Michael Levitt (biophysicist)

Michael Levitt, FRS[13] (Hebrew: ‫ ;מיכאל לויט‬born 9

May 1947) is a South African-born biophysicist and a Michael Levitt
FRS
professor of structural biology at Stanford University, a
position he has held since 1987.[14][15] Levitt received
the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry,[16] together with
Martin Karplus and Arieh Warshel, for "the
development of multiscale models for complex
chemical systems".[17][18][19][20] In 2018, Levitt was a
founding co-editor of the Annual Review of Biomedical
Data Science.[21]

Early life and education

Michael Levitt was born in Pretoria, South Africa, to a Levitt during the Royal Swedish Academy of
Jewish family from Plungė, Lithuania; his father was Sciences press conference in Stockholm in
from Lithuania and his mother from the Czech December 2013
Republic.[22] He attended Sunnyside Primary School Born 9 May 1947[11]
and then Pretoria Boys High School between 1960 and Pretoria, South Africa
1962. The family moved to England when he was Citizenship American[12]
15.[23] Levitt spent 1963 studying applied mathematics
British[12]
at the University of Pretoria.[24] He attended King's
Israeli[12]
College London, graduating with a first-class honours
degree in physics in 1967.[25][11][26] South African[12]
Education Pretoria Boys High School
In 1967, he visited Israel for the first time. Together
Alma mater King's College London (BScs)
with his Israeli wife, Rina,[27] a multimedia artist, he
University of Cambridge (PhD)
left to study at Cambridge, where their three children
were born. Levitt was a PhD student in Computational Spouse Shoshan Brosh
biology at Peterhouse, Cambridge, and was based at Awards EMBO Membership (1983)[1]
the Laboratory of Molecular Biology from 1968 to Member of the National
1972, where he developed a computer program for Academy of Sciences (2002)
studying the conformations of molecules that
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2013)
underpinned much of his later work.[5][28]
DeLano Award (2014)
ISCB Fellow (2015)[2]
Career and research Scientific career
Fields Computational Structural
In 1979, he returned to Israel and conducted research
Biology[3]
at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot,
becoming an Israeli citizen in 1980. He served in the Structure Determination
Israel Defense Forces for six weeks in 1985. In 1986, Simulation of Mesoscale
he began teaching at Stanford University, and since Molecular dynamics[4]
then has split his time between Israel and Institutions Stanford University
California.[23] He went on to gain a research
Weizmann Institute of Science
fellowship at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
From 1980 to 1987, he was Professor of Chemical University of Cambridge
Physics at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot.
Thesis Conformation analysis of
Thereafter, he served as Professor of Structural
proteins (https://www.repository.
biology, at Stanford University, California.
cam.ac.uk/items/30599cdd-0d0c
Royal Society Exchange Fellow, Weizmann -43cd-9086-af4d24ccf68
Institute, Israel, 1967–68[29] c) (1972)
Staff Scientist, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Doctoral Robert Diamond[5][6]
Biology, Cambridge, 1973–80 advisor
Professor of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Notable (postdocs)
Institute, 1980–87 (dept. chair 1980–83)
students Steven Brenner
Professor of Structural Biology, Stanford
University, 1987–present Cyrus Chothia
Levitt was one of the first researchers to conduct Valerie Daggett[7]
molecular dynamics simulations of DNA and proteins Mark Gerstein[8]
and developed the first software for this Julian Gough[9]
purpose. [30][31][32][33] He is currently well known for
Ram Samudrala[10]
developing approaches to predict macromolecular
structures, having participated in many Critical Website med.stanford.edu/profiles
Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure /Michael_Levitt (http://med.stanf
Prediction (CASP) competitions,[34] where he ord.edu/profiles/Michael_Levitt)
criticised molecular dynamics for inability to refine
protein structures.[35] He has also worked on simplified representations of protein structure for analysing
folding and packing,[36][37][38] as well as developing scoring systems for large-scale sequence-structure
comparisons.[39][40] He has mentored many successful scientists, including Mark Gerstein and Ram
Samudrala.[4][41] Cyrus Chothia was one of his colleagues.

Industrial collaboration
Levitt has served on the Scientific Advisory Boards of the following companies: Dupont Merck
Pharmaceuticals, AMGEN, Protein Design Labs, Affymetrix, Molecular Applications Group, 3D
Pharmaceuticals, Algodign, Oplon Ltd, Cocrystal Discovery, InterX, and StemRad, Ltd,.

COVID-19
Levitt has been outspoken during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and made a number of wrong
predictions on the disease's spread based on his own modelling.[42][43][44] On March 18, 2020, he
predicted that Israel would see less than ten deaths from COVID-19, and on July 25, 2020, he incorrectly
predicted that the outbreak in the U.S. would be over by the end of August 2020 with a total of fewer than
170,000 deaths.[45][42][46] As of November 2021, the U.S. was recording COVID-19 deaths at the rate of
about 1,000 per day,[47] while Israel has reported over 8,000 COVID-19 deaths since the start of the
pandemic.[48]

Levitt has also raised concerns about potential damaging effects of COVID-19 lockdown orders on
economic activity as well in increasing suicide and abuse rates,[43] and has signed the Great Barrington
Declaration,[49] a statement supported by a group of academics advocating for alternatives to lockdowns
which has been criticized by the WHO and other public health organizations as dangerous and lacking in
sound scientific basis.[50][51]

Critics have expressed concern regarding Levitt's incorrect or potentially misleading predictions as well
as his anti-lockdown positions, in part due to his status as a Nobel laureate and his large following on
Twitter.[42][52] Maia Majumder, a computational epidemiologist at Harvard Medical School, stated that
"Michael Levitt has a huge, huge following, so this creates lots of problems when he’s tweeting
something that may be misinformative."[42] Randy Schekman, a 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine winner, wrote of Levitt's expressed positions that "in this instance, I believe he crossed a
boundary from data to public policy where the impact of his word as a Nobel laureate has undue
influence."[42]

Awards and honors

Levitt was elected an EMBO Member in 1983,[1] a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2001,[13] and a
member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2002,[53] and received the 2013 Nobel Prize in
Chemistry, together with Martin Karplus and Arieh Warshel, "for the development of multiscale models
for complex chemical systems".[54] He received the DeLano Award for Computational Biosciences in
2014.[55] He was elected an ISCB Fellow by the International Society for Computational Biology in
2015.[2][56]

Personal life
Levitt holds South African, American, British and Israeli citizenship.

His wife Rina died on 23 January 2017.

He is the sixth Israeli to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in under a decade.[57][58]

See also
List of Jewish Nobel laureates
List of Israeli Nobel laureates

References
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This article incorporates text (https://royalsociety.org/people/michael-levitt-11810/)
available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

External links
Michael Levitt (https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/890) on Nobelprize.org

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