GRASP YOUR VOCABULARY – LESSON #4

Word focus
cognitive conscious perceive recognize

I. Before you write

1. Soon after “Iron man” hit the theater in 2008, the MCU’s entry gave a new meaning to the Super Hero genre.
a. defied b. defined c. redefined d. refined

2. “I hate it when music videos contain religious images that are too obvious. I mean, at least make it subtle, will you?”
a. explicit b. explicable c. exclusive d. extreme
(in-the-nose) (explainable)
3. Chi Pheo’s ultimate decision to kill the malicious landlord signified the imminent collapse of feudalism.
a. implied b. indicated c. meant d. all of the above

4. The pandemic has wreaked havocs on (ri:k havuhk zon) the economy and caused a large proportion of the population to lose
their jobs.
a. be unemployed b. have unemployment c. become unemployable d. employ

5. The media is misrepresenting Gen-Zs to promote toxic behaviors in relationships such as breadcrumbing and cheating.
a. advertise b. popularize c. encourage d. all of the above

6. It is urgent that governments around the world take ________ to deal with environmental issues.
a. action b. risks c. time d. effort
spend time on sth/ allocate time to sth
put effort into sth
take risks/ take action/ take measure to do sth

7. Employees who are allowed to work from home are less likely to develop burn-out symptoms.
a. have a lower chance to develop b. face a lower risk of developing
b. do not tend to develop c. all of the above

8. Shopee, Lazada and other delivery applications constantly run _________ campaigns to engage more customers.
a. promoting b. promotional c. promotion d. promoted

9. Being exposed to cyber-bullying and bad influencers might does do harm to teenagers’ impressionable mentality.
a. emotion b. mindset c. attitude d. all of the above.
Be exposed to sth
Do harm to ~ harm ~ undermine ~ put/exert/lay negative influences (impacts/ effects) on ~ adversely affect on
Destroy ~ inflict damage to ~ wreak havocs on ~ wreck

10. If you invest without carefully considering the ________, you are poised to lose money.
a. dangers b. threats c. risks c. all of the above.
Be poised to do sth ~ be sure to do sth ~ be very likely to do sth
Cognitive (Adj)
Studies has shown a connection between physical exercise and cognitive ability.
In schools, they are taught to listen and repeat, but not to question what they are taught, which seriously hinders their cognitive
development.
It is still a long time before robots can achieve human’s level of cognitive complexity.

Conscious (Adj)
I was half-conscious during the operation: I could hear the surgeons talking but couldn’t feel.
The middle class have become increasingly health-conscious.
I used to be self-conscious of my height, but then I realized I the problem was my face, not my height.

Perceive (Adj)
You see something with your eyes but perceive it with your mind.
I drive slowly so that in case I die of traffic accident, I would be perceived as unlucky, not dumb.
Society has changed the way they perceive members of the LGBT community.
🡪 Public perception of the LGBT community has changed.

Recognize (V)
Most high-end smart phones come with a facial recognition feature.
The US’s recognition of Taiwan’s sovereignty enraged the Chinese government.
Jordan Peele’s horror movie ‘US’ received world recognition and acclaim from the critics.

THE MANY TRANSLATIONS OF ‘NHẬN THỨC/ Ý THỨC/ TƯ DUY’

AWARENESS – AWARE (the public is aware of the fraudulence of Elon Quyet)
CONSCIOUSNESS – CONSCIOUS (When you pass out, you lose your consciousness)
COGNITION – COGNITIVE – (It is harmful for children’s cognitive development)
PERCEPTION - PERCEIVE
I perceived my failures in 2020 as valuable lessons.
People never perceive me as the same person that I perceive myself.
You see with your eyes, but you perceive with your mind.
Awareness Conscience Perception Recognition
Cognition Consciousness Perspective ~ opinion Understanding

1. Conscience: The part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrong.
2. Consciousness: The state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is
happening.
When I think of you, you exist as a part of my consciousness.
3. Cognition: The ability to learn, understand knowledge, and form opinion.
4. Perception : A way of viewing or understanding something
5. Perspective: A point from which we view, understand something.
6. Recognition: The act of remembering or identifying something.
7. Awareness: The act of knowing something is important.
8. Understanding: The knowledge that you have about something.

VTV: Những người không tuân thủ quy định giãn cách là những người vô ý thức.
People who disregard social distancing lack awareness/ are unaware of the severity of the situation.
People who disregard social distancing are unconscious of social responsibilities.
People who disregard social distancing are thoughtless.
People who dissregard social distancing are socially irresponsible.

People who disregard social distancing are unconscious.

People who disregard social distancing lack consciousness.
People who disregard social distancing don’t have cognitive ability.

Lương tâm Ý thức >< tiềm thức Quan điểm Sự hiểu biết
Nhận thức Ý thức >< vô ý thức Cách nhìn nhận Khả năng nhận diện

1. From my perspective (point of view), it is the misuse and abuse of technology that harm people, not
technology itself.
2. Designers must have thorough understanding of photo-editing softwares.
3. Once you’ve spent a mind-numbing amount of time online, you start to lose your perception of reality.
4. Governments should run educational campaigns to raise public awareness of social media addiction.
5. Children’s perception of the world is simplistic and shallow: They don’t know how complicated the world is.
6. Steve acquired a head injury that affected his cognition and prevented him from learning new things.

II. Writing Lesson #2: TENSES and COMPOUND SENTENCES

Exercise 1: Rewrite these sentence using the given starters and the word in brackets.
1. I perceive the world through a cynical lens, but try my best to send positive energy to people.
🡪 Despite my cynical perception of the world, but I try my best to send positive energy to people. (perception)
2. Although the people are aware of the virus, they have no other options but to put their lives at risks to make a
living.
🡪 Regardless of public awareness of the virus, they have no other options but to put their lives at risks to make a
living (awareness)
3*. Many youngsters are willing to sacrifice their physical and mental health so that they are recognized by the
society.
🡪 Because of their desire for social recognition, many youngsters are willing to sacrifice their physical and mental
health (recognition)
🡪 Because of recognition from society, many youngsters are willing to sacrifice their physical and mental health.
4. Children should be allowed to engage in outdoor activities because doing so is good for their cognition.
🡪 Due to their developing cognitive ability, children should be allowed to engage in outdoor activities (cognitive …)
🡪 Due to the cognitive development of children, they should be allowed to engage in outdoor activities.
🡪 Due to the cognitive benefits of outdoor activities, children should be allowed to engage in them.
5. Relationships cannot be formed or maintained if people do not understand each other.
🡪 Without mutual understanding, relationships cannot be formed or maintained (understanding)
🡪 Without understanding each other, people cannot form or maintain relationships.
Exercise 2: What’s wrong with these sentences in terms of meaning?
1. Mental illnesses due to stress-related factors become more and more common nowadays.
2. Recent breakthroughs in bio-chemical technology make food cheaper and more accessible.
3. The number of city people at risk of respiratory diseases increases rapidly due to air pollution.
1.2.3 🡪 Xu hướng: HTHT/ HTTD

4. The middle class are being concerned about their health.

5. Explicit contents are having negative effects on youngsters’ mental development.
6. When people are sitting at one place for too long, they develop health issues.
4.5.6 🡪 Sự thật hiển nhiên chứ không phải một xu hướng nhất thời 🡪 HTĐ

Excersise 3: Translate these sentences using the given words

QKĐ: S + V2/ed vs HTHT: S + have/has V3/ed
0. Nhiều năm lăn lộn trong xã hội đã thay đổi perception của tôi về thế giới.
🡪 Many years of social grinding has changed my perception of the world.
1. Tạp chí và phim ảnh đã luôn (promote) những người mẫu với dáng người phi thực tế.
🡪 ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Nhiều người dân hiện đại đã chọn (be employed from home) thay vì phải đến văn phòng.
🡪 ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Thế giới của tôi có thể đã không thay đổi, nhưng (perception) của tôi về nó thì đã thay đổi.
🡪 ____________________________________________________________________________________________.
4. Thế hệ trẻ ngày nay đã trở nên (aware) hơn với tầm quan trọng của việc quản lý tài chính.
🡪 ____________________________________________________________________________________________.