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    JDBC

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    JDBC- Java Database Connectivity

     JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity.


     JDBC is a Java API to connect and execute the query with the database.
     JDBC API uses JDBC drivers to connect with the database.
     There are four types of JDBC drivers:
    o JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver,
    o Native Driver,
    o Network Protocol Driver, and
    o Thin Driver

     The java.sql package contains classes and interfaces for JDBC API.
     A list of popular interfaces of JDBC API is given below:
    o Driver interface
    o Connection interface
    o Statement interface
    o PreparedStatement interface
    o CallableStatement interface
    o ResultSet interface
    o ResultSetMetaData interface
    o DatabaseMetaData interface
    o RowSet interface

     A list of popular classes of JDBC API are given below:


    o DriverManager class
    o Blob class
    o Clob class
    o Types class
    Use of JDBC:
    JDBC API to handle database using Java program and can perform the following activities:
    1. Connect to the database
    2. Execute queries and update statements to the database
    3. Retrieve the result received from the database.
    Java Database Connectivity with 5 Steps
    There are 5 steps to connect any java application with the database using JDBC. These steps are as follows:
    o Register the Driver class
    o Create connection
    o Create statement
    o Execute queries
    o Close connection
    1) Register the driver class
    The forName() method of Class class is used to register the driver class. This method is used to dynamically
    load the driver class.
    Syntax of forName() method
    public static void forName(String className)throws ClassNotFoundException
    Example to register the OracleDriver class
    Java program is loading oracle driver to establish database connection.
    Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
    2) Create the connection object
    The getConnection() method of DriverManager class is used to establish connection with the database.
    Syntax of getConnection() method
    1) public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException
    2) public static Connection getConnection(String url,String name,String password) throws SQLException
    Example to establish connection with the Oracle database
    Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","password");
    3) Create the Statement object
    The createStatement() method of Connection interface is used to create statement. The object of statement is
    responsible to execute queries with the database.
    Syntax of createStatement() method
    public Statement createStatement()throws SQLException
    Example to create the statement object
    Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
    4) Execute the query
    The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries to the database. This method
    returns the object of ResultSet that can be used to get all the records of a table.
    Syntax of executeQuery() method
    public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws SQLException
    Example to execute query
    ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
    while(rs.next()){
    System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
    }
    5) Close the connection object
    By closing connection object statement and ResultSet will be closed automatically. The close() method of
    Connection interface is used to close the connection.
    Syntax of close() method
    public void close()throws SQLException
    //Example to Connect Java Application with Oracle database
    1. import java.sql.*;
    2. class OracleCon{
    3. public static void main(String args[]){
    4. try{
    5. //step1 load the driver class
    6. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
    7.
    8. //step2 create the connection object
    9. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");

    //step3 create the statement object


    Statement stmt=con.createStatement();

    //step4 execute query


    ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
    while(rs.next())
    System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getString(3));

    //step5 close the connection object


    con.close();
    }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
    }
    }

    //Example to Connect Java Application with MySQL database


    import java.sql.*;
    class MysqlCon{
    public static void main(String args[]){
    try{
    Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
    Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sonoo","root","root");
    //here sonoo is database name, root is username and password
    Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
    ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
    while(rs.next())
    System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getString(3));
    con.close();
    }catch(Exception e){ System.out.println(e);}
    }
    }

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