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    IB CHEM TR Unit5 Powerpoint

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    IB CHEM TR Unit5 Powerpoint

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    IB CHEM TR Unit5 Powerpoint

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    Chemistry

    For the IB Diploma

    Chemistry for the IB Diploma – Yu & Fletcher © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023
    Chapter 5
    Ideal gases

    Chemistry for the IB Diploma – Yu & Fletcher © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023
    Avogadro’s law only applies to IDEAL GASES

    The assumptions of the ideal gas model are as follows:


    • An ideal gas consists of particles in constant, random motion.
    • The particles have no volume (they are point masses).
    • No forces exist between particles (except when they collide).
    • All collisions between particles, and between particles and the wall
    of the container, are perfectly elastic (there is no change in the total
    kinetic energy of the colliding particles).
    • Real gases deviate most from ideal behaviour at

    – low temperatures
    [ – high pressures ] peviates the most

    Chemistry for the IB Diploma – Yu & Fletcher © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023
    Boyle’s law

    P∝1/V PV = k P = k/V

    Figure 5.1: The relationship Figure 5.2: The Figure 5.3: The relationship
    between pressure and 1/volume relationship between between the pressure and volume
    of a fixed mass of an ideal gas at PV and P for a fixed of a fixed mass of an ideal gas at
    constant temperature. The mass of an ideal gas at constant temperature.
    pressure and volume could constant temperature.
    also be in other units,
    e.g. m3 and dm3 for volume.

    Boyle’s law states that, at a constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of a given gas
    is inversely proportional to its pressure.

    Chemistry for the IB Diploma – Yu & Fletcher © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023
    Charles’ law
    V∝ 𝑇 (in 𝐾)

    Figure 5.4: The relationship between the Figure 5.5: The relationship between the
    volume and temperature (in kelvin) of a volume and temperature (in °C) of a fixed mass
    fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant of an ideal gas at constant pressure. As can be
    pressure. The graph is dashed at the seen, the temperature at which the volume of
    end because we can’t actually get to an ideal gas is zero would be −273.15 °C. This
    absolute zero. temperature is absolute zero.

    Charles’ law states that the volume of a fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly
    proportional to its absolute (kelvin) temperature.

    Chemistry for the IB Diploma – Yu & Fletcher © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023
    Gay-Lussac’s law
    P∝ 𝑇 (in K)

    Figure 5.6: The relationship between the pressure and temperature


    (kelvin) of a fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant volume.

    For a fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant volume, the pressure is directly
    proportional to its absolute (kelvin) temperature

    Chemistry for the IB Diploma – Yu & Fletcher © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023
    Overall gas law equation
    PV P2V2
    1 1

    T1 T2
    Ideal gas equation

    PV = nRT
    R = 8.31 J K −1 mol −1
    pressure: Pa
    volume: m3
    temperature: K

    Chemistry for the IB Diploma – Yu & Fletcher © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023
    The relationship between the amount
    (number of moles) of a gas and its volume

    Figure 5.7: The relationship between the amount


    (number of moles) of a gas and its volume at STP.

    Molar volume of an ideal gas can be calculated by rearranging the


    ideal gas equation to V = n  RT/P and substitute n = 1 mol.

    Chemistry for the IB Diploma – Yu & Fletcher © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023

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