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    4.+Atomic+Structure+ +Electronic+Configuration

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    4.+Atomic+Structure+ +Electronic+Configuration

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    4.+Atomic+Structure+ +Electronic+Configuration

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 23

    IFYF009 -

    Chemistry
    Ashleigh Moore
    Atomic
    Structure
    Electrons
    Learning Describe how electrons are arranged
    Outcomes in atoms
    Electronic
    Configuration
     Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in shells
    Electronic or energy levels

    Configuration  The arrangement of electrons in an atom is known as


    electronic configuration or electronic structure
     The energy levels are quantised (i.e., they
    can only take certain values)
     This is known as the "Planetary Model"

    Electronic  The energy of these orbits increases as


    you move further from the nucleus
    Configuration  The energy levels are labelled with
    quantum number "n", starting with n=1 for
    the lowest energy level
    Suggested by Niels Bohr

    They are given the symbol 'n'


    Principal
    Quantum
    Numbers n=1 refers to the first electron
    shell

    n=2 refers to the second


    electron shell
     Each shell contains a number of subshells

    Shell Subshells
    1 1s
    Subshells 2 2s, 2p
    3 3s, 3p, 3d
    4 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f

     S (lowest energy) < p < d (highest energy)


     An atomic orbital is a region of
    space around the nucleus of
    Orbitals an atom where an electron is
    likely to be found
    Electronic
    Configurations
    Electronic
    Configurations
     The Aufbau Principle means that the
    electrons fill up the orbitals with
    increasing energy
    Filling the Orbitals
    Filling
    Orbitals
    Writing
    Full
    Electronic
    Configurations
    Boxes and Arrows
    Write out the electronic
    configuration in full, starting at 1s2

    Example: Magnesium has 12


    Full electrons: 1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2

    Example: Chlorine has 17


    2 2 6 2
    electrons: 1s .2s .2p .3s .3p5
     Write the full electronic configuration for:

     Nitrogen
    Practice  Sulfur
     Potassium
     Iron
     Nickel
    •Nitrogen (7) 1s22s22p3
    •Sulfur (16) 1s22s22p63s23p4
    •Potassium (19) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
    Answers •Iron (26) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
    •Nickel (28) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8
     The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that two electrons in the same
    orbital must have different spins

    Boxes and
    Arrows
     When you add a second electron to the 1s orbital it has an
    opposite spin to the first electron
     Hund's Rule states that when
    electrons are placed in a set of
    orbitals with equal energy
    they "spread out" to maximise
    the number of unpaired
    BUT... electrons

     So when we fill p orbitals it


    looks like this:
     Draw the box and arrows configuration for Lithium

     Li has 3 electrons
    Examples
     Draw the box and arrows configuration for nitrogen

     Nitrogen has 7 electrons


    Transition metals behave differently

    • Half filled or fully filled orbitals bring stability


    • So chromium and copper donate one 4s electron to
    Exceptions to their 3d shell:
    the Rule Cu has 29 electrons:
    1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d10.4s1

    Cr has 24 electrons:
    1s2.2s2.2p6.3s2.3p6.3d5.4s1
     Turn to page 10 of your ‘Foundation Chemistry Semester 1 Notes
    Now over to you 2020-2021 and complete the page that looks like this:
    Learning Describe how electrons are arranged
    Outcomes in atoms

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