Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 1B and Science (Double
Award) (4SD0) Paper 1B
Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We
provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific
programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at
www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the
details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone
progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of
people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years,
and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation
for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through innovation in
education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at:
www.pearson.com/uk

Summer 2021
Question Paper Log Number 66428
Publications Code 4BI1_1B_2106_msc
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(a) 4
Value Apparatus

magnification of a red blood cell microscope

heat produced by germinating thermometer /

seeds temperature probe /
data logger/eq (1)
surface area to volume ratio of a ruler /eq (1)
potato chip

breathing rate of a human clock / watch / timer /

spirometer /eq (1)

volume of gas produced by yeast syringe / measuring

in anaerobic respiration cylinder / respirometer/
eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
1(b) 2
• width of cell = 5.3 cm
5.0 –
• width of cell = in 53 000 µm ÷ 8 = 6625 5.4 cm

allow
full
6250 to 6750 marks
for
answer
alone

allow 1
mark for
dividing
by 8

Total 6 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
2(a) (i) 1
The only correct answer is D

A is not correct as it does not bring oxygenated blood to heart

B is not correct as it does not bring oxygenated blood to heart

C is not correct as it does not bring oxygenated blood to heart

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a) (ii) 1
The only correct answer is C

A is not correct as it does not contain blood with the highest

pressure

B is not correct as it does not contain blood with the highest

pressure

D is not correct as it does not contain blood with the highest

pressure

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b) (i) 1

allow
other
forms of
indication
of
location

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b)(ii) 2
A description that makes reference to the
following points:
back into
• prevent backflow of blood /one way flow heart =mp1
/eq (1)

• (from arteries) into ventricle/ ventricles

(1)
Question Answer Mark
Number
2(c)(i) 2
An explanation that makes reference to the following points:

• so that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood do not

mix / as left hand side now contains oxygenated blood
from lungs / eq (1)

• so that oxygenated blood can be pumped around body

/ so deoxygenated blood does not go round body / so
oxygenated blood does not go to lungs / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(c)(ii) 3
An explanation that makes reference to three of the following
points:

• may appear blue / lack colour / not survive / shortness

of breath/ eq (1)

• as less oxygen (transported from heart to body) /

deoxygenated blood goes to body / eq (1)

• less (aerobic) respiration (1)

• less energy / less ATP/ eq (1)

Total = 10 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
3(a) A description that makes reference to four of the following 4
points:

• boil leaf in water / eq (1)

• boil in ethanol (to remove chlorophyll) (1)

• hot water bath / kettle / turn off Bunsen / eq (1)

• soak in water (to rehydrate / allow diffusion) (1)

• add iodine solution (1)

• blue black / eq (leaf uncovered) starch present /

yellow / eq no starch (leaf covered) (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
3(b)(i) An answer that makes reference to four of the 4
following points:

• increasing carbon dioxide increases rate /eq

(1)

• CO2 required / substrate (for photosynthesis)/ correct ref

eq (1) to CO2
limiting
• greater higher (in rate) at high light factor
intensity / eq (1)
allow
• light required / provides energy for converse
photosynthesis/ eq (1)
light
limiting/ eq
• increase is same from 0.00 to 0.02 / first two factor
readings / eq ( in both light intensities) (1)

• levelling at (high light intensity) due to

temperature / number of chloroplasts /
amount of chlorophyll/ eq (1)

ref to
temperature
limiting
factor
Question Answer Mark
Number
3(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to one of the following 1
points:

• use more bulbs / change bulb / wattage / use dimmer

/ filters / eq (1)

• change distance (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(b)(iii) 1
• (number of) bubbles (per minute) / rate of
photosynthesis / rate of oxygen production / eq

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(b)(iv) 1
• same type / species / mass / number of leaves / Grad
length / size same piece of plant / eq

Total = 11 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
4(a)(i) 1
The only correct answer is C chitin glycogen

A is not correct as it is not cellulose and glycogen

B is not correct as it is not cellulose and starch

D is not correct as it is not chitin and starch

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(a)(ii) 1
The only correct answer is B fungus

A is not correct as it is not a bacterium

C is not correct as it is not a plant

D is not correct as it is not a protoctist

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(b)(i) 1
Only correct answer is B glucose ethanol +
carbon dioxide

A is not correct as it is not the correct equation

C is not correct as it is not the correct equation

D is not correct as it is not the correct equation

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
4(b)(ii) allow 1
• restriction / endonuclease / ligase (1) correctly
named
endonuclease

Question Answer Mark

Number
4(b)(iii) • contains new DNA / new gene / foreign DNA / foreign 1
gene / altered genes / DNA from other organism/ DNA
from other species / gene from other organism / gene
form other species / contains gene for digesting cell walls
/ contains gene for digesting cellulose / gene for cellulase
/ eq /
Question Answer Mark
Number
4(b)(iv) An answer that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

• less burning of fossil fuels / eq (1) allow

named
• less carbon dioxide in air / carbon neutral / fossil
plants use CO2 (in photosynthesis) / eq (1) fuel

• less trapping of heat / less greenhouse effect /

eq (1)

• uses renewable resource (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
4(c)(i) 2
• 2.2 – 1.25 = award full marks for correct
numerical answer without
• 0.95 ÷ 1.25 = 0.76 working

• × 100 = 76% (2) allow 2.2 -1.3 =0.9

0.9÷1.3 = 0.69
×100 = 69%

allow 2.2 – 1.2 =1

1÷ 1.2= 0.8
0.8×100 = 80%

allow 1 mark for dividing by

mass of normal yeast / 1.2 to
1.3

percentage between 69 and

80 (2)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
4(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the 2
following points:
allow one
• running out of glucose / food / eq (1) mark for
oxygen
• (build-up of) ethanol (1) becomes
available
• yeast cells die (1)
ethanol
kills the
yeast =
mp2 and
mp3

Total 11 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
5(a) An answer that makes reference to three of the 3
following points:

• quadrat (1)
use
• repeat (1) quadrats
scores
• random / using coordinates / eq (1) mp1 and
mp 2
• count / how many / amount / number /eq
(1)

• divide total /eq (count) by (area / number of)

quadrats /eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
5(b) An answer that makes reference to five of the 5
following points:
allow converse
• BC numbers decline slower / CC numbers
lower at start / February / eq (1)

• CC numbers lower in some / April/ June /

August / stated months /eq (1)

• BC numbers are (overall) lower / eq (1)

• BC stays low / less variable / CC go up

and down / eq (1)

• BC no need to reapply / insects

reproduce / eq (1)

• BC less risk of pollution / eq (1)

• BC less risk of resistance /eq (1)

• BC is specific / not affect (other) food

chains /eq (1)

• BC no bioaccumulation / eq (1) allow

biomagnification
• BC could become pest /eq(1)
Total = 8 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
6(a) The only correct answer is C the organisms of all species in a 1
habitat

A is not correct as is not a community

B is not correct as is not a community

D is not correct as is not a community

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
6(b)(i) 3
• 1.5 × 104 = 15 000 award full marks for
correct numerical answer
• 2.5 ÷ 15 000 = without working

• 1.7 × 10-4 (3) 1 mark for 2.5 ÷15000 or

2.5 ÷ 1.5 × 104

2 marks for

0.00017

2 marks for 17 x 10 -5

allow 1.67 x 10-4 =3

allow 1.66 recurring x 10-4

=3

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
6(b)(ii) 2
• correct order / names (1) ignore
shape
• correct pyramid / shape / eq (1)
ignore
names
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
6(c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the 2
following points:
cellulose
• undigested / not absorbed / waste / faeces / not
not assimilated / eq (1) digested
=2
• contains energy / cellulose (1) marks

energy
trapped
in faeces
=2
marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

• respiration / heat loss (1)

• movement / eq (1)
• uneaten / die / not consumed /eq (1)
• excretion (1)

Total 10 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
7(a) • 3
Individual Genotype
P Dd (1)
Q Dd (1)
R Dd
S dd (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(b) 1
1/8 / 0.125 / 12.5%

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(c) An answer that makes reference to four of the following 4
points:

• greater increase in testosterone in R / smaller

increase in S /eq (1)

• R male / S female / eq (1)

• greater increase in oestrogen in S / less increase in R

/ eq (1)

• more muscle / deeper voice / beard in R/ eq (1)

• wider hips / breasts / in S (1)

• body hair / growth spurt / eq (1)

• gamete / sperm / egg production / start to menstruate

(1)

• secondary sexual characteristics (1)

Total 8 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance

8(a) allow 6
converse
for mp
1,3,4, 5,
9 and 10

• Fat more in cow’s / eq (1) allow ‘too

much’

• Fat could lead to obesity / too many kJ

calories / eq (1)

• Protein more in in cow’s / eq (1) allow ‘too

much’
• Minerals more in cow’s / eq (1)
allow ‘too
much’

• Carbohydrate less in cow’s / eq (1)

allow ‘too
little in
cows ‘
• (too little carbohydrate in cow’s) so not
enough (quick) energy (1)

• Vitamins similar / same (1)

• Water the similar / same (1)

• Antibodies no (human antibodies ) in

cow’s (1)

• Antibiotics in cow’s (1)

Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
8(b) An answer that makes reference to two of the 2
following points:

• (exposure to) sun(light) (1)

• named source of vitamin D such as cod-liver oil

/ oily fish – such as salmon, sardines, herring
and mackerel / red meat /liver /eggs / fortified
foods – such as most fat spreads and some
breakfast cereals (1)
give cod-
• add drops / use supplement / eq (1) liver oil
(tablets) =
mp 2 and 3

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
8(c) An answer that makes reference to the following 2
points:
allow /
• Add biuret (1) uristix /
clinistix
• If protein present turns purple / lilac (1) /protein
test
sticks mp
1

and
stated
colour
change
mp 2

Total = 10
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
9(a)(i) An answer that makes reference to 5 of the following 5
points:

• S y axis scale linear and half the grid (1) allow

stacked
• A 2 y axis labelled (number of) deaths (1) bar chart
for LC
• P bars plotted correctly within one (1) and OC
or LC OC
• K 1 non- smoker / light/ medium /heavy and All
labelled key shown (1)

• K2 labelled lung / other cancer (1) line

graph
scores 4
max
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
9(a)(ii) 3
• percentage of deaths due to lung cancer in Allow 1
heavy = 13/157 x 100 = 8.3% mark for
8.3 or
• percentage of deaths caused by lung cancer in 8.28/etc
light smokers = 12/345 x 100 =3.5%
Allow 1
• difference = 4.8% (3) mark for
3.5 or
3.48/etc

Allow full
marks for
4.8%/
4.802 etc

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
9(b) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following
eg ‘old
• as age increase higher incidence of cancers /eq people
(1) get more
cancer’

• as cells more likely to mutate /eq (1)

• smoked for longer period / eq (1)
• weak immune system / eq(1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
9(c) An explanation that makes reference to one pair of the 2
following

• causing CHD / heart disease / heart attack / blood clots ignore

/eq (1) veins
• due to narrowing / blocking of arteries / blood vessels
/ damage to artery lining /blood vessels lining/ eq (1) second
point must
match first
to score 2

OR ignore
‘cough(ing)’
• bronchitis / pneumonia/ emphysema / lung infection /
shortness of breath / eq(1)
• due to damage to alveoli / reduces SA / damages cilia /
build-up of mucus / prevents removal of mucus (1)

OR
can get
• affects oxygen transport / shortness of breath / eq (1) second
• due to carbon monoxide binding to Hb /eq (1) point
without
first eg
smoking
causes
build-up of
mucus

Total = 12 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
10(a) • homeostasis (1) 1

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
10(b) An answer that makes reference to 4 of the following 4
points.

• receptors in skin surface detect stimulus / are

stimulated /(1) allow
action
• impulse (1) (once) potential

• sensory neurone to relay neurone / CNS / eq ignore

(1) message
/ signal
• via diffusion of neurotransmitters / eq (1) eq
(once)

• synapse (1) (once)

• motor neurone to muscle / effector (1)

• effector/ muscle contracts eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the following points. 2

• less sweat released /eq (1)

• less (sweat) evaporates / less cooling / less heat loss /eq
(1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
10(c)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to 3 of the following 3
points. allow
converse

• B / blood vessels (to surface) constrict / ignore

vasoconstriction / eq (1) capillaries
constrict
• less blood flows (to skin surface) / eq (1)

• less heat loss / heat conserved /eq (1) more blood

away from
• less convection / radiation (1) surface / eq

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(d) An explanation that makes reference to 4 of the following points. 4

• variation in amount of body hair / eq (1)

• caused by mutation (1)

• less hair increased heat loss / can lose heat in sun / warm
/ hot climate / chase animals / started to wear clothes / eq
(1)

• survive and reproduce (1)

• pass on alleles / genes to offspring (1)

Total = 14 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
11(a)(i) An explanation that makes reference to 3 of the following points. 3

• (sulfur dioxide) released dissolves in water (vapour) (1)

• forms sulfuric acid (1)

• acid rain (1)

• causes damage to plants / deforestation / eq (1)

• breathing problems for humans / animals / eq (1)

• death of fish /aquatic organisms / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
11(a)(ii) 1
• less burning / use of fossils fuels / named
fossil fuel / low sulfur fuel / named allow
example of alternative to using fossil fuels examples
/ eq (1)
use public
transport /
use wind
power /
cycling /
electric/hybrid
vehicles / etc
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
11(b) An answer that makes reference to 6 of the following 6
points. Exp

• C with and without HCO3 / changes

concentrations of HCO3 (1)

• O use same species / age / size / strain / type of

seedling /eq (1)

• R repeat (for each concentration of HCO3) (1)

• M1 measure / yield / height / mass / count

number of leaves / number of plants that
germinate / eq (1) not just
same
• M2 after stated time 48 hours + (1) time for
M2
• S1 control light / CO2 / temperature /eq (1)

• S2 control compost / water / humidity / moisture

/minerals / fertiliser/ volume of solution / eq (1)

Total = 10
Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828
with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom
Mark Scheme (Results)

November 2021

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 1B and
Science (Double Award) (4SDO) Paper 1B
Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body.
We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and
specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites
at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the
details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone
progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of
people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years,
and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international
reputation for our commitment to high standards and raising achievement through
innovation in education. Find out more about how we can help you and your students at:
www.pearson.com/uk

November 2021
Question Paper Log Number P66430RA
Publications Code 4BI1_1B_2111_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
1(a) A description that makes reference to the following 2
points:

 iodine (1)

 blue black / blue / black /eq (1) allow

purple

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(b)(i) The only correct answer is B fungus 1

A is not correct because it is not a bacterium

C is not correct because it is not a protoctist

D is not correct because it is not a virus

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(b)(ii) The only correct answer is A amylase 1

B is not correct because it is not digested by ligase

C is not correct because it is not digested by lipase

D is not correct because it is not digested by protease

Total 4 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
2(a)(i) 1
6.0 x 103

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a)(ii) The only correct answer is D 5.0 × 1012 1

A is not correct as it is not 5.0 × 106

B is not correct as it is not 5.0 × 10 9

C is not correct as it is not 5.0 × 10 11

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b)(i) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following points:

 (less) oxygen (transported) (1) idea of

less once
 (less) respiration (1)
no credit
 (less) energy / less ATP (1) for fewer
red cells

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
2(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the must 2
following points: have idea
of fewer
 (fewer) phagocytes / (fewer) lymphocytes (1) cells /
less
 (so less) ingestion / phagocytosis / digestion / response
engulfing /eq (1)
no credit
 (so fewer) antibodies (1) for fewer
white
cells

allow
fewer
anti-
toxins
 Total 6 marks

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
3(a) 2
P is the ileum / small intestine (1) allow
intestine
Q is the oesophagus (1) reject
large
intestine

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
3(b) An explanation that makes reference to two of 2
the following points: allow produce
cellulase
 cellulose (1)
no credit for
 (produces / release) glucose / energy microorganisms
(1) being digested
for glucose
 respiration (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
3(c) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 4
following points:

 fewer cows means less methane (into allow

atmosphere) (1) converse

 greenhouse gas (1)

 (less) heat trapped / (less) radiation reflected

(1) ignore
climate
 (less) global warming (1) change

 farmers may choose to keep same number /

more cows (1)

 some cows kept for beef / eq (1)

 other sources of greenhouse gas / cars /

fossil fuels / eq

Total 8 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
4(a) 2
Function of Vitamin
vitamin

prevent scurvy C

allow
improve vision (vitamin) A (1) retinoid /
carotene

help bone growth (vitamin) D (1) allow

calciferol

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
4(b)(i) 2
rate without vitamin C: award full marks
6.5 – 0.5 = 6.0 for correct
numerical answer
÷ 30 without working

= 0.20 (2) allow 1 mark for

6.0 or ÷ 30

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
4(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the 2
following points:

 pour contents onto filter paper (in allow filter

funnel) (1) ignore sieve

 heat / warm in oven (1) allow to dry/

evaporate

 weigh the residue /eq (using balance)

(1)
Question Answer Mark
Number
4(b)(iii) 1
(dry) mass of yeast

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
4(b)(iv) An explanation that makes reference to four of the 4
following points:

 temperature (1)
 because it affects enzymes / enzymes ignore
have optimum temperature / rate of volume
reaction / kinetic energy of molecules of
/eq (1) glucose

Or ignore
mass of
 pH (1) yeast
 because it affects / denatures enzymes
/eq (1) ignore
time
Or
ignore
 oxygen / aerobic /anaerobic conditions mass /
/eq(1) conc of
 because it affects respiration (1) Vitamin C

Or

 species / strain / type of yeast (1)

 because they may grow at different
rates / eq (1)

Or

 concentration of glucose solution (1)

 used in respiration by yeast (1)

Total 11 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
5(a) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following points:

 plasmid / virus / bacteriophage / phage /

gene gun / eq (1)

 transfer (recombinant) / DNA / gene / into allow

organism) eq (1) carry
DNA
/gene

introduce
/ insert
DNA /
gene

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
5(b)(i) Magnesium / Mg Mg2+ 1

Iron / Fe Fe2+ /
Fe3+
Nitrate / NO3
NO3-
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
5(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to six of the 6
following points:

 C use pulling / method A and weedicide /

method B /eq (1)

 O uses same species of crop / same crop /

plant (1)

 R repeat investigation / uses more than

one field (1)

 M1 measure crop mass / weigh /eq (1) not

amount
not yield

 M2 use quadrats / use sampling / per m2 /

per unit area / per tray / eq (1)

 S1 after stated time period / one growing

season / eq

 S2 (control) temperature / light / carbon allow

dioxide / soil / water / fertiliser / minerals /eq idea of in
(1) same
region /
climate
for S2

Total 9 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
6(a) 1
control the movement (of substances) in control
/out of cell / eq what
comes into
out of cell

only allows
certain
substances
to enter
cell

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
6(b) 2
original area = 3.14 × 4 = 12.56 award full marks
for correct
0.55 × 12.56 = numerical answer
without working
6.9 / 6.91 / 6.908 mm2 (2)
allow 1 mark for
12.56 or
allow 1 mark for x
0.55

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(c)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following 5
points:

 S y axis linear and half the grid (1)

 L labelled bars drawn for each range (1) line

graph
no L
 A1 axes labelled number (of men) (1) mark

 A2 axes labelled ‘cholesterol concentration in

mg /cm3 or mg per cm3 or mg cm-3’

 P bar heights correct (within half small

square) (1)
Question Answer Mark
Number
6(c)(ii) The only correct answer is C 160 to 199 1

A is not correct as the mode is not 80 to 119

B is not correct as the mode is not 80 to 379

D is not correct as the mode is not 360 to 399

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
6(c)(iii) 2
115 + 34 + 9 + 5 = 163 award full marks
for correct
total men in sample = 1067 numerical answer
without working
163 ÷ 1067 × 100
allow 1 mark for
163
15.276 / 15 .28 /15.3 / 15 (2)
or 1 mark for
dividing by 1067
and x 100
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
6(d) An answer that makes reference to four of the 4
following points:
 statin shows less percentage of / fewer heart converse
attacks (1)
 only one statin tested (1)
 only tested for four years (1)
 difference could be due to chance (1)

 groups may have small size / no ignore ref

information on group size /eq (1) to
repeated
 some may have pre-existing heart
condition / blood pressure / eq (1)
ignore
 groups may not have same diet /
healthier
exercise / stress / smoking / eq (1)
ignore
 groups may be different ages / lifestyle
masses / obesity / have different
genes / family history / sex /
ethnicity / eq (1)

Total 15 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
7(a)(i) a gene is a section / length / part (of a molecule) of DNA 1
that codes for a specific protein / polypeptide (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(a)(ii) grey hair / grey (1) 1

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
7(b) An answer that includes the following 4
four points:
allow other symbols eg
 Gg and Gg (1) W and w or even G and
w if cross works

 G or g G or g (1) gametes separated or in

circles

 GG Gg Gg gg (1) allow full marks from a

correct Punnet square

 3 grey : 1 white (1)

ratio must be stated with
phenotype
or

clearly 3 labelled grey

and 1 labelled white in
offspring

allow 75% and 25% or

¾ and ¼

allow ECF/ TE for correct

gametes and offspring
from incorrect parents to
2 max
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
7(c) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following points:

 cross with mouse with white hair / gg / allow

homozygous recessive / do back cross / test ww/ dd
cross /(1) /rr etc

 if all offspring grey – parent is homozygous

/GG (1)

 if some / any / half offspring white – parent is

heterozygous / Gg (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(d) An answer that makes reference to three of the following 3
points:

 most polygenic (1)

 many genes / more than one gene / eq (1)

 each of small effect / (1)

 show continuous variation / example height / mass/ eq

(1)

 most single genes / monohybrid inheritance only affect

one phenotype / characteristic (1)

Total = 11 marks
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number Guidance
8(a) An explanation that makes reference to three of Allow 3
the following points: converse for
sexual
reproduction

 no gametes formed / no meiosis / eq (1) allow sperm

and egg /
reproductive
cells
 no fertilisation / fusion of gametes / zygote
formed (1)

 no genetic variation / offspring are clones / allow same

have same alleles as parents / have same genes
alleles (as each other) / eq (1)

 only one parent cell required (1) ignore only

one parent

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(b)(i) The only correct answer is A (the oviduct) 1

B is not the correct answer as it is not the site of fertilisation

C is not the correct answer as it is not the site of fertilisation

D is not the correct answer as it is not the site of fertilisation

Question Answer Mark

Number
8(b)(ii) The only correct answer is C ( uterus / womb) 1

A is not the correct answer as it is not where foetus develops

B is not the correct answer as it is not where foetus develops

D is not the correct answer as it is not where foetus develops

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number Guidance
8(b)(iii) An answer that makes reference to four of the 4
following points:

 oestrogen (1)

 thickens uterus lining (1)

 development of secondary sexual stimulates LH

characteristics / eq (1) / inhibits FSH

allow example
of secondary
sexual
characteristics
eg breast
development

 progesterone (1) ignore

thickens here
 maintains uterus lining / eq (1)
inhibits LH /
stimulates
FSH

allow
maximum
one mark for
an effect not
linked to a
hormone

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
8(c)(i) = 3.22 x 62.1 allow 199 /199.96/ 1
199.962
= 200 (million) (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
8(c)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following points:

 number amount of sperm depends upon both

factors / eq (1)

 you could have a high conc but low volume conc

(this would provide few sperm) / eq (1) does not
tells us
how
many
sperm
are there

semen
 or a high volume but low conc (this would volume
provide few sperm) / eq (1) does not
tell us
how
many
sperm
there are

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number Guidance
8(c)(iii) 202 - 142 ÷ 202 × 100 Allow 1 mark for 2
202 - 142 or 60
= 29.7 % (2)
or 1 mark for
0.297 / eq

allow 29.703 /
29.70297 etc

Total = 14 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
9(a)(i)  algae (1) minus 1 2
mark for
 bladder wrack (1) each
extra
incorrect
organism

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
9(a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the minus 1 2
following: mark for
each
 (common) seal (1) extra
incorrect
 crab (1) organism

 lobster (1)

 (herring) gull (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number Guidance
9(a)(iii) bladder wrack winkle crab gull (2) Allow 1 2
mark for
order
without
arrows or
arrows in
wrong
direction

no credit
for
pyramids
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number Guidance
9(b)(i) Require names for order 2

 order correct (1) Allow 1 mark for order of

names but wrong shape (of
pyramid)

 shape correct (1)

Allow 1 mark for correct
pyramid shape without
names

no credit for food chain

Question Answer Mark

Number
9(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following 3
points:

 energy lost (between each stage / level) / eq (1)

 as heat / used in respiration / movement (1)

 excreted / urine / eq (1)

 not eaten / not digested / egested / faeces / eq (1)

 decompose / die (1)

Total = 11 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
10(a) (i) A description that makes reference to the 2
following points:
in cupboard /
 keep plant in dark / eq (1) cover with black
paper
 for 12 hours plus (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(a)(ii) 1
 starch only made during experiment / produced during
experiment / produced in the light / prevent false
positive / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
10(b) extinguish 1
 (heat ethanol) using water bath / eq (1) Bunsen
flame

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(c) 1
 keep leaf in dark / mask leaf / cover with foil / eq (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
10(d) An explanation that makes reference to five of the following 5
points:

 leaf flat / wide / large SA for diffusion / gas exchange / for each
light absorption (1) mp must
have
 leaf thin so no cells far from surface to absorb light / structure
short diffusion distance (1) and
description
 upper epidermis transparent to allow light through (1) of how
adapted
 palisade (mesophyll) cells contain many chloroplasts /
much chlorophyll (near surface) to absorb light (1)

 spongy (mesophyll) / cells have air spaces / not tightly allow

packed / for gas exchange / diffusion (1) spongy for
gas
 (lower surface) has stomata to absorb carbon dioxide exchange
(1)

 xylem / vascular bundle bring water for photosynthesis

(1)

Total = 10 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
11(a)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following points: 4

 cornea / C bends / refracts light (1)

 lens / A becomes (more) curved / rounder / convex / thicker

/ eq (1)
allow
 as ciliary muscles / D contract (1) ciliary
body
 (ciliary muscles / D) cause suspensory ligaments to relax
become less taut / slacken / loosen / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
11(a)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to three of the following 3
points:

 circular muscles contract (1)

 radial muscles relax (1)

 pupil constricts / becomes smaller / eq (1)

 less light enters eye (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
11(b)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following points: 2

 (breaks down / digests cell walls of / kill / prevent

growth of / remove / protect from ) bacteria / prevent
fungi / pathogens / microorganisms / eq (1) bacterial
infection
=2
 prevent infection / disease (1) marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
11(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the following 2
points:

 optimum pH (for lysozyme) (1)

 prevent enzyme being denatured / change in active

site /eq (1)

 break down cell walls / kill bacteria / work at fastest

/ fast rate / eq (1)

 (too) acidic / (too) alkaline may damage eye / eq (1) neutral

won’t
damage
eye

Total = 11 marks
Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828
with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom
Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 1B and Science
(Double Award) (4SD0) Paper 1B
Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

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January 2022
Question Paper Log Number P69470A
Publications Code 4BI1_1B_2201_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners

must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather
than penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the
candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the
mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must
be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
1 (a) (i) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following:
No credit
 (Flask B) as (mouthpiece) connected to if identify
long tube in flask B / (mouthpiece) flask A
connected to flask A is shorter / eq (1)

 (Flask B) tube (from mouthpiece) in air into

limewater / tube in liquid in flask B / limewater
causes bubbles (in limewater) in B / not in
liquid / draws air in flask A / eq (1)

 cannot inhale in flask B as limewater limewater

would be sucked in / would get not
mouthful of liquid / Flask A for breathable
inhalation as no liquid drawn up eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
1 (a) (ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following:

 (Limewater) in flask A stays clear / no change allow

/ less cloudy / goes cloudy slowly / eq (1) stays
clear

cloudy in
both
 (Limewater in) flask B goes (more) cloudy / flasks
milky / cloudy quicker / (1) scores 1

no credit
for
changes
colour

 as less carbon dioxide in inhaled /

atmospheric air / (more) carbon dioxide in exhaled or
/ eq (1)
cloudy
 due to respiration (1) (in both)
as
contains
CO2 also
scores 1
 ignore no
CO2 in
inhaled

Question Answer Mark

Number
1 (a) (iii) 1
 Sodium hydrogen-carbonate / sodium bicarbonate
(solution)/ hydrogen-carbonate / bicarbonate indicator (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
1 (b) An answer that makes reference to four of the 4
following:

 diaphragm contracts (1)

 diaphragm flattens / moves down /eq (1)

 (external) intercostal muscles contract (1)

 rib cage raised / moves out (1)

 volume (of chest cavity / thorax) increases ignore

(1) volume of
lungs
 pressure in (chest cavity / thorax) decreases
/ reduces (1)

 air drawn into lungs / lungs inflate /eq

(1)

total 9 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
2(a)(i) The only correct answer is 1

A P is the anther

B is not the answer as it is the filament

C is not the answer as it is the stigma

D is not the answer as it is the style

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a)(ii) The only correct answer is 1

B Q is the petal

A is not the answer as it is the leaf

C is not the answer as it is the stem

D is not the answer as it is the style

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(a)(iii) The only correct answer is 1

D structure S the stigma

A is not the answer as they do not germinate on P anther

B is not the answer as they do not germinate on Q petal

C is not the answer as they do not germinate on R stem

Question Answer Mark
Number
2(b) An answer that makes reference to the following: 3

 P / anthers exposed / hanging out / outside / eq (1)

 S / stigma feathery / exposed / hanging out / longer allow

/outside / eq (1) hairy

 Q / petals smaller/ absent / green / not coloured / not

scented / eq (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
2(c)(i) runners / eq allow 1
corms /
bulbs /
rhizomes/
tubers

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
2(c)(ii) cuttings/ eq allow 1
grafting /
layering /
micropropagation
/ tissue culture

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
2(c)(iii) An answer that makes reference to two the 2
following: allow
converse
 no / (less) genetic variation /a clone / eq for
(1) sexual

not just
 maintain phenotype / colour / flavour / get a
desired characteristic / same characteristics / eq copy off
(1)

 faster / eq (1) ign more

plants
 seeds not viable / produce rare plants / eq
(1)
 total 10 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(a) Carbon / C (1) 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(b)(i) The only correct answer is 1

A W is combustion

B is not the answer as W is not decomposition

C is not the answer as W is not feeding

D is not the answer as W is not respiration

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(b)(ii) The only correct answer is 1

D X is respiration

A is not the answer as X is not combustion

B is not the answer as X is not decomposition

C is not the answer as X is not feeding

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(c) bacteria / fungi / allow correct genus and species names (1) 1
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
3(d) A description that makes reference to six of the 6
following points:

 C different pH of organic material / add

acid /alkali / add buffers/ eq (1)

 O same organic material / plant / age / same state of

species / type / mass / volume of organic decay
material(1)

 R repeat (at each different pH ) (1)

 M1 measure change / loss in mass of or allow time

organic material / initial mass – final mass taken M2
/volume of carbon dioxide released /
change in hydrogen-carbonate indicator /
change in limewater /eq (1) for same
mass M1 to
 M2 after stated time period (1) decompose

 S1 same temperature / oxygen / eq (1)

 S2 same water / same mineral ions / 1 hour +

same humidity / same volume of each acid
/alkali/ buffer / same bacteria / fungi /
decomposer added / eq (1)
allow same
number of
bacteria
/decomposers
/ eq
total 10 marks

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
4(a)(i) 2
356 / (356+1331)
allow 1 mark for 356 / 1687 or
356 / (356+1331)

356 /1687 x 100

allow full marks for correct
= 21.1% (2) answer

allow 21
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
4(a)(ii) allow full 2
85147 and 7206 marks for
correct
ratio = 11.82:1 answer

12:1 (2)
allow 1
mark for
85147
and 7206

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
4(b) An answer that that makes reference to six the 6
following points:

yes smoking important

 higher % of low birth mass (at every age) / allow

smokers have more low mass babies/ eq (1) correlation
between
 large numbers in study (1) smoking
and low
No because birth mass

 big age effect / more with low birth mass at

under 19

 more with low birth mass over 35 (1)

 greater effect of smoking at older ages

above 35 (1)

 as older mothers may have smoked for

many years / no information on number of
years mothers have smoked for (1)

 no information on mothers’ mass / weight

(1)

 no information on mothers’ health care / ignore

medical condition / alcohol / diet / drugs / eq lifestyle
(1)

 no information on premature birth /eq (1)

 no information on frequency of smoking or

 when during pregnancy (1)

own knowledge

 smoking reduces oxygen / eq (1)

 less respiration / eq (1)

total 9 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
5 (a) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following: 2

 anaerobic respiration (1)

 (by) bacteria / named bacteria (1)

 produces lactic acid / eq (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
5 (b)  temperature / volume / mass of milk / lactose content 1
of milk / type of milk / eq

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
5(c)(i) A graph that makes includes: 5

 scales linear and at least half page and

axes the correct way around time on x axis Allow
(1) truncated
y axis if
 (time in) minutes and acidity %(1) starts at
0.2 or 0
 straight lines joining points (1) and //

 points correctly plotted (1)

 key to identify normal and low oxygen

(1)
within a
small
square
Question Answer additional guidance Mark
Number
5 (c)(ii) An explanation that makes
reference to the following: allow converse for more 2
oxygen
 reduced oxygen (more)
anaerobic respiration (of milk) /
less aerobic respiration / eq (1)

 acidity increases faster /

sooner / more rapidly / eq (1)
total 10 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
6 (a) A oesophagus / gullet (1) 4

B stomach (1)

C small intestine / ileum / duodenum / jejunum (1)

D large intestine / colon / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
6 (b) An explanation that makes reference to 3
three of the following:

 (plants contain) cellulose (1)

 digested by cellulase / enzyme (1) allow broken down

by cellulase
 into glucose (1)

 energy released / respiration / eq converse for no

(1) cellulase energy
not released /
energy lost in
feaces / eq

Question Answer Mark

Number
6 (c)(i)  humans do not digest cellulose / do not eat only plant 1
material / omnivores / eat fewer / less plants / vegetables /
eq (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
6 (c)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two the 2
following:

 removes useful bacteria / fewer / no useful not just

bacteria / eq (1) appendix
contains
useful
bacteria
as this is
in stem

 reduces competition / eq (1)

 pathogenic bacteria increase / survive / allow

multiply / grow / more harmful bacteria / eq (1) toxic /
bad / eq
to
harmful
bacteria

total 10 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(a)(i) The only correct answer is 1

D oak tree

A blackbird is not correct as it is not the producer

B centipede is not correct as it is not the producer
C earthworm is not correct as it is not the producer

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(a)(ii) The only correct answer is 1

A blackbird is a secondary and tertiary consumer

B earthworm is not a secondary and tertiary consumer

 C ground beetle is not a secondary and tertiary consumer
D sparrowhawk is not a secondary and tertiary consumer

Question Answer Mark

Number
7 (b)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the 2
following:

 some light / colours / wavelengths reflected

(1)
ignore
 light falls on flowers / not on leaves / some shade
does not fall on chloroplasts / chlorophyll / eq (1)
allow not
enough
chloroplasts

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
7 (b)(ii)  producer to primary consumer 2
1.4 / 87 x 100 = 1.61 % (1) allow 1.6% must
calculate
 primary to secondary consumer % to
1.6 / 14 x 100 = 11.4 % (1) allow 11% 11.43% score

allow 1
or mark for
each
ENERGY LOST producer to primary 98.4% (1) correct
calculation
ENERGY LOST primary to secondary 88.6% (1)
allow calc
of energy
so student is incorrect primary to secondary lost
consumer most efficient
Question Answer Mark
Number
7 (c)(i)  involuntary / automatic / does not involve the brain / 1
spontaneous / without thinking / unconscious / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
7 (c)(ii)  protects from predators / only exposes hard ignore 1
shell /eq (1) danger /
harm
/injury

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
7(c)(iii) An answer that makes reference to four of the 4
following:

 (gene) mutation/ mutated gene / eq (1)

 variation (1)

 woodlice that roll up survive / not eaten /eq allow

(1) converse

 reproduce / eq (1) allow

converse
 pass on alleles/ genes (for rolling behaviour)
(1) not just
pass on
mutation
/behaviour
total 13 marks

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
8 (a) 2
allow 2
0.04% = 0.04 in 100 marks for
1000000 ÷100 = 10000 correct
answer
10000 x 0.04 = no
working
400 (ppm) (2)
allow 1
mark for
10000
Question Answer Mark
Number
8 (b)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following: 2

 (increasing CO2) increases (relative)(rate of

photosynthesis) (1)

 (begins to) level off / reaches maximum (at 0.10 % at

1.12) / rate of increase steepest up to 0.06 %/ eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
8 (b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two the following: 2
allow
 steepest increase / most effect at 35 oC / higher converse
temperatures / eq (1)

 increasing CO2 increases (relative) rate of

photosynthesis at all temperatures (1)

 at CO2 of 0.03 %, temperature is not the

limiting factor / CO2 is limiting factor so increasing the
temperature has little effect.(1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
8 (b)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to three the following: 3

 increasing temperature increases (relative) rate of

photosynthesis (1)

 as more (kinetic) energy (supplied to molecules) /eq (1)

 more (frequent) collisions / faster collisions (between

substrate and enzyme molecules) / more enzyme substrate
complexes formed/ eq (1)

 temperature becomes limiting factor at 5oC / increasing

CO2 has less effect on rate/eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
8 (c)(i) An explanation that makes reference to one pair of 2
the following:

 nitrate (1)

 for / amino acids/ proteins /stunted growth/ allow

 yellow leaves / eq chloroplasts

OR

 magnesium (1)

 for chlorophyll / yellow leaves chlorosis /eq (1) allow

chloroplasts
OR
must have
 other correct mineral (1) named
 correct effect (1) mineral to
get effect

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
8 (c)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of 2
the following:

 (increasing) light (intensity) (1)

 provides energy for / required for allow no light no

photosynthesis / absorbed / trapped / used by photosynthesis=
chloroplasts /chlorophyll / stomata open more / required for
eq (1)

OR

 changing wavelength / colour of light (1)

 some not absorbed / affect photosynthesis

(1)

OR

 (availability of) water (1)

 as reactant / substrate / used in

photosynthesis (1)
total 13 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
9 (a)  only expressed / seen in phenotype of allow only 1
homozygous / requires two / both (copies) to be expressed
expressed in phenotype / only seen / expressed / if aa / cc
shown if no dominant allele present / not etc
expressed if dominant allele present / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
9 (b)(i)  Parents Aa and Aa (1) 4
allow
 gametes A and a (1) other
symbols
 offspring genotypes AA Aa aa (1)
allow
 offspring phenotypes or ratio 3 no different
symptoms to 1 alkaptonuria / eq (1) letters eg
A and N if
cross
works
eg parents AN and AN
NOT X
gametes A and N and Y

offspring AA AN AN NN gametes
circled or
in Punnet
or
separated

allow ecf
for max 2
marks for
correct
gametes
and
offspring
ie mp 2
and 3

allow full
marks for
Punnet
square
Question Answer Mark
Number
9 (b)(ii) 1

0.375/ 37.5% / 3/8 / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
9 (c)(i) did not receive the drug / no treatment / eq (1) current 1
best
treatment
/ placebo

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
9(c)(ii) An answer that that makes reference to five of the 5
following points:
yes

 control group so valid study /eq (1)

 showed improvement /reduced symptoms / allow

activity / life / eq (1) converse
for
 quicker to stand up/eq (1) control

 improved distance walked/ eq (1)

No because

 small group size / should be tested on more

people / repeat study / eq (1)

 not all finished study/ eq (1)

 adverse / side effects / eq (1)

 one died in drug group /eq (1)

 no information on age / mass / sex / other

health conditions / activity / exercise / eq (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
9(d) An answer that that makes reference to two of the 2
following points:

 patients may not know what foods contain allow

these / what proteins contain these/ eq (1) contain
these
proteins

 present in many / most foods / most

proteins /eq (1)

 proteins required for growth / repair / eq (1) allow

provide
essential
amino
acids
total 14 marks

Question Answer Mark

Number
10(a) The only correct answer is 1

C it is specific

A it lasts a short time is not correct

B it leads to bioaccumulation is not correct
D it is quicker is not correct

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
10(b)(i) An answer that includes the following ignore 2
water
 sucrose / sugars (1) reject
starch /
glucose

 amino acids / eq (1) allow

named
amino
acid
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
10(b)(ii) An explanation answer that makes reference to four 4
of the following:
 less respiration / eq (1)

 less ATP / less energy (1)

 less active transport/ less minerals absorbed

/ eq (1)

 less / remove / eat carbohydrate / sucrose / not

sugars / less amino acids / eq (1) glucose
stored or
 less growth (of leaves / tubers /bulbs /grain/ carried in
fruit ) (1) phloem

 less starch stored / less proteins

(synthesis) (1)

 less photosynthesis (1)

 less nectar (1)

 less (insects for) pollination (1)

 spread disease / infection / eq (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
10(c) An answer that that makes reference to five the 5
following points:

yes

 hoverflies eat / consume more aphids / eq

(1)

 at each/ all temperature(s) / eq (1)

 therefore fewer hoverflies need to be used

(1) allow %
difference
 greatest / most difference (×3) at 12 oC /eq
/ least at 18 oC (×1.9) (1)

 (both) flies consume more at higher

temperatures /eq (1)

but not conclusive because

 only one larvae used /should use more larvae

/ not repeated / eq (1)

 (less valid) not natural habitat / not a field

study / done in laboratory setting / eq (1)

 only 2 species hoverfly and silverfly

compared / eq (1)

total 12 marks
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with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom
Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2022

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI1) Paper 1B
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Summer 2022
Question Paper Log Number P70972A
Publications Code 4BI1_1B_2206_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2022
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries may
lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
Question Answer Mark
Number
1(a)(i) The only correct answer is 1

A is the pancreas

B is not the answer as B is not the pancreas

C is not the answer as C is not the pancreas

D is not the answer as D is not the pancreas

Question Answer Mark

Number
1(a)(ii) The only correct answer is 1

D structure produces progesterone

A is not correct as it does not produce progesterone

B is not correct as it does not produce progesterone

C is not correct as it does not produce progesterone

Question Answer additional guidance Mark
Number
1(b)(i) 3
Calculation method not marking Calculation method
points
conversion of nerve
convert hormonal speed to m / min speed to cm per min

= 4.2 m per min

= 5500 cm per sec
= 5500 x 60 cm per
convert hormonal speed to m / sec min

= 330 000 cm per min

= 4.2÷60 m per sec

= 0.07 m per sec

division division

55÷0.07 330 000÷420

= 786 :1 scores 3 = 786 : 1 scores 3

allow 2 sig figs so allow 790:1 scores 3 Allow 785.7 to 1 for

full marks
and all versions of
785.7142857142857
score 3

allow 1 mark for ÷ 60

or × 60 or evidence of
multiplying by or
dividing by 60

allow 1 mark for ÷0.07

or :0.07 or ÷420 or
:420

allow 2 marks for 1 to

786 or just number 786
etc

any rounding errors

such as 785:1 scores 2
Question Answer Additional Mark
Number guidance
1 (b) (ii) A description that makes reference to three of the allow converse for 3
following: hormones
uses plasma/
• uses neurones / nerve cells (1) blood
ignore impulse
• electrical (1)
chemical
• goes to target cells only / specific (locus)
/ eq (1) all around body/
different organs
• (response) is usually short (term) (1)
(response) longer
(lasting)

ignore ref to
speed

total 8 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
2(a) • hyphae (1) 4
• chitin (1)
• enzymes(1)
• saprotrophic / saprophytic (1)

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(b)(i) • carbon dioxide / CO2 (1) 1

Question Answer Mark

Number
2(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to the following: 3

• increasing (kinetic) energy / molecules move more (1)

• more collisions/ more enzyme substate complexes

formed / eq (1)

• above 37 / 400C /optimum / eventually / at higher

temperature enzyme denatures / change in active site /
substrate and enzyme can no longer bind /fit /eq (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
2(b)(iii) A description that makes reference to two of the no credit 2
following for counting
bubbles or
time for
limewater
as stem
states in
this
experiment.

• use (collect gas in) measuring cylinder / allow ref to

(gas) syringe / eq (1) capillary
tube and
scale

ignore gas
cylinder
• measure volume / cm3 in time / or time to
produce volume /eq (1)
must refer
to volume
and time
for mp 2

total 10 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
3(a) (i) • the middle value / eq (1) 1

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
3(a)(ii) • median used as each age has wide / high allow 1
range /not (influenced by) affected by / any converse
reference to / reduces effect of extreme for mean
values / data is skewed / less affected by
anomalies / eq
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
3(a)(iii) A description that makes reference to two of the to score 2
following two
marks
• increases (steeply) up to 20-25 years (1) must
• levels off / peaks 20-25 years (1) have one
• decreases (steadily at constant rate) from correct
20-25 years (1) numerical
ref

allow one
mark for
increases
then
decreases

Question Answer Mark

Number
3(a)(iv) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following 2

• (increases) (up to 20 years) as body / size / mass /

chest cavity / lungs / muscle increases / grows /
develops / eq (1)

• no / little change (from 20) no further growth / stop

growing / eq (1)

• (decreases) (from 25 years) as diaphragm /

intercostal muscle weaker / lungs less elastic / less
recoil / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
3(a)(v) An answer that makes reference to two of the 2
following

• smoking (1)
• lung disease / infection / condition / asthma ignore
/ bronchitis / emphysema / eq (1) illness /
• fitness / how active you are / eq (1) health
• body size/ height / mass / genetics / eq (1)
• sex /eq (1)
• altitude at which you live / eq (1)
• pregnancy (1)
• pollution / eq(1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
3(b) A description that makes reference to three of the 3
following

• count number of breaths per minute / allow use

number of breaths in stated time (at rest) / spirometer
eq (1) at rest for
mp 1

use
• breathing rate count per minute / number spirometer
of breaths in stated time after / during after
exercise /eq (1) exercise
for mp 2

• repeat / using more participants /use

group/ eq (1) allow
running
increasing
distances
• control age / sex / fitness of subjects / or
amount / period of exercise / eq (1) durations
of exercise
for mp 1
and mp 2

if measure
heart rate
can score
mp 3 and
4 only

total 11 marks
Question Answer additional guidance Mark
Number
4(a)(i) 2
• correct order of names (bottom) starting with producer
(1) / primary consumer/ secondary
consumer / tertiary consumer
ignoring shape

• correct shape (1) pyramid shape ignoring order

allow triangle pyramid

Question Answer Additional Mark

Number guidance
4(a)(ii) an answer that makes reference to three of the 3
following

• quadrat / use grid /eq (1)

• random sample (1)
• count (all) plants / producers / eq (1) ignore
• repeat / divide total sum of plants by area (1) organisms
allow
quadrats
as ref to
repeat
mp 4

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

Number
4(b)(i) calculation 1

2.40 ÷ 10.60 x 100

allow 22.64 /22.642/22.6415
= 22.6% / 23 % (1) 22.64151 etc
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
4 (b) (ii) An answer that makes reference to four of the 4
following:

• fewer organisms at top of pyramid / eq (1) allow

converse
• less biomass/ dry mass at top of pyramid/
eq (1)

• energy / biomass lost (at each transfer) /

less energy / biomass transferred / not all
energy/ biomass transferred/ eq (1)

• most energy lost from producer to primary

consumer / less energy/ less biomass
transferred from producer to primary
consumer /eq (1)

• allow any two causes of energy loss (2) allow

two
from
• movement / heat loss / respiration /
metabolism

• not all material digested / cellulose not

digested / energy lost in faeces / energy
present in faeces

• not all organism eaten /eq

• some energy excreted / in urine / eq

• some organisms die / decomposed / eq

total 10 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
5 (a)(i) A description that makes reference to three of the following: 3

• W or stigma / feathery / large surface area / W

stigma outside flower / exposed ( to catch pollen )/eq
(1)

• X or anther outside flower/ exposed (to disperse

pollen) / eq (1)

• Y or filament long / hinged / not rigid / can move (to

disperse pollen)/eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
5 (a)(ii) An answer that refers to two of the following allow 2
converse for
insect
pollinated

• smaller / dull / green flowers /petals / no larger/

petals / eq (1) coloured /eq

• no nectar/ nectary (1) nectar/nectary

• no scent / eq (1)
scent
• smaller / lighter / smooth pollen grains /
more pollen produced (1) larger / sticky
/ have hooks
pollen grains/
less pollen
produced
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
5 (b) An answer that makes reference to five the 5
following:

• link between pollen number and symptoms

/eq (1) allow hay
fever/
• Person A allergic to tree pollen (only) / eq allergic
(1) response/
for
allergy

• Person B allergic to (mainly) grass pollen /

eq (1)

• Person B some / mild allergy to tree and

weed / eq (1)

• Person C allergic to all pollen / tree and

grass and weed/eq (1)

• Person D no pollen allergy / eq (1)

• Person E allergic to (mainly) grass and weed

/ eq (1)

• Person E some / mild allergy to tree / eq (1)

• no species level data / eq (1)

• only one year / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
5(c) An explanation that makes reference to two of the 2
following

if put
• response to antigens / pathogen / allergen / phagocytes
bacteria / virus /eq (1) produce
antibodies
• by white blood cells/ phagocytes / scores mp 2
lymphocytes /eq (1) only or
lymphocytes
• antibodies produced / phagocytosis / engulf engulf
/ eq (1) scores mp 2
only

total 12 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
6(a)(i) The only correct answer is 1

B M is the cell wall.

A is not the answer as M is not the cell membrane

C is not the answer as M is not the nucleus

D is not the answer as M is not the vacuole

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(a)(ii) The only correct answer is 1

C N is the cytoplasm.

A is not the answer as N is not the cell membrane

B is not the answer as N is not the cell wall

D is not the answer as N is not the vacuole

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(b)(i) • sodium chloride (solution) / salt solution / bathing 1
solution / eq (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
6(b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to four of the allow 4
following converse for
cell in salt
solution
in distilled water

• water enters cell / eq(1) water exits

• by osmosis (1)

• from dilute solution to more concentrated allow as salt

solution / from high(er) water potential to soln / outside
low(er) water potential / water / outside has has lower
a higher water potential / eq (1) water
potential

allow high
conc of
water to low
conc of
water

• cytoplasm pushed against cell membrane/ .cytoplasm

cell wall / eq (1) /cell
membrane
shrinks away
• cell is turgid / (1)
. cell
plasmolysed /
flaccid
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
6(c) A description that makes reference to four of the
following 4

• (immerse) onion epidermis /rhubarb allow ‘layer

epidermis / named suitable plant tissues / of onion’
leaf epidermis / eq (1) ‘onion skin
cells’
‘rhubarb
stem’
Cladophora /
/ toadflax /eq

not just leaf

• same volume of solutions / stated volume of

solutions /eq (1)
not just
• at least two different concentrations of salt water and
solution / eq (1) salt solution

if describe
• leave cells for stated time / same time / eq potato discs
(1) expt
can score
• (observe / draw / photograph under) mp 2 3 4 so
microscope / eq (1) 3 max

total 11 marks
Question Answer Mark
Number
7(a)(i) The only correct answer is 1

A vessel U brings deoxygenated blood to heart

B is not correct as V does not bring deoxygenated blood

C is not correct as W does not bring deoxygenated blood
D is not correct as X does not bring deoxygenated blood

Question Answer Mark

Number
7(a)(ii) The only correct answer is 1

D chamber Z pumps oxygenated blood away from heart

A chamber S does not pump oxygenated blood away

B chamber T does not pump oxygenated blood away
C chamber Y does not pump oxygenated blood away

Question Answer additional guidance Mark

Number
7 (a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to
three the following: converse for Z 3

S
chamber Z / left
• thinner /eq (1) ventricle thicker /eq

more muscle /eq

• less muscle /eq (1)
( muscle thicker scores
(muscle thinner scores MP 1 and MP 2) MP 1 and MP 2)

• (generates) low / less pressure force (generates) high(er)

/eq (1) pressure / force /eq

ignore withstands high

pressure

• pumps blood to lungs / eq (1) pumps blood all

around the body /eq
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
7 (b) An explanation that includes 3 of 3
• carbohydrate for energy / energy store /
respiration /eq (1)
• protein for growth / repair / enzymes / eq
(1)
• fat / lipid for energy / energy store /
insulation / respiration/ eq (1)
• one named mineral and function (1) eg
• one named vitamin and function (1) Vitamin C
• fibre for peristalsis / move food through gut develops
/ eq (1) connective
• water for solvent / medium for chemical tissue /
reactions /constituent of cells / eq prevents
scurvy
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
7 (c) An explanation that includes 5 of 5

• large study / reliable / eq (1)

• long term study / eq (1)

• only in one place / country / population / eq

(1)

• (across all ages) increasing mass increases allow

CHD/ eq (1) converse

• heart attacks / CHD more common in older

groups / eq (1)

• if obese under 40 3 times as likely to have

heart attack / CHD / greatest effect under 40 /
eq (1)

• up to 60 most likely to have heart attack if

obese / eq (1)

• in over 60 group more likely to have heart

attack / CHD if normal or overweight / eq (1)

• over 60 obese less likely to have heart attack /

CHD/ eq (1)

• other factors smoking / diet / exercise / stress

/ blood pressure / eq (1)

• other factors genetics / sex / family / eq (1)

total 13 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
8 (a)(i) • agouti (1) allow
2
• all offspring are agouti / no offspring are ignore
black / as allele always expressed / shown / passed on as
visible in all phenotype / expressed in black allele
heterozygous / black allele not expressed / also passed
/eq (1) on

otherwise, all
the black
parents
would need
to be
heterozygous
and even
then only 0.5
probability
that each is
black / eq
(1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
8 (a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two the 4
following: allow from
Punnett
square

allow other
letters allow
• parent genotypes Aa and Aa (1) A and b

eg

• parent gametes (1) A or a A or a Ab x Ab

• offspring genotypes AA Aa aa (1)

A or b A or b

• offspring phenotypes labelled or ratio 3 : 1 AA Ab bb

(1)

ignore X and
Y

ECF max 2
for mp 2
gametes
and mp 3
genotypes of
offspring
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
8 (a)(iii) 2
• probability of agouti / probability of male allow full
• multiplied marks for
correct
⅜ or 0.375 or 37.5% (2) answer no
working

1 mark for
0.5 or ½ or
50%

or 0.75 or
¾ or 75%

Question Answer Mark

Number
8 (b)(i) 1
polygenic (1)

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
8 (b)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to three 3
of the following:

• more adrenaline produced / affects allow converse for

amount of adrenaline produced / eq smaller adrenal
(1) and less
neurotransmitter
• affects heart rate / fear response /
fight or flight idea /eq (1)

• neurotransmitter levels affects

synapses / eq (1)

• quicker reflex / reaction time /

quicker response / more responsive /
eq (1)
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
8 (c) An explanation that makes reference to three of the 3
following:

• iris does not block / blocks less light / eq not just

(1) iris lets
light
• so pupil change / dilate / constrict has little / through
no effect / (iris) cannot regulate / control
amount of light entering eye / eq (1)

• too much light / more light enters eye / falls

on retina / eq (1)

• poor vision / damages retina / (goes) blind /

eq (1)

total 15 marks

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
9 (a) A description that makes reference to three of the 3
following points

• cross / breed / mate / allow to self- pollinate

parent plant(s) with (grains) with highest
mass / yield / desired characteristics / eq (1)

• select offspring plants with (grains) with

highest mass / yield / desired characteristics
/ eq(1)

• repeat for more / many generations / eq (1)

Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
9 (b)(i) • Scale half grid and linear (1) allow y axis
starting at 1 5
• Lines straight and through all points (1) or 2 etc

• Axes correct way round (1) yield on y

• Points correctly plotted within half a small

square (1) No P if
extrapolate
yield to 0
• Units (yield in) tonnes per hectare (1)

bar chart just

loses L

Question Answer additional Mark

Number guidance
9 (b)(ii)
6.7-2.8= 3.9 1 mark for 3.9 3
/ 1.39 / 139/
3.9 ÷2.8 x 100 = 139.3 % in 60 years 139.3/139.29/
etc

1 mark for
÷60

3 marks for
correct
139.3 ÷60 = 2.3% per year (3) answer no
working

allow 2.32
2.321 2.3214
2.32143 etc
Question Answer Mark
Number
9(b)(iii) An explanation reference to three of the following points: 3

• less energy used to grow tall /eq (1)

• more energy available for grain/ eq (1)
• higher yield / harvest / more grain(s) / grains heavier / eq
(1)
• less likely to fall over / less likely to be damaged by wind
and rain / eq (1)
• easier to harvest / eq (1)
total 14 marks
Question Answer additional Mark
Number guidance
10 6
C use plants with different coloured flowers / (1) ignore
colour of
plant
once

O of same species / size / shape / (of flower) eq

(1)

R repeat each colour (1)

M1 count / see how many insects land on / visit

flower / eq (1)

M2 in a stated time / eq (1)

S1 same scent / nectar / use paper flowers / same

location/ temperature /sunlight / same season
/same time of day /eq (1)

S2 same number of / same insects / bees /

pollinators / same distance from hive / eq (1)

total 6 marks
Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828
with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom