MUCHHALA POLYTECHNIC

BRANCH: CO5I
SUBJECT: OPERATING SYSTEM (OSY)

Title Of Micro-Project: TO STUDY DETAILS ABOUT LINUX UTILITIES

GROUP MEMBERS

ROLL NO CLASS NAME OF MEMBER

3110 CO51 VIDHI PATEL
3111 CO51 VEERA PATEL
3116 CO51 JAI SAWANT
3119 CO51 SANSKAR SHINDE

GUIDE NAME: Mrs. Gandhali Thakur

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Part A Plan
Title Of Micro-Project: –:

TO STUDY DETAILS ABOUT LINUX UTILITIES

Brief description: -

The command line is your direct access to a computer. It's where you ask
software to perform hardware actions that point-and-click graphical user
interfaces (GUIs) simply can't ask. Command lines are available on many
operating systems—proprietary or open source. But it’s usually associated
with Linux, because both command lines and open-source software,
together, give users unrestricted access to their computer.

Aim Of Micro-Project: -
• Study about linux Utilities
• Learn linux commands
• Linux provides a powerful command-line interface compared to other
operating systems such as Windows and MacOS.
• We can do basic work and advanced work through its terminal. We can
do some basic tasks such as creating a file, deleting a file, moving a file,
and more.
• In addition, we can also perform advanced tasks such as administrative
tasks (including package installation, user management), networking
tasks (ssh connection), security tasks, and many more.
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Action Plan: -

Plan Start Plan End Name Of Team

Sr No Detail Of Activities Date Date Members

Group formed according to roll no

& group leaders were elected also Mrs. Gandhali
1 15/07/24 26/07/24
detailed information on micro Thakur
project was given

Finalization of microproject as well

Jai Sawant
2 as detailed discussion regarding 29/07/24 09/07/24
Veera Patel
topic

Planning of micro-project
regarding, resources, software Jai Sawant
used, submission date and 12/08/24 06/09/24 Veera Patel
completing part a plan of micro –
project

Complete analysis of design part of

micro-project & distribution of Jai Sawant
4 26/08/24 15/07/24
module among group members Veera Patel

Vidhi Patel
20/09/24
5 Getting it finalized by the guide 09/08/24 Sanskar Shinde

6 Implementation of Project report 23/09/24 4/10/24 Jai Sawant

Presentation of 1st part of micro- Jai Sawant

project Infront of guide by each Sanskar Shinde
7 07/10/24 11/10/24
group member and preparing of Vidhi Patel
part b plan for micro-project Veera Patel
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Jai Sawant
Veera Patel
8 Submission of micro-project 14/10/24 18/10/24

Resources used: -

Name Of Resources
Specification Quantity Remarks
Sr No Required

Hp Pavilion Gaming
Laptop
16 Gb Ram
1 Laptop 1
256 Gb SSD
Nvidia 2060 Rtx
AMD RYZEN 7 5800H

2 Microsoft Word -- 1

3 Google -- 1
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PART B
Aim Of the Project:
• Linux provides a powerful command-line interface compared to other
operating systems such as Windows and MacOS.
• Study about Linux Utilities
• Learn Linux commands
• We can do basic work and advanced work through its terminal.
• We can do some basic tasks such as creating a file, deleting a file,
moving a file, and more. In addition, we can also perform advanced
tasks such as administrative tasks (including package installation, user
management), networking tasks (ssh connection), security tasks, and
many more.
• Linux terminal is a user-friendly terminal as it provides various
support options. To open the Linux terminal, press "CTRL + ALT + T"
keys together, and execute a command by pressing the 'ENTER' key.

Brief Description:
• The command line is your direct access to a computer. It's where you ask
software to perform hardware actions that point-and-click graphical user
interfaces (GUIs) simply can't ask.
• Command lines are available on many operating systems—proprietary or
open source.
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• But it’s usually associated with Linux, because both command lines and
open-source software, together, give users unrestricted access to their
computer.

Actual Procedure Followed:

1. Group Formation: - The group was formed by a teacher as per the roll
number of Five students.

• Finalization Of Micro-Project: - Our group discussed various topics

among ourselves and finalized the topic of Overview of Details
about linux utilities.
• Planning: - We planned on how to make the Micro-Project with all
our members for three days

4. Module Distribution & Analysis Part : - We distributed the module among

ourselves equally and our group leader did the analysis part.
5.Design Part: - The implementation of the Micro-Project was done by
every member of the group and the design part of the Micro-Project.
6.Implementation: - The implementation of the Micro-Project was done
by every member of the group and the design part of the Micro-Project.
7.Presentation: - The members of the group presented the Micro-Project
to the teacher at the time of submission.
8.Submission: - We submitted the Micro-Project the day after we
completed it after the first unit test.
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Actual Resources Used:

Name Of
Resources Specification Quantity Remarks
Sr No
Required

Hp Pavilion Gaming
Laptop
16 Gb Ram
1 Laptop 1
256 Gb SSD
Nvidia 2060 Rtx
AMD RYZEN 7
5800H

2 Microsoft Word Part of OS 1

3 Reference Google
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OUTPUT
OF
THE
MICRO-
PROJECT
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❖ Linux Directory Commands

1. pwd Command: The pwd command is used to display the location of the
current working directory.
Syntax:
Pwd

2. mkdir Command: The mkdir command is used to create a new directory

under any directory.
Syntax:
Mkdir<directory name>

3. rmdir Command: The rmdir command is used to delete a directory. Syntax:

Rmdir<directory name>

4. ls Command: The ls command is used to display a list of content of a

directory.
Syntax:
ls
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5. cd Command: The cd command is used to change the current directory.

Syntax:
cd<directory name>

❖ Linux File commands

6. touch Command: The touch command is used to create empty files. We
can create multiple empty files by executing it once.
Syntax:
1. touch<file name>
2. touch<file1> <file2>

7. cat Command: The cat command is a multi-purpose utility in the Linux

system. It can be used to create a file, display content of the file, copy the
content of one file to another file, and more.
Syntax:
1. cat [OPTION]... [FILE]..
To create a file, execute it as follows:
1. cat <file name>
2. // Enter file content
Press "CTRL+ D" keys to save the file. To display the content of the file,
execute it as follows:
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1. cat<file name>

8. rm Command: The rm command is used to remove a file.

Syntax:
rm<file name>

9. cp Command:
The cp command is used to copy a file or directory.
Syntax:
To copy in the same directory:
cp<existing file name><new file name>
To copy in a different directory:

10. mv Command: The mv command is used to move a file or a directory form

one location to another location.
Syntax:
mv<file name><directory path>

11. rename Command: The rename command is used to rename files. It is

useful for renaming a large group of files.
Syntax:
rename 's/old-name/new-name/' files
For example, to convert all the text files into pdf files, execute the below
command:
rename 's/\.txt$/\.pdf/' *.txt
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❖ Linux File Content Commands

12. head Command:

The head command is used to display the content of a file.
It displays the first 10 lines of a file.
Syntax:
Head<file name>

13. tail Command:

The tail command is similar to the head command. The difference between
both commands is that it displays the last ten lines of the file content. It is
useful for reading the error message.
Syntax:
tail<file name>
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14. tac Command:

The tac command is the reverse of cat command, as its name specified. It
displays the file content in reverse order (from the last line).
Syntax:
tac<file name>

15. more command:

The more command is quite similar to the cat command, as it is used to
display the file content in the same way that the cat command does. The only
difference between both commands is that, in case of larger files, the more
command displays screenful output at a time.
In more command, the following keys are used to scroll the page:
ENTER key: To scroll down page by line.
Space bar: To move to the next page.
b key: To move to the previous page.
/ key: To search the string.
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Syntax:
more<file name>

16. less Command:

The less command is similar to the more command. It also includes some
extra features such as 'adjustment in width and height of the terminal.'
Comparatively, the more command cuts the output in the width of the
terminal.
Syntax:
less<file name>

❖ Linux User Commands

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17. su Command: The su command provides administrative access to

another user. In other words, it allows access of the Linux shell to another
user.
Syntax:
Su<user name>

18. id Command: The id command is used to display the user ID (UID) and
group ID (GID).
Syntax:
Id

19. useradd Command: The useradd command is used to add or remove a

user on a Linux server.
Syntax:
useradd username

20. passwd Command: The passwd command is used to create and change
the password for a user.
Syntax:
Passwd<username>

21. groupadd Command: The groupadd command is used to create a user

group.
Syntax: groupadd<group name>
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❖ Linux Filter Commands

22. cat Command:
The cat command is also used as a filter. To filter a file, it is used inside pipes.
Syntax:
Cat<file name> | cat or tac | cat or tac |. . .

23. cut Command: The cut command is used to select a specific column of a
file. The '-d' option is used as a delimiter, and it can be a space (' '), a slash
(/), a hyphen (-), or anything else. And, the '-f' option is used to specify a
column number.
Syntax:
cut -d(delimiter) -f(columnNumber)<file name>
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24. grep Command: The grep is the most powerful and used filter in a Linux
system. The 'grep' stands for "global regular expression print." It is useful for
searching the content from a file. Generally, it is used with the pipe.
Syntax:
command | grep<searchWord>

25. comm Command: The 'comm' command is used to compare two files or
streams. By default, it displays three columns, first displays non-matching
items of the first file, second indicates the non-matching item of the second
file, and the third column displays the matching items of both files.
Syntax:
Comm<file1><file2>

26. sed command: The sed command is also known as stream editor. It is
used to edit files using a regular expression. It does not permanently edit
files; instead, the edited content remains only on display. It does not affect
the actual file.
Syntax: command | sed 's/<oldWord>/<newWord>/'

27. tee command:

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The tee command is quite similar to the cat command. The only difference
between both filters is that it puts standard input on standard output and
also write them into a file.
Syntax:
cat<fileName> | tee<newFile> | cat or tac |

28. tr Command: The tr command is used to translate the file content like
from lower case to upper case.
Syntax:
command | tr <'old'> <'new'>

29. uniq Command: The uniq command is used to form a sorted list in which
every word will occur only once.
Syntax:
command<fileName> | uniq

30. wc Command: The wc command is used to count the lines, words, and
characters in a file.
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Syntax:
wc<file name>

31. od Command: The od command is used to display the content of a file in

different s, such as hexadecimal, octal, and ASCII characters.
Syntax:
1. od -b // Octal format
2. od -t x1 // Hexa decimal format
3. od -c // ASCII character format

32. sort Command: The sort command is used to sort files in alphabetical
order.
Syntax:
sort<file name>

33. gzip Command: The gzip command is used to truncate the file size. It is a
compressing tool. It replaces the original file by the compressed file having
'.gz' extension.
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Syntax:
gzip<file1><file2><file3>

34. gunzip Command: The gunzip command is used to decompress a file. It

is a reverse operation of gzip command.
Syntax:
gunzip<file1><file2><file3> . .

❖ Linux Utility Commands :

35. find Command:
The find command is used to find a particular file within a directory. It also
supports various options to find a file such as byname, by type, by date, and
more.
The following symbols are used after the find command:
(.) : For current directory name
(/) : For root
Syntax:
find . -name "*.pdf"
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36. locate Command: The locate command is used to search a file by file
name. It is quite similar to find command; the difference is that it is a
background process. It searches the file in the database, whereas the find
command searches in the file system. It is faster than the find command. To
find the file with the locates command, keep your database updated.
Syntax:
locate<file name>

37. date Command: The date command is used to display date, time, time
zone, and more.
Syntax:
Date

38. cal Command: The cal command is used to display the current month's
calendar with the current date highlighted.
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Syntax:
cal<

39. sleep Command: The sleep command is used to hold the terminal by the
specified amount of time. By default, it takes time in seconds.
Syntax:
Sleep<time>

40. time Command: The time command is used to display the time to execute
a command.
Syntax:
time

41. exit Command: Linux exit command is used to exit from the current shell.
It takes a parameter as a number and exits the shell with a return of status
number.
Syntax:
exit

After pressing the ENTER key, it will exit the terminal.

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42. clear Command: Linux clear command is used to clear the terminal
screen.
Syntax:
Clear

43. ping Command: The ping command is used to check the connectivity
between two nodes, that is whether the server is connected. It is a short form
of "Packet Internet Groper."
Syntax:
Ping<destination>

44. host Command: The host command is used to display the IP address for
a given domain name and vice versa. It performs the DNS lookups for the
DNS Query.
Syntax:
host<domain name> or <ip address>

CONCLUSION
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In this project, we learn about the details on Linux utilities. Using

this project, we able to gain some knowledge on how to use Linux
Operating System.

THANK
YOU !!