2024 Scction I Use of English: Directions

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2024 考研英语（二）真题及答案
Scction I Use of English

Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A、, B、, C、
or D、on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people, for pleasure, when you
are not working. It is important to have a social life, but what is right for one person won’t be right
for another. Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others, 1 some of us may
feel drained, even if it’s doing something we enjoy.
This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key. Spending too much time on your own,
not 3 others, can make you feel lonely and 4 loneliness is known to impact on your mental
health and 5 a low mood. Anyone can feel lonely at any time. This might be especially true if,
6 you are working from home and you are 7 on the social conversations that happen
in the office. Other life changes also 8 periods of loneliness too, such as retirement, changing a
job or becoming a parent.
It’s important to recognize feelings or loneliness. There are ways to 9 a social life. But it be
overwhelming 10 You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be
able to meet 11 people. There are groups aimed at new parents, at those who want to 12 a
new sport for the first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and
13 ideas.
On the other hand, it is 14 possible to have too much of a social life. If you feel like you’re
always doing something and there is never any 15 in your calendar for downtime, you could
suffer social burnout or social 16 We all have our own social limit and it's important to
recognize when you're feeling like it's all too much. Low mood, low energy, irritability and trouble
sleeping could all be 17 of poor social health. Make sure you 18 some time in your diary
when you're 19 for socialising and use this time to relax, 20 and recover.
(1)、A、because B、unless C、whereas D、until
(2)、A、contrast B、balance C、link D、gap
1
(3)、A、seeing B、pleasing C、judging D、teaching
(4)、A、misguided B、surprised C、spoiled D、disconnected
(5)、A、contribute to B、rely on C、interfere with D、go against
(6)、A、in fact B、of course C、for example D、on average
(7)、A、cutting back B、missing out C、breaking in D、looking down
(8)、A、shorten B、trigger C、follow D、interrupt
(9)、A、assess B、interpret C、provide D、regain
(10)、A、at first B、in turn C、on time D、by chance
(11)、A、far-sighted B、strong-willed C、kind-hearted D、like-minded
(12)、A、try B、promote C、watch D、describe
(13)、A、test B、share C、accept D、revise
(14)、A、already B、thus C、also D、only
(15)、A、visit B、order C、space D、boundary
(16)、A、fatigue B、criticism C、injustice D、dilemma
(17)、A、sources B、standards C、signs D、scores
(18)、A、take over B、wipe off C、add up D、mark out
(19)、A、ungrateful B、unavailable C、responsible D、regretful
(20)、A、react B、repeat C、return D、rest
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing[A], [B], [C] or
[D].. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Anger over AI’s role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology’s future. In
her new book Cogs and Monsters: What Economics Is, and What It Should Be, Diane Coyle, an
economist at Cambridge University, argues that the digital economy requires new ways of
thinking about progress. “Whatever we mean by the economy growing, by things getting better,
2
the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,” she writes. “An economy of
tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers, with middle-income jobs undercut by automation,
will not be politically sustainable.”
Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use
of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors, including health care and
construction, says Coyle. But people can’t be expected to embrace the changes if they’re not
seeing the benefits—if they’re just seeing good jobs being destroyed.
In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review, Coyle said she fears that tech’s
inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI. “We’re talking about disruption,” she
says. “These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,
that change business models that succeed.” To make such “tremendous changes,” she adds, you
need social buy-in.
Instead, says Coyle, resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go
to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.
According to the Brookings Institution, a short list of eight American cities that included San
Francisco, San Jose, Boston, and Seattle had roughly 38% of all tech jobs by 2019. New AI
technologies are particularly concentrated: Brookings’s Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that
just 15 cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States (San
Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).
The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that
geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar. Not only will this foster political and
social unrest, but it could, as Coyle suggests, hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for
regional economies to grow.
Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on
defining the AI agenda. That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of
the tech giants. Muro and others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional
innovation centers, for example.
A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI
technologies that don’t simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different
parts of the country care most about, like health care, education, and manufacturing.
3
21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should .
A、give rise to innovation
B、diversify career choices
C、benefit people equally
D、be promoted forcefully
22.According to paragraph 2, digital technology should be useful to .
A、bring about instant prosperity
B、reduce people's workload
C、raise overall work efficiency
D、enhance cross-sector cooperation
23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technology?
A、They may affect work-life balance.
B、They may be impractical to deploy.
C、They may incur huge expenditure.
D、They may be unwelcome to the public.
24.Several American cities are mentioned to show .
A、the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US
B、the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US
C、the fast progress of US regional economies
D、the increasing significance of US AI assets
25.With regard to Coyle concern, the author suggests .
A、raising funds to start new AI projects
B、encouraging collaboration in AI research
C、guarding against the side effects of AI
D、redefining the role of AI technologies
Text2
The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce
wood, Confor has warned. The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce
the country’s reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future
generations. Currently only 20 percent of the UK’s wood requirement is home-grown while it
4
remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.
Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more
trees, the trade body says these don’t go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting
them to boost timber supplies. “Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now, but we will also be
facing a future construction crisis because of failure to plant trees to produce wood.” said Stuart
Goodall, chief executive of Confor. "For decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in
our domestic wood supply, leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future
supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."
The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global
leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed, Confor says. While around three
quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber, the use of home-grown wood in England
is only around 25 percent.
While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and
contribute to the UK's net-zero strategy, the focus of government support continues to be on food
production and the rewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity. Goodall add：
“ While food production and biodiversity are clearly of critical importance, we need our land to
also provide secure supplies of wood for construction, manufacturing and contribute to net zero.
“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting, there has been little
action on the ground." Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to
ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand."
26. It can be learned from paragraph 1 that the UK needs to .
A、increase its domestic wood supply
B、reduce its demand for timber
C、lower its wood production cost
D、lift its control on timber imports
27.According to Confor, the UK government’s fresh incentives .
A、can hardly address construction crisis
B、are believed to come at the wrong time
C、seem to be misleading for landowners
5
D、will be costly to put into practice
28.The UK’s exposure to fluctuational wood prices is a result of .
A、government’s inaction on timber imports
B、inadequate investment in growing wood
C、competition of timber traders at home
D、wood products motive to maximise profits
29.Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in UK?
A、Excessive timber consumption in construction.
B、Unfavorable conditions for growing trees.
C、Outdated technology for wood production.
D、Farmers’ unwillingness to plant trees.
30.What does Goodall think UK government should do?
A、Subsidize the building
B、Pay attention to rural economy
C、Provide more support for tree planting
D、Give priority to pursue net-zero strategy
Text3
One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is
time to turn over the key. It is a complete life-changer when someone stops- or is forced to stop -
driving, said former risk manager Anne M. Menke.
The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence
of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where
the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to
notify the Department of Motor Vehicles, Menke wrote. “Some states require physicians to report,
others allow but do not mandate reports, while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality.
There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on
reporting and confidentiality ” she counseled.
Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed
piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway
6
administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.
"There's not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies," she said. "We need better evidence on
what makes drivers unsafe" and what can help, said Dugan.
One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.
Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving
drivers 85 or older, according to one study. Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in
fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.
Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to. Primary care providers have their
hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because
they can't turn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't
changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily,
As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars won't solve the problems of
crashes, said Dugan. Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many
algorithms, she said. But we need to do more to improve safety, said Dugan. "If we're going to
have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year-old can drive comfortably."
(1)、
31.According to Paragraph1, keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road .
A、is a new safety measure
B、has become a disputed issue
C、can be a tough task to complete
D、will be beneficial to their health
32.The American medical associations advice .
A、has won support from drivers
B、is generally considered unrealistic
C、is wide dismissed as unnecessary
D、has met with different responses
33.According to Dugan, efforts to keep older drivers safe .
A、have brought about big changes
B、need to be well coordinated
7
C、have gained public concern
D、call for relevant legal support
34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to .
A、stick with bad driving habits
B、have a weakened memory
C、suffer from chronic pains
D、neglect car maintenance
35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in .
A、upgrading self-driving vehicle
B、developing senior-friendly cars
C、renovating transport facilities
D、adjusting the age limit for drivers
Text4
If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your
health—and probably several. Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected
health device or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better
track of our health in some shape or form. Recent research from the Organization for the Review
of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market,
90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.
While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal
information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. Existing health privacy law,
such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused on the way
hospitals, doctors’ offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records online. The health
information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive
the same legal protections.
Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize)
personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. In 2021,
Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission（FTC） investigation. The FTC alleged in a
complaint that "despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users' sensitivity
8
fertility data and shared it with third parties.” Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a
Consent Order requiring the company to get app users' express affirmative consent before sharing
their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.
Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or
deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are
misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm. While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps
are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information,
the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a
challenge this is.
As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal
privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. States have begun implementing their own
solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. California has been at the
forefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. Virginia，
Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.
36.The research findings are cited in paragraph 1 to show ________.
A、the prevalence of health apps
B、the public concern over health
C、popularity of smartphone
D、the advancement of technology
37.What does the author imply about existing health privacy law?
A、Its coverage needs to be extended.
B、Its enforcement needs strenthening.
C、It has discouraged medical misconduct.
D、It has disappointed insurance companies.
38.Before sharing its users' health information, Flo Health is required to .
A、seek the approval of the FTC
B、find qualified third parties
C、remove irrelevant personal data
D、obtain their explicit permission
39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?
9
A、The complexity of health information.
B、The rapid increase in new health apps.
C、The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.
D、The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.
40.It can be learned from the last paragraph that health date protection ________.
A、has been embraced by health app developers
B、has been a focus of federal policy-making
C、has encountered opposition in California
D、has gained legislative support in some states
Part B
Directions:
High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in
a litany of extracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective
undergraduate institution.
However, college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's
extracurricular activities matter more than the number of activities. he or she participates in.
Sue Rexford, the director of college guidance at the Charles. E. Smith Jewish Day School ,
says it is not necessary for a student, filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the
application
“No” college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they
have been passionately involved in each for an tended period of time, " Rexfon d wrote in an
email.
Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity
that is common among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon
activity.
The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer, and so if they
're going to do a popular activity, I'd say, be the best at it."says Sara Harherson, a college
admission consultant.
High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on
10
independently often impress colleges, experts say.
"For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and
potential by starting a profitable small business." Olivia Valdes, the founder or Zen Admissions
consulting firm, wrote in an email.
Josoph Adegboyega—Edun, a Maryland High school guidance counselor, says
unconventional, extracurricular activities can help students, impress college admissions offices,
assuming they demonstrated, serious commitment."Again, since one of the big question. high
school seniors muse consider is"What makes you unique?" having an uncommon, extracurricular
activity, a conventional one is an advantage,"he wrote in an email.
Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activity can help in the college
admissions process, especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions.
“Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in
the admissions process, especially for highly selective institutions, 431 where having top grades
and test scores is not enough,”Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions
consultancy, wrote in an email.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to
admissions officers and allow them to visualize how the student might come and enrich their
campus community.”
Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are
beneficial, experts suggest.“If you already know your major, having an extracurricular that fits
into that major can be a big plus,”says Mayghin Levine, the manager of educational opportunities
with The Cabbage Patch Settlement House, a Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit community center.
High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through
an extracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship, says Erica Gwyn, a
former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive
director of the Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.
(1)、41.Sue Rexford
A 、 Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier
institutions.
B 、 Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a
scholarship.
11
C、Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.
D、Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.
E、High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.
F、Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Students' determination and dedication.
G、It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future
study at college.
42.Sara Harberson
institutions.
scholarship.
study at college.
43.Katie Kelley
institutions.
scholarship.
study at college.
44. Mayghin Levine
12
【分数】2
【选项】
institutions.
scholarship.
study at college.
45. Erica Gwyn
institutions.
scholarship.
study at college
Section Ⅲ Translation
46.Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write
yours answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, stalls bursting with colorful
vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers’ markets are a feast for
13
the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or
raising your food, support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce — all at the
same time.
Farmers’ markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls,
which allow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of
markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area's agricultural calendar, and you’re
likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen,
the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where
— and to who — their money is going.
【答案】在咖啡和新鲜面包的香气中，摊位上陈列着色彩鲜艳的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，你可以
听见人们友好聊天时发出的嗡嗡声，农贸市场就是一场感官盛宴。在这里，你不仅有机会与
负责种植或饲养食物的农民交流，助力当地经济，还可以同时购买到新鲜的时令农产品。
农贸市场通常是每周或每月举办的户外市场，让农民或生产者可以直接把食物销售给顾客。
市场的规模和开市规律是根据当地的农业日历而有所变化，一年的不同时间里，你会发现市
场上出售不同的农产品。通过绕过中间商，农民可以获得更多的利润。顾客也受益于能够清
楚地知道他们的钱流向了哪里。
Section Ⅳ Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you and Jack are going to do a survey on the protection of old houses in an ancient
town. Write him an email to
（1）put forward your plan, and
（2）ask for his opinion.
Write your answer in about l00 words on the Answer Sheet.
Do not use your own name in your email, use "Li Ming"instead.
【参考范文】
Dear Jack,
14
I am delighted to have the opportunity to collaborate with you on the survey of the
protection of old houses in Shunde, Guangdong. The data collection for this project is scheduled
to conclude on December 29, 2023. I am writing to present my proposed plan.
To begin our survey, I suggest we make initial contact with the local government authorities
responsible for the preservation of old houses. This step will enable us to gather crucial
information about the number of old houses that have been identified and protected thus far.
Once we have the necessary data, we can proceed to the next stage by scheduling visits to these
preserved old houses. This will allow us to observe and document their current condition, taking
note of any required restoration or maintenance efforts.
I highly value your opinion and expertise in this field. I would greatly appreciate it if you
could review the proposed plan and share your thoughts. Please feel free to reach out to me at
your convenience.
Sincerely Yours,
Li Ming
48. Directions:
Write an essay on the chart below. In your essay, you should
1) describe and interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
Write down answer in about 150 words on the Answer Sheet. (15points)
15
【参考范文】
The chart speaks of the main gains of students in labor practice course at a certain
university. More specifically, more than 90% of college students gain relevant knowledge
through participating in such courses, with 84.8% of students indicating improvement in practical
skills, 54.4% citing enhanced cooperation, and 32.6% reporting a boost in their mood while
engaging in these courses.
Firstly, it is possible that the labor practice courses offered at the university are specifically
designed to equip students with practical knowledge and skills that directly relate to their future
careers. These courses likely focus on real-world applications and industry-specific skills, enabling
students to acquire knowledge and skills that are directly applicable to their future work. This
can greatly benefit them in their professional development. Secondly, these courses may
incorporate hands-on learning experiences and practical exercises. By engaging in real-world
scenarios and actively participating in tasks or projects, students not only gain practical skills, but
also develop teamwork and cooperation abilities. This type of experiential learning can positively
impact their overall engagement and motivation, leading to a more positive mood while
participating in these courses.
Having said the above, I believe that active participation in outdoor practical courses indeed
offers several benefits to college students.
16

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找研讯，找真题，找辅导,就上【聚创考研网】，微信 juchuang911

Scction I Use of English

or D、on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

feel drained, even if it’s doing something we enjoy.

job or becoming a parent.

(1)、A、because B、unless C、whereas D、until

(2)、A、contrast B、balance C、link D、gap

(3)、A、seeing B、pleasing C、judging D、teaching

(4)、A、misguided B、surprised C、spoiled D、disconnected

(5)、A、contribute to B、rely on C、interfere with D、go against

(6)、A、in fact B、of course C、for example D、on average

(7)、A、cutting back B、missing out C、breaking in D、looking down

(8)、A、shorten B、trigger C、follow D、interrupt

(9)、A、assess B、interpret C、provide D、regain

(10)、A、at first B、in turn C、on time D、by chance

(11)、A、far-sighted B、strong-willed C、kind-hearted D、like-minded

(12)、A、try B、promote C、watch D、describe

(13)、A、test B、share C、accept D、revise

(14)、A、already B、thus C、also D、only

(15)、A、visit B、order C、space D、boundary

(16)、A、fatigue B、criticism C、injustice D、dilemma

(17)、A、sources B、standards C、signs D、scores

(18)、A、take over B、wipe off C、add up D、mark out

(19)、A、ungrateful B、unavailable C、responsible D、regretful

(20)、A、react B、repeat C、return D、rest

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

[D].. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

will not be politically sustainable.”

need social buy-in.

to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.

Francisco and San Jose alone account for about one-quarter).

regional economies to grow.

innovation centers, for example.

A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI

21.Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should .

A、give rise to innovation

B、diversify career choices

C、benefit people equally

D、be promoted forcefully

22.According to paragraph 2, digital technology should be useful to .

A、bring about instant prosperity

B、reduce people's workload

C、raise overall work efficiency

D、enhance cross-sector cooperation

23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technology?

A、They may affect work-life balance.

B、They may be impractical to deploy.

C、They may incur huge expenditure.

D、They may be unwelcome to the public.

24.Several American cities are mentioned to show .

A、the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US

B、the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US

C、the fast progress of US regional economies

D、the increasing significance of US AI assets

25.With regard to Coyle concern, the author suggests .

A、raising funds to start new AI projects

B、encouraging collaboration in AI research

C、guarding against the side effects of AI

D、redefining the role of AI technologies