ˆ¯~

λ λ

θ° α β γ

( )
( )
λ
λ
λ
θ°
 β − β

( )
α α
− β β

β β

( )
α α

β β

( ) ( )

α
α
α
α

α
α
α α

( ) ( )
α α

( ) ( )

α
α
α
α

α
 θ°

( )
γ
 γ

( )
γ

( ) ( )

γ
γ
γ

γ
γ
For the shown frame in Fig.( ), Determine the following:
a) Joint displacement. b) Joint forces. c) Element forces.
d) Draw the F.B.D for element forces and joint forces.
e) Check the first column of the system stiffness matrix.
Where:
- Q 1=Q 2 =0 , Q 3 =20KN.m , and L1=L2 =L3 =4m.
- EI=1.92x10 5 KN.m2 and EA=4x10 5 KN.

1) Unknowns:q k ; k=1,2,3. 1 1 2 2 3
n=L.N J -N C
n=3.(4)-9=3 1 3

Fig.( )
Y 4
2 2
1 1

1 1 2 2 3
Structure Global and local axis.
2

3
1

4
X
q2 Q2
q3 Q3
q1 Q1

Structure Generalized Structure Generalized forces.

displacement.
1
1
0 1 1
0 2 2
- Connectivity matrix. 0 3 3
M= 3
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
2) Element Models:F i =K i .D i ; i=1,2,3.
where=F i =K i .D i (Global.)
2-1- Element no.(1)
L=4m,θ=0°
C1=1,C2=0
Element global stiffness matrix = Element local stiffness matrix.
K 1=k 1
0 0 0 1 2 3
β 0 0 -β 0 0 0
0 12 6L 0 -12 6L 0
1 0 6L 4L2 0 -6L 2L2 0
K =α -β β 1
0 0 0 0
0 -12 -6L 0 12 -6L 2
3
0 6L 2L2 0 -6L 4L2 3
1 2 3
β 0 0 1
M-Code
K (1) =α 0 12 -6L 2
0 -6L 4L2 3
2-2- Element no.(2)
L=4m,θ=0°
C1=1,C2=0
Element global stiffness matrix = Element local stiffness matrix.
K 2 =k 2 1 2 3 0 0 0
β 0 0 -β 0 0 1
0 12 6L 0 -12 6L 2
0 6L 4L2 0 -6L 2L2 3
K 2 =α -β β 0
0 0 0 0
0 -12 -6L 0 12 -6L 0 3
0 6L 2L2 0 -6L 4L2 0 1 2 3
β 0 0 1
M-Code
K (2) =α 0 12 6L 2
0 6L 4L2 3
2-3- Element no.(3)
π 1 2 3 0 0 0
L=4m,θ=-2 12 0 6L -12 0 6L 1
C 1=0,C 2 =-1 2
0 β 0 0 -β 0
3 6L 0 4L2 -6L 0 2L2 3
K =α 0
-12 0 -6L 12 0 -6L
0 -β 0 0 β -0 0
6L 0 2L2 -6L 0 4L2 0
1 2 3
12 0 6L 1
M-Code (3) 3
K =α 0 β 0 2
6L 0 4L2 3
3) Structure model:Q=K s .q
K s =∑K (i) ,i=1,2,3.

1 2 3
12+2β 0 6L 1 0
K s =α 0 24+β 0 2 Q= 0
6L 0 12L2 3 20

by sub. with
EI=1.92x10 5 KN.m2 ,EA=4x10 5 KN and L=4m.

-1.101321586x10 -5 5
q= 0
3.60988742x10 -5
 4) Element forces:F i =K i .D i ; i=1,2,3.
where=F i =K i .D i (Global.)
4-1- Element no.(1)

1 2 3
-β 0 0 0 1.1013
0 -12 6L 0 2.5991
0 -6L 2L2 0 3.4655
F 1=α β F 1=
0 0 q1 -1.1013
0 12 -6L q2 -2.5991
0 -6L 4L2 q3 6.9310

4-2- Element no.(2) 3

1 2 3
β 0 0 q1 -1.1013
0 12 6L q2 2.5991
0 6L 4L2 q3 6.9310
F 2 =α -β 0
2
F =
0 0 1.1013
0 -12 -6L 0 -2.5991
0 6L 2L2 0 3.4655

3
4-3- Element no.(3)
1 2 3
12 0 6L q1 2.2026
0 β 0 q2 0
3 6L 0 4L2 q3 6.1380
F =α 0 F 3=
-12 0 -6L -2.2026
0 -β 0 0 0
6L 0 2L2 0 2.6725
3
 3.4655 3.4655 3.4655 6.9310 6.9310 20 6.9310 6.9310 3.4655 3.4655 3.4655
1.1013 1.1013 1.1013 1.1013
1.1013
1 1 2 2 1.1013 3
2.5991 2.5991 2.5991 2.5991 2.5991 2.5991 2.5991 2.5991 2.5991 2.5991
2.2026
6.1380
6.1380
2.2026
3 F.B.D

2
2.2026
2.6725
2.6725
2.2026
2.2026 4
2.6725
5) Joint forces:p

3
3
3

-2.5991
-2.5991
1.1013

2.6725
3.4655
2.5991
1.1013

3.4655

0
20
0
0

P4=
P2=

P3=
P1=
Check the first column of the system stiffness matrix.

K21
q 1=1 K31
K11
D 14 D 12

D 13

αβ αβ αβ αβ
L q 1=1
q 1=1
L
q 1=1

12α 6Lα
10

12α 6Lα
1
12+2β
α 0
6L
 1) Unknowns:q k ; k=1,2.
1
n=L.N J -N C 1 3.6 KN
n=2.(4)-6=2
- Connectivity matrix. 2 11.4 KN

0 0 0 2 4
0 0 0
M= 3
1 1 1
2 2 2 3

θ°

γ
θ
γ
θ

- Stiffness matrix transformation. K i →K (i)

( )
γ

( ) ( ) ( )
γ γ γ
 ( ) ( ) ( )

γ
γ
γ

4-Element Forces: f i =k i .d i (Local) ; i=1,2,3

M i Λi i
q →D →d
D bi =q D ai =0
d bi =λi .q d ia =0
d b1=λ1.q=[ 0.8 -0.6 ].q= -7
γ
Element Local Forces
d b2 =λ 2 .q=[ 1 0 ].q= -5 Diagram.
γ
7
d b3 =λ3 .q=[ 0.8 0.6 ].q= -1
γ
1
1 -1 0 7
1
f =γ 1 =
-1 1 γ -7 -7 7

1 -1 0 5 5 2 5
f 2 =γ 1 =
-1 1 γ -5 -5
1

1 -1 0 1
f 3 =γ 1 = 3
-1 1 γ -1 -1
1
 -Element Forces: F i =ΛiT .f i
(Global Forces)

C1 0 0.8 0 5.6
0 7
iT C2 -0.6 0 -4.2
Λ = 0 C1
1
F = = -5.6
0 0.8 -7
0 C2 0 -0.6 4.2

0.8 0 1 0.8 5
0.6 0 0.6 0
F 3= 0 0.8 = -0.8 F 2= -5
-1
0 0.6 -0.6 0

6-Joint Forces: p=∑ N.E i

i=1 F (a or b)

p 1=F 1a
p 2 =F a2
p 3 =F 3a
p 4 =F b1+F b2 +F b3

5.6 5 0.8
p 1= p 2= p3=
-4.2 0 0.6
4.2
-11.4
p4 = 5.6 1
3.6
0.6
5.6
0.8 5
5 2
4.2

3
0.8 Element Global Forces
Diagram.
0.6
 4.2 Joint Forces Check 1st column.
Diagram. Q=KS.q
Q1 K K q1
5.6 = 11 12
Q2 K21 K22 q2
3.6 KN
Put q1=1, and q2=0
5 11.4 KN Q1=K11
Q2=K21
D3

0.8
γ
0.6

q1 D31 K21

K11
D23

D33

θ°
D31

D23

D33
Q1=K11=(C21)1+(C21)2+(C21)3=0.64+1+0.64=2.28
Q2=K21=(C1C2)1+(C1C2)2+(C1C2)3=-0.64+0+0.64=0
 10 KN/m
1) Unknowns:q k ; k=1,2,3.
n=L.N J -N C 2 2 3
n=3.(3)-6=3
Y 2 1

1
1
2 2 3
1

1
2

1 10 KN/m
X
Structure Global and local axis.
q2
q3
q1
Actual

Structure Generalized
displacement.

10 KN/m
Q2
Q3 13.333
Q1
20

Modified
Structure Generalized forces.

0 1 20
0 2 13.333
0 3
- Connectivity matrix. M=
1 0
2 0 Equivalent
3 0
2) Element Models:F i =K i .D i ; i=1,2,3.
where=F i =K i .D i (Global.) 0 0 0 1 2 3
2-1- Element no.(1)
π 12 0 -6L -12 0 -6L 0
θ=2 ® C1=0,C2=1
0 β 0 0 -β 0 0
3 -6L 0 4L2 6L 0 2L2 0
K =α 0 6L
-12 0 6L 12 1
0 -β 0 0 β 0 2
-6L 0 2L2 6L 0 4L2 3
1 2 3
12 0 6L 1
M-Code
K (1) =α 0 β 0 2
6L 0 4L2 3

2-2- Element no.(2)

L=4m,θ=0°
C1=1,C2=0
Element global stiffness matrix = Element local stiffness matrix.
K 2 =k 2
1 2 3 0 0 0
β 0 0 -β 0 0 1
0 12 6L 0 -12 6L 2
2 0 6L 4L2 0 -6L 2L2 3
K =α -β β 0
0 0 0 0
0 -12 -6L 0 12 -6L 0
0 6L 2L2 0 -6L 4L2 0 1 2 3
β 0 0 1
M-Code
K (2) =α 0 12 6L 2
0 6L 4L2 3
3) Structure model:Q=K s .q
K s =∑K (i) ,i=1,2,3.

1 2 3
12+β 0 6L 1 0
K s =α 0 12+β 6L 2 Q= -20
2
6L 6L 8L 3 -13.333

10(12+β-9L)
α(3+β)(12+β)L
10(-12-β+15L+2βL)
q= α(3+β)(12+β)L
512+β-9L)
3α(3+β)L²
 4) Element forces:F i =K i .D i ; i=1,2,3.
where=F i =K i .D i (Global.)
4-1- Element no.(1)

1 2 3
-12 0 -6L 0
0 -β 0 0
6L 0 2L2 0
F 1=α 0
12 6L q1
0 β 0 q2
6L 0 4L2 q3

4-2- Element no.(2)

1 2 3
β 0 0 q1
0 12 6L q2
0 6L 4L2 q3
F 2 =α -β 0
0 0
0 -12 -6L 0
0 6L 2L2 0
Check the second column of the system stiffness matrix.
K22
q 2 =1

K32
6Lα K12

6Lα
q 2 =1

12α
αβ

12α
q 2 =1

2
0
α 12+β
L

6L
αβ