Centre Number Candidate Number Candidate Name

NAMIBIA SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE

DEVELOPMENT STUDIES ORDINARY LEVEL 6136/2

PAPER 2 2 hours
Marks 70 2023

Additional Material: Non-programmable calculator

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This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

Republic of Namibia
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, ARTS AND CULTURE

© MoEAC/DNEA 6136/2/23 [Turn over

 2
For
Examiner’s
1 Study Photographs A, B and C, which shows different types of traditional rural societies. Use

Photograph A

Photograph B

Photograph C

6136/2/23
 3
For
Examiner’s
(a) (i) Identify the types of traditional rural societies shown by photographs A, B Use
and C.

Photograph A .........................................................................................

Photograph B .........................................................................................

Photograph C ........................................................................................ [3]

(ii) Using evidence from photographs A, B and C only, describe how labour is
used as a factor of production by traditional rural societies.

Photograph A .........................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Photograph B .........................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Photograph C .........................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]
(iii) Suggest the type of tools used in each of the traditional rural societies in
photographs A, B and C.

Photograph A .........................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Photograph B .........................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Photograph C .........................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]
(iv) State the type of technology being used in photographs A, B and C.

............................................................................................................... [1]

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 4
For
Examiner’s
(b) Study Fig. 1, which shows ten countries with the highest rate of deforestation Use
of primary forest.

60

50
Percentage deforestation rate

40
of primary forest

30

20

10

0 a
i
a
am
ia

ka

a
a

a
aw

al
re
di

m
si

al
er

ep
an

Ko
bo

ne
tn

al

na

m
ig

N
M
iL
e

te
am

do
N

Pa
th
Vi

ua
Sr

or
In
C

G
N

Countries

Fig. 1
(i) According to Fig. 1, which country has the highest rate of deforestation?

............................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Using Fig. 1, state the percentage rate of deforestation in Sri Lanka.

............................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Using Fig. 1, calculate the difference in the rate of deforestation between
Vietnam and Panama. Show your working.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [2]

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For
Examiner’s
(iv) Explain why deforestation is a global problem. Use

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [4]
(v) Suggest three ways by which governments of the countries shown in
Fig. 1 can help to reduce deforestation.

1 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

3 .............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]

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 6
For
Examiner’s
(c) Study Fig. 2, an extract about aquaculture, fish resources and rural Use
livelihoods: a village Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) analysis from
Namibia’s Zambezi Region.

Aquaculture is breeding, rearing and harvesting of fish and shellfish and is widely
recognised as a way to reduce malnutrition and poverty. So far research has mainly
focused on Asia and only a few studies are available from sub-Saharan Africa. A
rural case study was carried out in Namibia where malnutrition, poverty and fish
resource overexploitation are currently problems. Aquaculture is one of the activities
initiated by the government to enhance food security, alleviate poverty and improve
the livelihood of the rural people.
About 50 percent of the population makes a living from inland fish resources. The
consumption of freshwater fish in the Zambezi region is higher than that of other
types of food like beef, game and poultry. Tilapia is the most abundantly available
type of fish. Furthermore, aquaculture can prevent malnutrition through increased
fish consumption.

Fig. 2
(i) With reference to Fig. 2, identify three reasons why the government
initiated an aquaculture project in the Zambezi region.

1 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

3 .............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Using Fig. 2, state the percentage of the population that makes a living
from inland fish resources.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Apart from aquaculture, suggest other small scale projects which can help
people to sustain their livelihood in rural areas.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]

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For
Examiner’s
(iv) Suggest three ways in which an aquaculture project could be financed. Use

1 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

3 .............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]

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 8
For
Examiner’s
(d) Study Fig. 3, which shows the summary of the Tourist Statistical Report Use
prepared by the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism in Namibia in 2019.

TOURIST ARRIVALS GROWTH RATE POPULAR ENTRY POINTS

2.5% increase from 2018 to 2019 30.0% Northern Border Posts
3.9% increase from 2017 to 2018 27.1% North Easter Border Posts
19.9% HKIA
TOP TEN TOURIST ATTRACTION TOP TEN OVERSEAS MARKET
Angola, South Africa, Zambia, Germany, Germany, France, UK, USA,
Zimbabwe, Botswana, China, Netherlands, Switzerland,
France, UK, USA and China Italy, Portugal and Scandinavia
TOURISTS GENDER POPULAR ENTRY POINTS
60.0% Male 54.1% Road Users
40.0% Female 42.8% Air Users

TOURISTS PURPOSE OF VISIT AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY

50.8% Visiting Friends and Relatives 15 days in 2019
33.5% Holiday 16 days in 2018
12.4% Business
TOURIST FROM NORTH AMERICA OVERSEAS PURPOSE OF VISIT
4.3% decline in 2018−2019 14.4% Visiting friends
8.4 % decline in 2017−2018 78.4% Holiday
5.0% Business
AGE OF OVERSEAS TOURISTS TOURISTS FROM CHINA
67.8% Are above 40 years from European Market 26.1% Increase from 2018−2019
60.0% Are above 40 years from North America Market 0.1% Increases from 2012−2018

SEASONALITY
24.0% Comes between Jan-April 49.5% Age less than 40 years
25.1% Comes between May-Sept 50.5% Age above 40 years
23.8% Comes between Oct-Dec

Fig. 3
(i) Using Fig. 3, state the percentage of tourists who visited Namibia for
holiday in 2019.
............................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Using Fig. 3, identify the rate at which tourist arrivals from North America
decreased between 2017 and 2018.
............................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Compare, using data from Fig. 3, the gender of tourists who visited
Namibia in 2019.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [2]

[35]

6136/2/23
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For
Examiner’s
2 (a) Study Fig. 4, which shows the world primary production of uranium oxide 2020 (%). Use

World primary production of uranium oxide, 2020 (%)

Ukraine
2% South Africa
Others 1%
5%
Russia
6% Kazakhstan
41%
Niger
6%

Uzbekistan
7%

Canada
9%

Namibia
11% Australia
12%

Fig. 4
(i) Using Fig. 4, identify the country that has the largest production of
uranium oxide.

............................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Using Fig. 4, state the total percentage of uranium oxide produced by
African countries. Show your working.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [2]

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 10
For
Examiner’s
(iii) Explain how mining contributes to the socio-economic development of a Use
country such as Namibia.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]
(iv) Suggest three environmental problems caused by mining in Namibia.

1 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

3 .............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]

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For
Examiner’s
(b) Study Fig. 5, which shows the total exports and imports of Namibia from April Use
2020 to April 2021.
Total exports and imports April 2020 to April 2021
Export Import

14 000

12 000

10 000
Value (N$ m)

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

0
Apr-20 May-20 Jun-20 Jul-20 Aug-20 Sep-20 Oct-20 Nov-20 Dec-20 Jan-21 Feb-21 Mar-21 Apr-21

Fig. 5
(i) What is meant by exports?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Which month did imports begin to increase most rapidly? Suggest
reasons for the increase.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]
(iii) By how much did the exports increase between February 2021 and
March 2021?

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [1]

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 12
For
Examiner’s
(iv) Using data from Fig. 5, describe how imports and exports changed Use
between June and July 2020.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [2]
(v) Using Fig. 5, identify the type of balance of trade that Namibia
experienced in June 2020.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [1]
(vi) Exports can earn money for a country.
State three other ways in which Namibia can earn money from abroad.

1 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

2 .............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

3 .............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]

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 13
For
Examiner’s
(c) Study Photographs D, E and F, which shows different types of aid. Use

Photograph D

Photograph E

Photograph F
(i) Identify the types of aid illustrated in photographs D, E and F.

Photograph D..............................................................................................

Photograph E...............................................................................................

Photograph F............................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Name two United Nations agencies that can give aid to a country in need.

1 ..................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................... [2]

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 14
For
Examiner’s
(iii) If you were the President of Namibia, what type of aid would you request Use
in each of the following situations? Suggest reasons for your choices.

A drought

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

A pandemic such as HIV/AIDS

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Construction of a new railway from Grootfontein to Katima Mulilo

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [6]

6136/2/23
 15
For
Examiner’s
(d) Study Fig. 6, which shows Africa’s Debt Risk Map 2020. Use

Tunisia
Morocco
Tropic of Cancer

Libya Egypt
Algeria
Western Sahara

Mauritania Mali Sudan

Niger Chad Eritrea

Senegal
Gambia
Burkina
Guinea Bissau Faso Djibouti
Guinea

Benin
Nigeria
South Sudan

Togo
Ghana
Sierra Leone Ivory Central Ethiopia
Coast African
Liberia
Republic
Cameroon
ia
al
m
So
Equator Equatorial Guinea
Uganda Kenya
Gabon Congo a
Rwand
Democratic Burundi
Republic of
Congo
Very high risk Tanzania

High risk

wi
Moderate risk

Mala
Angola
Zambia

e
Low risk

qu

car
bi
am

agas
Zimbabwe

oz
M
Namibia

Mad
Botswana
Tropic of Capricorn
Eswatini

Lesotho
South Africa

Fig. 6
(i) Using Fig. 6, identify one of the Southern African Development
Community (SADC) countries which are at low risk of debts.

............................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Using Fig. 6, describe the distribution of high risk countries.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................... [3]

[35]

6136/2/23
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© MoEAC/DNEA 6136/1/23