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GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
1ST Periodical Examination
SY 2024-2025

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the BEST answer. Write the LETTER of
your choice on a separate sheet of paper or provided answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is NOT a main component of cell theory?

A. Cells are the basic unit of life. C. All living things are made of cells.
B. Cells must contain DNA. D. Cells can only come from other cells.
2. In 1838, Matthias Schleiden stated that all plants are composed of cells. A year after,
Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals are composed of cells. Jointly, what assumption
did Schleiden and Schwann come up with?
A. All living things are made of cells. C. Cells can only come from other cells.
B. Cells must contain DNA. D. Cells are the basic unit of life.
3. A biologist observed dividing cells while he was at work. What conclusion will arise from his
observation?
A. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
B. All living things are composed of one or more cells.
C. All living cells come from preexisting living cells.
D. All living things are made of cells.
4. The diagram shows a plant cell as seen under a microscope.
Two of the labels are incorrect. What are they?
A. Vacuole and chloroplast
B. Vacuole and cytoplasm
C. Cell wall and cell membrane
D. Nucleus and chloroplast

5. Which of the following describes a nucleus?

I. It is the control center of the cell
II. It houses DNA
III. It directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins.
IV. It produces ATP.

A. all describes a nucleus C. I and II only

B. I, II & III only D. I, II and IV only
6. Mitochondria are often called the “powerhouse” of the cell because they are responsible for
making adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The very high concentration of mitochondria is most
likely located in what part of the body?
A. muscles C. lungs
B. liver D. heart
7. What four common components do all cells share?
A. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes
B. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles and ribosomes
C. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, lysosomes, cell wall
D. Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and nucleus
8. Which organelle is absent in plant cells?
A. Centriole C. Microtubule
B. Golgi vesicles D. Mitochondrion
9. Which of the following statements about cell is/are incorrect?
I. All living organisms are made up of cells
II. Cells were first identified in the early 1400.
III. Cells are considered the building blocks of life.
IV. The invention of hand lens helped the scientists’ discovered cells.

A. all are incorrect C. II and IV only

B. II, III, and IV only D. I, II and IV only
10. When you look at an unknown cell under the microscope, you noticed the presence of a cell
wall and membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following types of cells is referred to?
A. Animal cell C. Plant cell
B. Bacterial cell D. virus
11. Examine the characteristics of a cell organelle below:
I. It prepare proteins for secretion after they are released from the endoplasmic
reticulum.
II. Its function is commonly likened to that of a post office because proteins are modified,
sorted, and packaged here.
III. It has a membrane-bounded organelle with the characteristic shape of a series of
stacked flat cisternae.
Which of the following organelles is being described?
A. Endoplasmic Reticulum C. Mitochondria
B. Golgi apparatus D. Ribosomes
12. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know that
it
is a prokaryote?
A. The cell lacks cytoplasm. C. The cell lacks a nucleus.
B. The cell lacks a cell membrane. D. The cell lacks genetic material.

13. Which organelle is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?
A. Cell membrane C. Mitochondria
B. Chromosomes D. Ribosomes
14. Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells and have many cell organelles in common.
However, the cells do have a few differences. Which statement below is true?
A. Plant and animal cells do not both have a cell membrane.
B. Plant cells have a rigid outer cell membrane while the membrane of animal cells is thin
and
permeable.
C. Animal cells only have a cell membrane while a plant cell only has a cell wall.
D. Animal cells have a cell membrane and plant cells have a cell membrane and an outer
cell
wall.
15. A person met with an accident in which two long bones of hand were dislocated.
Which among the following may be the possible reason?
A. Tendon break C. Ligament break
B. Break of skeletal muscle D. Areolar tissue break
16. Fibrous connective tissue is mainly tough protein fibers called collagen and cells called
fibroblasts. Which most likely the function of the fibrous connective tissue?
A. Acts as coverings controlling the movement of materials across the surface.
B. Holds bones, muscles, and organs in place.
C. Allows the body to move.
D. Propagate information.
17. Which refers to cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete
organism. Hence, it an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin,
that together carry out a specific function?
A. Eukaryotic cell B. Organ C. Tissue D. Organ system
18. What is the function of phloem tissue?
 A. transports water and minerals salt
B. control the opening and closing of stoma
C. conduction of food and other organic substances
D. provide support for young plant

19. Multicellular, complex animals have four primary types of tissues. Which of the following
enumerates the types of animal tissues?
A. Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous
B. Connective Proper, Cartilage, Bone, blood
C. Apical, Parenchyma, Collenchyma, sclerenchyma
D. Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Ciliated
20. Which statement best supports why transplanted tissues are sometimes or
often rejected by the body of the recipient?
A. The cells of a multicellular organism communicate to one another via signaling
molecules called chemical messengers.
B. Each cell in an individual has its own identity because of the carbohydrate
chains
present in the cell membrane.
C. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing certain substances into the
cell
and others to be kept out.
D. The movement of molecules inside and outside the cell depends on their
concentration
gradient.
21. One of the types of epitheliums has the following properties.
It is derived from the mesoderm
It is found in the linings of the tubules in the kidneys and the gonads.
Which of the following types of epitheliums is this?
A. Stratified squamous epithelium C. Columnar epithelium
B. Cuboidal epithelium D. Simple squamous epithelium
22. For most of the animals, alveoli in the Lungs are the site for gas exchange. Whereas for
most plants, which tissue/s is/are used for gaseous exchange?
A. veins & stomata C. veins & lenticels
B. stomata & lenticels D. stomata only
23. Which of the following specialized tissues is used for movements or locomotion?
A. Cilia B. Flagella C. Centriole D. Lenticels
24. Which statement best describes how microvilli enhance absorption and secretion in
animal cells?
A. Chewing and amylase digestion will convert the food into a small, round blob, or
bolus.
B. Increase the cell’s surface area and thus facilitate the absorption of ingested food
and water molecules.
C. Water and solutes pass through pores in the surface epithelium of the mucosa by
active transport and solvent drag.
D. Food travels slowly through the colon to allow the body to absorb water, and trillions
of trusted sources of gut bacteria break down any undigested food.
25. The cell cycle is usually divided into four main phases. The first three phases are often
referred to as the interphase, and they prepare the cell for the fourth phase which is
mitosis. How would you characterize the G1 phase in the cell cycle?
A. The cell continues to grow and synthesize proteins and organelles necessary for the
last
phase.
B. The sister chromatids are separated, and form two identical nuclei pulled to opposite
sides of the cell.
C. The cell grows and increases the production of mRNA, protein, and cell organelles to
prepare for later stages.
 D. The mRNA and protein production is lowered, and the cell focuses on replicating all
of
its DNA, creating one copy of each chromosome
26. There are three checkpoints (G1, G2 & M) in the cell cycle which are very crucial to the life
of
an organism. Which of the following only happens during the M checkpoint?
A. It tries to fix what fails or enters the G phase and wait for more favorable conditions.
B. The cell examines whether all sister chromatids are correctly attached to the spindle
microtubules that separate them.
C. After the second growth phase, the cell checks that the DNA was completely and
correctly replicated during the S phase.
D. The cell verifies that it is large enough to divide, that its DNA is intact, and if there is
enough access to nutrients and stimulating growth factors.
27. After the second growth phase, the cell checks if the DNA is replicated correctly at the
S phase. If it passes, it enters the M phase, but if it fails, it tries to correct the errors. If the cell
is unable to repair the DNA, it undergoes apoptosis. This process prevents it from passing the
damaged DNA into the daughter cells. What checkpoint is referred to by the passage?
A. Cell proliferation B. G1 C. G2 D. M
28. Which of the following statements is/are true about mitosis and meiosis?
I. A normal human zygote consists of 46 chromosomes
II. Meiosis only occurs in the reproductive organs such as ovaries and testes
III. Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
A. I only C. I, II and III
B. I and II only D. I and III only
29. Which of the following statements best describes the cell cycle?
A. Cells grow and develop during interphase. Cells reproduce during the mitotic phase.
B. Cells grow and develop during meiosis phase. Cells reproduce during the mitotic
phase.
C. The nucleus of a cell divides during interphase. The cytoplasm of a cell divides
during
the mitotic phase.
D. The nucleus of a cell divides during the mitotic phase. The cytoplasm of a cell divides
Interphase
30. What is the significance of meiosis?
A. It provides new cells for growth.
B. It helps in repairing damaged or worn-out tissues.
C. Many single-celled organisms rely on meiosis as their primary means of asexual
reproduction.
D. Used for just one function in the human body: the production of gametes—sex cells,
or
sperm and eggs.
31. Which of the following is NOT a role of mitosis in organisms?
A. It allows organism to grow
B. It allows organism to reproduce asexually
C. It allows organism to repair tissues
D. It allows organism to generate genetic diversity
32. Mitosis occurs in major phases after interphase: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase. Which of the following describes metaphase in an animal somatic cell?
A. Nucleolus is reappearing.
B. The chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial plane of the cell.
C. Slight cleavage furrow on the cell membrane begins to form in the region of the
equator.
D. The two sets of new, single-stranded chromosomes start to go near their respective
poles.
33. Meiosis is the type of cell division when a reduction of chromosomes to haploid
number (N) during oogenesis and spermatogenesis happens. Which of the following is NOT
part of the meiotic process?
A. Crossing over of the DNA occurs.
B. DNA has already formed two twin strands.
C. New nuclear membranes are forming in each new cell.
D. The chromosomes then line up, separate, and are pulled to the opposite ends.
34. Why is meiosis important to living organisms?
A. It provides new cells for growth.
B. It helps in repairing damaged or worn-out tissues.
C. Many single-celled organisms rely on meiosis as their primary means of asexual
reproduction.
D. Used for just one function in the human body: the production of gametes—sex cells,
or
sperm and eggs.

35. During fertilization, any defective sperm or

egg and its fusion with a partner’s sex cell
can produce an embryo having an extra
chromosome. Figure below shows a karyotype of
an individual with trisomy in chromosome number 21.
What genetic disorder will most likely
happen to the person?
A. Turner syndrome
C. Klinefelter syndrome
B. Patau’s syndrome
D. Down syndrome

36. The karyotype shows an individual with Edward's Syndrome. What is the name of the
specific disorder?

A. Monosomy C. Trisomy
B. Deletion D. Translocation

37. A male child was diagnosed with neurological disorder that causes repeated tics. Tics are
sudden, uncontrolled vocal sounds or muscle jerks. It typically happens to children between
ages 2 and 15. What is the disorder of the child?
A. Turner syndrome C. Edward syndrome
B. Down Syndrome D. Tourette syndrome
38. The phospholipids are those with attached
carbohydrate chains called glycolipids, while
proteins with carbohydrate chains are called
glycoproteins. In Figure at the side, which is
considered glycolipid?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

39. Which is NOT TRUE about the cell membrane?

A. It controls what enters and leaves the cell
B. It is semipermeable
C. It has phospholipid bilayer
D. It contains digestive enzymes
40. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the cell membrane?
I. It is the job of the cell membrane to control how, when, and how much
materials
can enter and leave the cell.
II. It is said to be semipermeable because it tends to regulate only certain
substances that go into and out of the cell.
III. Its selective property allows essential molecules to enter, metabolic
intermediates to remain, and waste products to exit.
IV. It is composed of a hydrophobic region tail (water loving) that face in and a
hydrophilic region of head (water fearing) that face out.
A. I, III, & IV only C. I, II, III only
B. II, III, & IV only D. all of them are true
41. The following are true about the transport of substances in the cell. Which is an exception?
A. Ions, sugars, and amino acids cross the cell membrane by active transport.
B. Osmotic pressure refers to the force that moves water molecules through a semi-
permeable membrane.
C. Passive transport requires the cell’s energy as the transport of proteins move materials
across the cell membrane.
D. The wider the surface area of a cell, the faster the rate of diffusion of nutrients to the
different parts of the cell.
42. What happens if samples of human red blood cells get immersed in a hypertonic solution?
It will undergo __. .
A. crenation B. lysis C. plasmolysis D. turgor pressure
43. Because of the small size of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules, these gases can
easily pass through the cell membranes of the cells lining the RBCs and the alveoli of the
lungs. What kind of cell transport is referred to by the situation?
A. crenation B. diffusion C. lysis D. osmosis
44. What process happens when large particles, such as cells or relatively large particles, are
engulfed or taken in by a cell?
A. Exocytosis B. Phagocytosis C. Endocytosis D. Pinocytosis
45. During hot sunny days, the evaporation rate of water from plant cells is rapid,
causing them to wilt. In plant cells, it is a phenomenon which maintains the firm and
erect position of the plant, especially the herbaceous and non-woody plants. What is this
phenomenon called?
A. diffusion B. plasmolysis C. osmotic pressure D. turgidity
46. Proteins are essential biological molecules for human bones, muscle development,
metabolism, and an improved immune system. They are best from milk, egg, meat, and
legumes. How do these molecules pass through the cell? Proteins are transported via:
A. diffusion C. bulk or vesicular transport
B. osmosis D. passive-mediated transport
47. A single-celled saltwater organism placed in freshwater will not be able to survive. Which
of the following best explains the said situation? The organism’s cell will .
A. release too much water through facilitated diffusion.
B. release too many hydrogen ions through diffusion.
C. absorb too many sodium ions through osmosis.
D. absorb too much water through osmosis.
48 Figure at the side depicts that cells sometimes need to uptake
extracellular fluids and dissolved solutes, such as fat droplets,
vitamins, and antigens. What type of endocytosis is shown in the
illustration?
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Phagocytosis
C. Pinocytosis
D. Receptor-mediated
49. Figure at the side illustrates cells excreting waste and
other large molecules from the cytoplasm. Choose which
process is in the illustration.
A. Endocytosis
B. Exocytosis
C. Pinocytosis
D. Plasmolysis

50. A teenager who is quite overweight has not been feeling well for the past few days. He felt
dizzy, breathed heavily, and got tired. When he had a medical check-up, it was
hypercholesterolemia. Based on the given situation, what type of endocytosis is his case most
probably related to?
A. facilitated B. phagocytosis C. pinocytosis D. receptor-mediated endocytosis

Prepared by:
Prepared by:

JEFFREY L. SOLIMAN
Teacher II

Checked by:

RYAN JOIE L. AGUIRRE

Teacher III/Science Coordinator

CATHERINE OANDASAN
Master Teacher In Charge

ELEANOR MABASSA
Teacher II/Level Coordinator

_________________________
Language Validator

Noted by:

LORNA C MENDOZA, PhD

Principal II