZ¥Z¨vM
ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvqI cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘i m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi wel‡qi wgj
i‡q‡Q|
N. DÏxc‡Ki AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi welqwU ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvqI cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Ab¨vb¨ welq DÏxc‡K
Abycw¯’Z| ZvB DÏxcKwU Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi m¤ú~Y© fve aviY K‡i bv|

ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbyl‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m‡Qb| gvby‡li cÖwZ †Kv‡bv wnsmv-we‡Øl g‡b †Mu‡_ iv‡Lbwb| gvbyl Zuvi ¶wZ
Ki‡jI wZwb Zv‡`i ¶gv K‡i‡Qb| gvby‡li Rxeb‡K my›`i Kivi Rb¨ †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k
†Kej mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ GKRb wcZvi fv‡jvevmv Ges mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ welq DÏxc‡K
cÖKvk cvqwb|

DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k GKRb wcZvi AvZ¥wemR©b ev AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi w`K dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GKRb wcZv wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi wewbg‡q
n‡jI mšÍv‡bi my¯’ Rxeb cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb| mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ Lywk g‡b wb‡Ri cÖvY wemR©b w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Zuvi GB AvZ¥Z¨vM
ev AvZ¥wemR©‡bi welqwU ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvqI cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvqI †`Lv hvq, Kwe †mme gvby‡li Rb¨
AvZ¥Z¨vM K‡i‡Qb hviv evievi wewfbœfv‡e Zv‡K AvNvZ K‡i‡Q| G welqwU QvovI Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq Kwei †mevcivqYZv,
D`viZv, gnvbyfeZv I ¶gvkxjZv ¯úófv‡e cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Gme welq DÏxc‡K Abycw¯’Z|

gvbyl Zvi gvbweK MyYvewji gva¨‡g †kÖôZ¡ AR©b K‡i| gvbweK gvbyliv mevi Kv‡Q m¤§vb cvb| Zuviv Zuv‡`i KvR w`‡q
gvbyl wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡`i Ae¯’vb `„p K‡ib|gvbyl m„wói †kÖô Rxeb| Rš§MÖnY Ki‡jB gvbyl nIqv hvq bv| gvbyl ZLbB gvbyl
n‡q I‡V hLb Zvi g‡a¨ gvbexq MyYvewji cÖKvk N‡U| gvby‡li Rb¨ AvZ¥Z¨vM GKwU gvbweK MyY| ZvB ejv hvq †h,
DÏxcKwU Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi m¤ú~Y© fve aviY K‡i bv|
wb‡R K‡iv :
6. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI :
†`wLby †m w`b †i‡j
Kzwj e‡j GK evey mve
Zv‡i †V‡j w`‡j wb‡P †d‡j|
K. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kx fvOvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 1
L. Kwei A‡b¨i Ni euvavi ga¨ w`‡q †Kvb gvbwmKZv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki evey mve-Gi m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kvi ˆemv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? 3
N. DÏxcKwU Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ- gšÍe¨wU wePvi K‡iv| 4
7. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges cÖkœMy‡jvi DËi `vI :
nvwg` GKw`b GKwU †K›`ª cwi`k©b Kwi‡Z wMqv‡Q| †`wLj wiwjd KwgwUi Zv¤^yi mvg‡b KvZvi Kwiqv k `yB Aa©bMœ ¯¿x cyiyl †Q‡j ey‡ov
evjK evwjKv wUwKU nv‡Z Kwiqv ewmqv Av‡Q| wiwjd Awdmv‡ii wbqg Kov| mvnvh¨cÖv_©xi mKj‡KB Dcw¯’Z nB‡Z nB‡e Ges wUwKU
†`LvBqv mvnvh¨ MÖnY Kwi‡Z nB‡e| †g‡q‡`i †Kv‡j AkvšÍ wkïMy‡jv ¶zavi Zvobvq nvZ cv QovQwo Kwi‡Z‡Q| nvwg‡`i Mv KuvUv w`qv
DwVj| †K‡›`ªi fvicÖvß Kg©x‡K †m ewjj, ÔBnv‡`i emvBqv ivwLqv‡Qb †Kb? we`vq Kwiqv w`b bv!Õ

K. Kwe †Kb Kuv‡`b? 1

L. †KD Kwei ey‡K AvNvZ Ki‡j Kwe Zvi Rb¨ Kuv‡`b †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki nvwg‡`i gvbwmKZv ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kvi gvbwmKZvi wecixZ? 3
N. DÏxcK I Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi g~jfve wecixZag©x- Zzwg wK G K_v ¯^xKvi K‡iv? 4
 Ávbg~jK cÖ‡kœi DËi :
cÖkœ-1| RmxgD`&`x‡bi wcZvi bvg Kx? cÖkœ-11| Kwe Kv‡K Avcb Kivi Rb¨ Kuv‡`b?
DËi : RmxgD`&`x‡bi wcZvi bvg AvbmviDÏxb †gvjøv| DËi : Kwe‡K †h ci K‡i‡Q Kwe Zv‡K Avcb Kivi Rb¨
cÖkœ-2| RmxgD`&`xb †Kvb †Rjvq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? Kuv‡`b|
DËi : RmxgD`&`xb dwi`cyi †Rjvq Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| cÖkœ-12| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZv Abymv‡i †K c‡_i weevMx?
cÖkœ-3| RmxgD`&`xb †Kvb K‡jR †_‡K weG cvm K‡ib? DËi : ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZv Abymv‡i Kwe c‡_i weevMx|
DËi : dwi`cyi iv‡R›`ª K‡jR †_‡K RmxgD`&`xb weG cvm cÖkœ-13| Kwe Kvi gyL wbišÍi mvRvb?
K‡ib| DËi : †h wbVzwiqv evYx D”PviY K‡i Kwe Zvi gyL wbišÍi
cÖkœ-4| RmxgD`&`xb‡K wWwjU cÖ`vb K‡i †Kvb wek¦we`¨vjq? mvRvb|
DËi : iex›`ªfviZxq wek¦we`¨vjq RmxgD`&`xb‡K wWwjU cÖ`vb cÖkœ-14| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq †Kvb ai‡bi dz‡ji D‡jøL Av‡Q?
K‡i| DËi : ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq iwOb dz‡ji D‡jøL Av‡Q|
cÖkœ-5| RmxgD`&`xb KZ mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib? cÖkœ-15| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwei †Kv_vq AvNvZ Kivi K_v
DËi : RmxgD`&`xb 1976 mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| ejv n‡q‡Q?
cÖkœ-6| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi iPwqZv †K? DËi : ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwei ey‡K AvNvZ Kivi K_v ejv
DËi : ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi iPwqZv RmxgD`&`xb| n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ-7| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq ¯ÍeK KqwU? cÖkœ-16| ÔevYÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
DËi : ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq ¯ÍeK i‡q‡Q wZbwU| DËi : ÔevYÕ k‡ãi A_© Zxi ev ki|
cÖkœ-8| ÔevjyPiÕ Kve¨MÖš’wU Kvi †jLv? cÖkœ-17| ÔgvjÂÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
DËi : ÔevjyPiÕ Kve¨MÖš’wU RmxgD`&`x‡bi †jLv| DËi : ÔgvjÂÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv dz‡ji evMvb|
cÖkœ-9| ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kvi Ni fvOvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? cÖkœ-18| ÔweevMxÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
DËi : ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwei Ni fvOvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| DËi : ÔweevMx k‡ãi A_© D`vmxb|
cÖkœ-10| Kwe‡K †h c‡_i weevMx K‡i‡Q Kwe Zvi Rb¨ Kx cÖkœ-19| ÔevYxÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
K‡ib? DËi : ÔevYxÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv fvlY ev K_v|
DËi : †h Kwe‡K c‡_i weevMx K‡i‡Q Kwe Zvi Rb¨ c‡_ c‡_ cÖkœ-20| ÔiRbxÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
†Nv‡ib| DËi : ÔiRbxÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv ivZ|
 Abyavebg~jK cÖ‡kœi DËi :
cÖkœ-1| ÒAvgvi G Ni fvwOqv‡Q †hev, Avwg euvwa Zvi NiÓ- PiYwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËi : Kwei Ni †h †f‡O‡Q, Kwe Zvi Ni ˆZwi K‡i †`b- Av‡jvP¨ Pi‡Yi gva¨‡g GwUB cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k Ggb A‡bK gvbyl Av‡Q hviv A‡b¨i ¶wZmvab Ki‡Z me©`v e¨vc„Z _v‡K| Zviv KL‡bv A‡b¨i fv‡jv mn¨
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv A‡b¨i AcKvi Ki‡Z wM‡q g~jZ wb‡RiB ¶wZ K‡i| Ggb ¶wZKi gvbyl Kwei Ni fv‡O| G‡Z Kwei
AcKvi n‡jI wZwb g‡b †Kv‡bv †¶vf iv‡Lb bv| eis Kwei Ni †h †f‡O‡Q, Kwe Zvi Ni cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †`b| Gi gva¨‡g Kwei
D`vi I gnvbyfeZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
cÖkœ-2| Kwei c‡_ c‡_ Ny‡i †eov‡bvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËi : Kwe‡K †h c‡_i weevMx K‡i‡Q, Kwe Zv‡K Avcb Kivi Rb¨ c‡_ c‡_ †Nv‡ib|
me gvbyl mgvb bq| wKQz gvbyl Av‡Q hviv fxlYfv‡e AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK| Zviv Ab¨‡K MyiyZ¡ w`‡Z Pvq bv| †Kej wb‡Riv †fvM-wejv‡m
Avm³ _v‡K| GgbB GK AvZ¥‡Kw›`ªK gvbyl Kwe‡K c‡_i weevMx K‡i| G‡Z Kwei `ytL †bB| ZvB Kwe‡K †h c‡_i weevMx
K‡i‡Q Kwe Zvi Rb¨B c‡_ c‡_ Ny‡i †eovb| KviY Kwe Zv‡K Avcb Ki‡Z Pvb|
cÖkœ-3| Ò`xNj iRbx Zvi Z‡i RvwM Nyg †h n‡i‡Q †gvi|Ó- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A_ev, Kwe Kvi Rb¨ †R‡M _v‡Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËi : Kwgi Nyg †h †K‡o wb‡q‡Q Kwe Zvi Rb¨ †R‡M _v‡Kb| Kwe GKRb D`vi, gnr I my›`i ü`‡qi gvbyl| civ_©ciZv Zuvi
Ab¨Zg cÖavb MyY| me gvby‡li Rb¨B Zuvi cÖvY Kuv‡`| ZvB †Zv `xN© ivZ Kwe †R‡M _v‡Kb| wZwb Zvi Rb¨ †R‡M _v‡Kb, †h
e¨w³ Zvi Nyg niY K‡i‡Q| A_©vr Kó †c‡jI Kwe eyK fiv fv‡jvevmv w`‡q Zv‡K AvM‡j iv‡Lb, †h Kwei ¶wZ K‡i‡Q| ZvB
Kwe e‡j‡Qb, Ô`xNj iRbx Zvi Z‡i RvwM Nyg †h n‡i‡Q †gvi|Õ
cÖkœ-4| Kwe Kv‡K eyKfiv Mvb †`b? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËi : †h Kwe‡K we‡l fiv evY †`q Kwe Zv‡K eyKfiv Mvb †`b| c„w_exi me gvbyl mgvb †PZbvi AwaKvix bq| wKQz gvbyl Av‡Q
hv‡`i AvPiY ev Kg©KvÐ A‡b¨i ey‡K welv³ ev‡Yi g‡Zv weu‡a| Zviv K_v ev AvPiY w`‡q RR©wiZ K‡i A‡b¨i Rxeb| Kwe Ggb
gvbyl‡`i K_v ej‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb, hviv K_v ev Kv‡R wbg©gfv‡e RR©wiZ K‡i Kwe Zv‡`i Rb¨ iv‡Lb eyKfiv Mvb| A_©vr
Kwe‡K hviv we‡l fiv evY †`q Kwe Zv‡`i Rb¨ eyK DRvo K‡i Mvb †`b|
cÖkœ-5| Kwe wbišÍi Kx mvRvb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DËi : hvi gyL w`‡q wbôzi evYx D”PvwiZ nq Kwe Zvi gyLLvwb wbišÍi mvRvb|
mgv‡R Ggb GK‡kÖwYi gvbyl Av‡Q hv‡`i AvPiY I e¨envi Ab¨‡K hš¿Yv †`q| Zv‡`i wbôzi evYx A‡b¨i ü`‡q KuvUvi g‡Zv
AvNvZ K‡i| Kwe Ggb gvby‡li K_v ej‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb, †h e¨w³ Kwe‡K Ggb wbôzi evYx †kvbvq Kwe Zv‡KI fv‡jv‡e‡m
Avcb K‡i †bb| Zvi gyLLvwb wewfbœ w`K †_‡K Avbv mywgó eP‡b wbišÍi mvRvb| ZvB ejv hvq †h, Kwe Zvi gyLLvwb wbišÍi
mvRvb †h e¨w³ gyL w`‡q wbôzi evYx D”PviY K‡i|
eûwbe©vPwb
1. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe KuvUv †c‡q Kx `vb K‡i‡Qb? 4. Dch©y³ wg‡ji KviY-
P dzj L N„Yv M evY N Ni i. ¶gvkxjZv
2. ÔAvgvi G Ni fvwOqv‡Q †hev Avwg euvwa Zvi NiÕ- G ii. AvZ¥cÖksmv
cO&w³‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? iii. cvi¯úwiK †mŠnv`©¨
K c‡ivcKvi L AvZ¥MÐvwb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
R me©smnv g‡bvfve N K…ZÁZv‡eva K i I ii Q i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| 5. RmxgD`&`xb dwi`cyi †Rjvi †Kvb MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY K‡ib?
Bgvg nvmvb (iv) Zuv‡K welcÖ‡qv‡M nZ¨vKvix RvG`v‡K K K`gZjx L g‡bvnicyi
¶gv K‡i w`‡jb Ges ej‡jb, ciKv‡j Zv‡K †e‡nkZ R Zv¤^yjLvbv N w`Nwjqv
cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Avjøvn&i Kv‡Q mycvwik Ki‡eb| 6. RmxgD`&`xb wKQzKvj †Kv_vq Aa¨vcbv K‡i‡Qb?
3. DÏxc‡Ki nvmvb (iv) Gi mv‡_ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi †Kvb K Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq
cO&w³i wgj Av‡Q? Q XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
K KZ VuvB n‡Z KZ Kx †h Avwb mvRvB wbišÍb M ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq
L `xNj iRbx Zvi Z‡i RvwM Nyg †h n‡i‡Q †gvi N wek¦fviZxq wek¦we`¨vjq
M iwOb dz‡ji †mvnvM Rovb dzj gvj awi 7. RmxgD`&`xb KZ mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib?
S †h †M‡Q ey‡K‡Z AvNvZ nvwbqv Zvi jvwM Avwg Kuvw` K 1901 mv‡j Q 1903 mv‡j
 M 1904 mv‡j N 1905 mv‡j K †h Kwei Ni †eu‡a‡Q L †h Kwe‡K ci K‡i‡Q
8. RmxgD`&`x‡bi †Kvb gv‡m Rš§MÖnY K‡ib? R †h Kwei Ni †f‡O‡Q N †h Kwei ¶wZ K‡i‡Q
P Rvbyqvwi L †deª“qvwi 23. Kwe Kv‡K Avcb Kivi Rb¨ Kuv‡`b?
M gvP© N GwcÖj P †h Kwe‡K ci K‡i‡Q L †h Kwe‡K AvNvZ K‡i‡Q
9. RmxgD`&`x‡bi gv‡qi bvg Kx? M †h Kwe‡K AvnZ K‡i‡Q N †h Kwe‡K wg_¨v e‡j‡Q
P Avwgbv LvZzb L †Rvniv LvZzb 24. Ò†h †gv‡i Kwij c‡_i weevMxÓ- Gi c‡ii PiY †KvbwU?
M nv‡Riv †eMg N Avwgbv †eMg K Avwg †`B Zv‡i eyKfiv Mvb
10. RmxgD`&`x‡bi ˆcZ…K wbevm dwi`cy‡ii †Kvb MÖv‡g? Q c‡_ c‡_ Avwg wdwi Zvi jvwM
K Zv¤^yjLvbv Q †Mvwe›`cyi M Avwg j‡q mwL, Zvwi gyLLvwb
M g‡bvnicyi N Kvjxevwo N Avwg euvwa Zvi Ni
11. RmxgD`&`xb †Kvb K‡jR †_‡K AvBG I weG cvm K‡ib? 25. Kwe c‡_ c‡_ †d‡ib Kvi Rb¨?
K weGj K‡jR L GgGg K‡jR K †h Kwe‡K AvNvZ K‡i‡Q
R dwi`cyi iv‡R›`ª K‡jR N eªR‡gvnb K‡jR L †h Kwei Ni †f‡O‡Q
12. RmxgD`&`xb K‡j‡R Aa¨qbKv‡j †Kvb KweZv iPbv K‡i R †h Kwe‡K c‡_i weevMx K‡i‡Q
L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib? N †h Kwe‡K welfiv evY w`‡q‡Q
K bZzb KweZv L b·x Kuv_vi gvV 26. †h e¨w³ Kwei Nyg niY K‡i‡Q, Zvi Rb¨ Kwe Kx K‡ib?
M †mvRvb evw`qvi NvU S Kei K A`© iRbx Rv‡Mb L c–Y© iRbx Rv‡Mb
13. RmxgD`&`xb cwiwPwZ jvf K‡ib- M w`em-iRbx Rv‡Mb S `xNj iRbx Rv‡Mb
K wek¦Kwe wn‡m‡e L †`kiZœ wn‡m‡e 27. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kvi Ni fvOvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
R cwjøKwe wn‡m‡e N RvZxq Kwe wn‡m‡e P Kwei L cÖwZ‡ewki
14. RmxgD`&`xb KweZvi cÖavb DcRxe¨ Kx? M Kwei AvZ¥x‡qi N MÖvgevmxi
P cwjøRxeb L kû‡i Rxe‡b 28. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq †Ku‡` †eov‡bvi m‡½ Kvi m¤•K©
M bvMwiK Rxeb N ag©xq Rxeb i‡q‡Q?
15. RmxgD`&`x‡bi †Kvb Kve¨wU wewfbœ fvlvq Ab–w`Z K Kwei ¯^R‡bi L Kwei wcZv
n‡q‡Q? R Kwei wb‡Ri N Kwei cÖwZ‡ekxi
K bevbœ Q b·x Kuv_vi gvV 29. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi cÖ_g ¯@e‡K Kwei Kx fvOvi K_v ejv
M evjyPi N iwOjv bv‡qi gvwS n‡q‡Q?
16. †KvbwU RmxgD`&`x‡bi Kve¨ bq? K gb Q Ni M Rxeb N c_
K evjyPi L avb‡LZ 30. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq †K c‡_i weevMx n‡q‡Qb?
M †mvRb evw`qvi NvU S iƒcmx evsjv P Kwe wb‡R L Kwei wcZv
17. RmxgD`&`xb‡K iex›`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K †Kvb M Kwei cÖwZ‡ewk N Kwei AvcbRb
Dcvwa †`Iqv nq? 31. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq †Kgb iRbx RvMvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q/
P wWwjU L cwjøKwe K `xN© iRbx L k¨vgj iRbx
M gvby‡li Kwe N mvwn¨iZœ R `xNj iRbx N aej iRbx
18. RmxgD`&`xb KZ mv‡j g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib? 32. Kwe †Ku‡` †eovb †Kb?
K 1974 mv‡j L 1975 mv‡j K Kwe‡K AvnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j
R 1976 mv‡j N 1977 mv‡j Q Kwe‡K ci Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j
19. RmxgD`&`xb †Kv_vq g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib? M Kwe‡K ûgwK †`Iqv n‡q‡Q e‡j
K ivRkvnx‡Z L dwi`cy‡i N Kwe‡K Avcb Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j
M ivRevox‡Z S XvKvq 33. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi cÖ_g ¯Íe‡K PiY msL¨vwU KZwU?
20. RmxgD`&`xb KZ Zvwi‡L g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib? K 4wU L 5wU R 6wU N 7wU
P 14 gvP© L 15 gvP© M 16 gvP© N 17 gvP© 34. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi cÖ_g ¯Íe‡K Kwe Kx euva‡Z †P‡q‡Qb?
21. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi iPwqZv †K? K †Pvi Q Ni M bRi N AvZ¥xq
K myKvšÍ fÆvPvh© Q RmxgD`&`xb 35. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi wØZxq ¯Íe‡K PiY msL¨v KZ?
M gnv‡`e mvnv N knx` Kv`ix P 6wU L 7wU M 8wU N 9wU
22. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kwe Kvi Ni euv‡ab? 36. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi wØZxq ¯Íe‡K Kwe Kx euva‡Z †P‡q‡Qb?
K Ni Q Kzj M eyK N m¤úK©
37. Kwe Kvi Kzj euva‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? P †h Kwei ey‡K Kei †eu‡a‡Q
P †h Kwei Kzj †f‡O‡Q L †h Kwei Ni †f‡O‡Q L †h Kwei ey‡K AvNvZ K‡i‡Q
M †h Kwei gvb †f‡O‡Q N †h Kwei eyK †f‡O‡Q M †h Kwei ey‡K Ni K‡i‡Q
38. Kwei ey‡K †h AvNvZ K‡i‡Q, Kwe Zvi Rb¨ Kx K‡ib? N †h Kwei ey‡K cv_i †g‡i‡Q
K cÖv_©bv L e›`bv M nv‡mb S Kuv‡`b 53. Kwe wbišÍi Kv‡K mvRvb?
39. Ò†h †gv‡i w`‡q‡Q we‡l fiv evYÓ- Gi c‡ii PiY †KvbwU? P †h wbVzwiqv evYx D”PviY K‡i
K c‡_ c‡_ Avwg wdwi Zvi jvwM L †h me©`v mZ¨ D”PviY K‡i
Q Avwg †`B Zv‡i eyKfiv Mvb M †h wbVzwiqv myi †Zv‡j K‡É
M †h †gv‡i Kwij c‡_i weevMx N †h me©`v wg_¨v K_v e‡j
N †h gy‡L †m K‡n wbVzwiqv evYx 54. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwei †Kvb †PZbv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
40. †h Kwe‡K we‡l fiv evY †`q Kwe Zv‡K Kx †`b? P D`viZv L wbôziZv
P eyKfiv MvbL eyKfiv cÖvY M ¯^v_©ciZv N cÖK…wZ‡PZbv
M eyKfiv wbk¦vm N eyKfiv wek¦vm 55. ÔweevMxÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb?
41. Kwe KuvUv †c‡q Kx `vb K‡ib? P D`vmxb L wee¯¿ M Aemvb N AveZ©b
K wel L dzj M iRbx N †mvnvM 56. Ô`xNj iRbxÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
42. Kwe mvivwU Rbgfi Kx `vb K? K iv‡Zi ga¨fvM Q `xN© ivZ
K wek¦vm L wbk¦vm R dzj N ggZv M c–Y© ivZ N Puv`
43. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwei †Kv_vq AvNvZ Kivi K_v ejv 57. ÔKzjÕ k‡ãi A_© wb‡Pi †KvbwU?
n‡q‡Q? P esk L wKbviv M Ask N fvM
K †Pv‡L L wc‡V M gv_vq S ey‡K 58. ÔevYÕ k‡ãi Øviv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q-
44. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq we‡li m‡½ wK‡mi m¤•K© i‡q‡Q? K ¯’vei L aŸwb R Zxi N djv
P evY L cÖvY M gvb N Rxeb 59. Ô†mvnvMÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
45. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe †Kgb Mvb w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? P ggZv L D`viZv M dzj N wbh©vm
K gbfiv Mvb Q eyKfiv Mvb 60. ÔgvjÂÕ Kx?
M cÖvYfiv Mvb N Rxe‡bi Mvb K dz‡ji †`vKvb L dz‡ji Kuywo
46. Kwe dzj `vb K‡ib wK‡mi wecix‡Z? R dz‡ji evMvb N dz‡ji BwZnvm
P KuvUvi wecix‡Z L fv‡jvevmvi wecix‡Z 61. ÔwbVziÕ kãwU wb‡Pi †Kvb A_© cÖKvk K‡i?
M m¤§v‡bi wecix‡Z N Am¤§v‡bi wecix‡Z P wbôzi L wbg©g M wbf©vi N wbZ¨
47. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Z…Zxq ¯@e‡K PiY msL¨v KZ? 62. ÔevYxÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
K 3wU L 4wU M 5wU S 6wU K D¾¡j Q fvlY M K_vwPÎ N †`vKvb
48. Kwei ey‡K †h Kei euv‡a, Kwe Zvi- 63. ÔgyLÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
K cÖvY f‡i †`b Q eyK fwi‡q †`b P gyLMnŸi L gy‡Li Ask M evPvj N †evev
M gb f‡i †`b N Rxeb f‡i †`b 64. ÔVuvBÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv-
49. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq †Kgb dz‡ji K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? P ¯’vb L AbvkÖq
K mv`v dzj L †Mvjvwc dzj M `uvov‡bv N wec`
R iwOb dzj N meyR dzj 65. ÔwbišÍiÕ kãwU Øviv cÖKvwkZ A_© n‡jv-
50. ÒAvwg j‡q mwL, Zvwi gyLLvwbÓ- Gi Av‡Mi PiY †KvbwU? K weivg wb‡q L wekÖvgc~Y©
P †h gy‡L †m K‡n wbVzwiqv evYx R Aweivg N wbg©g
L †h gy‡L e‡n wbVzwiqv evYx 66. ÔciÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
M †h cÖv‡Y m‡n wbVzwiqv evYx K AvZ¥xq Q AbvZ¥xq
N †h cÖv‡Y †m m‡n wbVzwiqv evYx M c‡i N c‡ii Av‡jvPbv
51. †h wbVzwiqv evYx D”PviY K‡i Kwe Zvi gyLLvwb Kx K‡ib? 67. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv-
P wbišÍi mvRvb L cÖwZw`b mvRvb P cÖZz¨cKvi L AcKvi
M cÖwZ cÖfv‡Z mvRvb N B‡”Qg‡Zv mvRvb M Dcv`vb N K…ZÁ
52. Kwe Kvi Rb¨ iwOb dz‡ji †mvnvM-Rov‡bv dzj-gvj 68. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨MÖ‡š’i AšÍM©Z?
ai‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? K avb‡LZ Q evjyPi
M ivLvjx N nvmy
69. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwe Kx wemR©b w`‡q‡Qb? ii. 14 gvP©
K Avkv L B”Qv iii. 1976 mv‡j
R ¶z`ª ¯^v_© N civ_©ciZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
70. wK‡mi g‡a¨ e¨w³i cÖK…Z myL wbwnZ? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K Ávb AR©b L nvbvnvwb 79. RmxgD`&`xb L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib-
R civ_©ciZv N ¶z`ª ¯^v_© i. cwjøKwe wn‡m‡e
71. Kwei K‡É wK‡mi wecix‡Z cÖxwZgq cwi‡ek m„wó n‡q‡Q? ii. ÔKeiÕ KweZv iPbv K‡i
P cÖwZ‡kva- cÖwZwnsmvi L Avkv-fv‡jvevmv iii. wPÎKjvi Rb¨
M AwbóKvixi fv‡jvevmv N ¶gvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
72. Kwe Kv‡K ¶gv K‡i w`‡q‡Qb?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K myLx e¨w³‡K L eÜz‡K
80. ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvq Kwei m‡½ m¤•K© i‡q‡Q-
M my›`i‡K S AwbóKvix‡K
i. c‡_ c‡_ †Nv‡ib
eûc`x mgvwßm~PK cÖ‡kœvËi
ii. Ni euv‡ab
73. Kwe RmxgD`&`x‡bi Rš§MÖn‡Yi m‡½ m¤•K© i‡q‡Q- iii. †Ku‡` †eovb
i. dwi`cyi †Rjvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. 1903 mvj K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. Rvbyqvwi gv‡m 81. Kwei ey‡K †h Kei †eu‡a‡Q Kwe Zvi-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. ¶wZ Pvb
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. eyK f‡ib
74. RmxgD`&`xb iv‡R›`ª K‡jR †_‡K- iii. MyYMvb K‡ib
i. AvBG cvk K‡ib wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. weG cvm K‡ib K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. PvKwiRxeb ïiy K‡ib 82. ÔgyLÕ k‡ãi m‡½ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. gyLMnŸi
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. gyLgÐj
75. Kwe RmxgD`&`x‡b m‡½ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi m¤•K©- iii. gy‡Li Ask
i. Zv¤^yjLvbv MÖv‡g Rš§MÖnY K‡ib wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. cwjøKwe wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. cÖPvi I Rbms‡hvM wefv‡M PvKwi Ki‡Zb 83. ÔKzjÕ k‡ãi A_© †evSvq-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. esk
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. AvwfRvZ¨
76. RmxgD`&`x‡bi KweZvq Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB- iii. mgvR
i. evsjvi MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi Aven wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. bvMwiK †Kvjvnjgq Rxeb K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. mnR I mij cÖvK…wZK iƒc 84. ÔwbišÍiÕ k‡ãi A_© n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. AšÍ †bB Ggb
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. wbqZ
77. RmxgD`&`xb iwPZ Kve¨ n‡jv- iii. Aweivg
i. mvZwU Zvivi wZwgi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. avb‡¶Z K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. evjyPi 85. ÔAvcb Kwi‡Z Kuvw`qv †eovB †h †gv‡i K‡i‡Q ciÕ- GB
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ev‡K¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q-
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. Kwei D`viZv
78. RmxgD`&`xb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib- ii. Kwei gnË¡
i. XvKvq iii. Kwei ¶gvkxjZv
 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? P Kwei L †h Kwe‡K ci K‡i‡Q
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M cÖK…wZi N Kwei wcZvi
Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK cÖ‡kœvËi 89. ÔcÖ w Z`vbÕ KweZvi †cÖ ¶vc‡U DÏxc‡K Beªvnxg GKRb-
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 86 I 87 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. Amr gvbyl
Avwg †Zvgv‡`i cÖwZwbwa ïay, †gvi AwaKvi bvB ii. AgvbweK gvbyl
Avivg- my‡Li, - gvbyl nBqv wb‡Z gvby‡li †mev iii. Amwnòz gvby
Bmjvg e‡j, mK‡j mgvb, †K eo ¶z`ª †Kev wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
f…Zz¨ Pwoj D‡Ui wc‡V Dgi awij iwk K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
gvby‡l ¯^‡M© Zzwjqv awiqv ayjvq bvwgj kkx| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 90 I 91 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
86. DÏxc‡Ki m‡½ †Kvb KweZvi fveMZ wgj cvIqv hvq? Mvwn mv‡g¨i Mvb-
K Rxeb-e›`bv Q cÖwZ`vb gvby‡li †P‡q eo wKQz bvB, b‡n wKQz gnxqvb|
M Rxe‡bi Mvb N ivLvjx 90. DÏxc‡Ki fve ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi †Kvb fvewU‡K aviY
87. wg‡ji KviY n‡jv- K‡i?
i. gnvbyfeZvq P mvg¨ev`
ii. ¯^v_©ciZvq L cÖwZev`
iii. D`viZvq M wnsmv-we‡Ølc–Y© g‡bvfve
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N RvMiY wPšÍv
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 91. DÏxcK I Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q-
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 88 I 89 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. gvby‡li cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv
Beªvnx‡gi Ni cywo‡q †`q Rvjvj| Beªvnxg cÖwZ‡kva †bIqvi ii. gvby‡li cÖwZ Ae‡njv
Rb¨ Zrci nq| GKw`b my‡hvM ey‡S Rvjv‡ji Ni cywo‡q †`q iii. gvby‡li †kÖôZ¡
†m| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
88. DÏxc‡Ki Beªvnx‡gi m‡½ ÔcÖwZ`vbÕ KweZvi Kvi ˆemv`„k¨ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i‡q‡Q?

*mZK©Zv : wKQz k‡ãi d›U fvO‡Z cv‡i| enyc`x jvj iO K‡i DËi Kiv| eûwbe©vPwbi DËi : Ab¨ eY© Ack‡b †`qv Av‡Q|

wjUb †gv¯ÍvwdR
cÖfvlK, evsjv
exi‡kÖô b~i †gvnv¤§` cvewjK K‡jR wcjLvbv, XvKv
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