Web!

WORLD WIDE WEB
(WWW)
THE WEB
The World Wide Web (WWW or Web) is often confused with the Internet, but the concept of the
Web was created when the Internet was already well established. Introduced by Sir Tim
Berners-Lee in 1989 while working at CERN (The European Organization for Nuclear Research)
in Geneva, Switzerland, the Web is a large transformable-information construct. It is a service,
an application of the Internet. The Web is based on the Internet infrastructure and provides a
hypertext-hypermedia interface to information resources on the Internet. Technically, the Web is
a set of technologies that allow information on the Internet to be linked together through the
use of links, or connections, in documents. The language used to write these documents with
links is HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). Let us first understand the notion of hypertext, a
term that was first introduced by Ted Nelson. The standard way to read a book is in a linear
fashion, starting from page one. The concept of hypertext allows a person to read or explore in a
nonlinear fashion, as it contains “links” to other text. By following the links, the reader is not
constrained to follow any particular order. Moreover, hypertext may contain links that do not
necessarily lead to other text, but instead to audio or video files.
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THE WORKING WEB
The first version of the Web was all about building a “web of nodes” storing “hypertext pages”
viewed by “browsers” on a network. HTTP and HTML were the primary mechanisms used to make
the Web work. HTTP is the simple way by which one com(the client) asks another system (a server)
for web pages. HTML is the way those pages are written so any computer can understand them and
display the pages correctly with the help of a web browser. And the URL provides a uniform notation
scheme for addressing accessible resources (web pages) over the network, as it provides the
“address” of a web page. More formally:
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): This is an application-layer protocol used to exchange
information between a browser and a server.
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): This is the language used by the browser to display the text
and graphics on a web page.
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator): This is the “address” of a web page. When you click on a link in a
web page, you are taken to a new location. The link contains the URL for your destination and
follows a very specific syntax used in naming the destination
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WEB TERMINOLOGIES
INTERNET :
Internet is popularly known as network of networks.
Internet helps any computer system/mobile to connect with any other computer system globally using TCP/IP
protocol. TCP/IP protocol is also known as Internet protocol.
Internet identifies each system in the network through a unique address known as IP address. Each computer
system has a unique IP to distinguish from other computer on the network just like voter id of human beings.
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER:

Internet Service Provider is full form of ISP.
ISP is company or organization that provides access to internet services to an individual or family or company or
organization using dial-up or other means of data telecommunications.
ISP provide you an Internet account for a monthly or yearly fee, using which you can manage your account.
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It also provides other services such as website hosting and building.
WEBPAGE AND WEBSITE:
There are number of html documents present on World Wide Web. These html documents
contain lot of information which can be accessed using URL via web browser.
These html documents are referred to as Web Pages.
A web page may consist of texts, images, audio, video, graphics, hyperlinks, etc.
Web pages are placed on the server.
Collection of interlinked web pages with related information is referred to as website.
WEB BROWSER AND WEB SERVER:
A web browser helps us send request to the server.
A web browser also helps receive response as HTML document from the server, converts them to a
form that user can read and finally displays them on computer screen.
Popular web browsers used around the globe are Internet Explorer, Google, Firefox, Yahoo, Bing,
Safari, UC Browser, etc.
A web server receives the request from the user with help of a browser and then it process the
request, prepares the necessary response and sends it back to the browser.
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DOMAIN NAME:
Domain name iis the way to identify and locate computers connected to the internet.
Two websites cannot have same domain name along with top level domain.
IP ADDRESS:
Full form of IP is Internet Protocol.
IP Address is a unique logical address provided to each computer system on the internet network.
To communicate, send files, send emails, share informations, etc with other systems it is necessary to
know where that computer is. IP address helps identify the different systems uniquely.
IP address is an identifier for a particular computer on a particular network.
There are two types of IP address:
IPv4 Example: 190.167.48.160.
IPv6 Example: is 2003:0eb8:75b3:0000:0000:8c2d:0371:7434.
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FIREWALL:
Firewall is a kind of security device for computers accessing informations via internet.
Firewall protects the computer and network by restricting the access of outsiders or intruders. It also sets up
the criteria that must be met before access to the network or system is allowed to anyone.
Firewall is hardware or software or both that helps protect your system connected on the network from
untrusted sites that may contain viruses or other malwares.
CACHE:
Cache stores data of the recently or frequently visited websites.
Cache helps to speed up the serving of the web pages faster as the stored data is not required to be fetched
from server again which is time consuming task.
Browser cache is used for purposes to store data of the frequently visited websites.
FTP:
FTP is an abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol.
FTP is a network protocol used to transfer data from one computer to another through a network.
FTP helps in exchanging and manipulating files over any7 TCP-based computer network. A FTP client may
connect to a FTP server to manipulate files on that server.
HTTP:
HTTP is an abbreviation for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
HTTP is a request / response standard between a client and a server
HTTP is a communication protocol that helps in transfer of information on the internet and the WWW or World
Wide Web. Original purpose of HTTP was to provide a protocol to publish and retrieve hypertext pages over the
internet.
HTML:
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
HTML was the first language to be used to design the web pages. Those web pages were static in nature.
HTML designed web page can contain texts, images, audio, videos, etc.
HTML along with CSS can be used to design attractive websites. You can view HTML as a plain design on a
white paper whereas CSS is a paint that can fill up the design with beautiful colors.
URL:
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.
It is also known as URI or Uniform Resource Identifier. 8

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