lace value

with 4-digit
numbers
9omparing
e
ounding

e
r

e
s
Copyright 2006-2020 Maria Miller

EDITION 6/2020

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author.

Copying permission: For having purchased this book, the copyright owner grants to the teacher-purchaser a limited
permission to reproduce this material for use with his or her students. In other words, the teacher-purchaser MAY make
copies of the pages, or an electronic copy of the PDF file, and provide them at no cost to the students he or she is actually
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No permission is granted for resale of the material.

The copyright holder also grants permission to the purchaser to make electronic copies of the material for back-up purposes.

If you have other needs, such as licensing for a school or tutoring center, please contact the author at
https://www.MathMammoth.com/contact.php

2
 Math Mammoth Place Value 3

Contents

Introduction ........................................................................... 4

Thousands ............................................................................. 6
Four-Digit Numbers and Place Value ................................ 10
Which Number is Greater? ................................................. 14

Mental Adding and Subtracting ......................................... 16

Add Four-Digit Numbers with Regrouping ....................... 20
Subtract Four-Digit Numbers with Regrouping ............... 22
Rounding to the Nearest Hundred ...................................... 26
Rounding ............................................................................... 29
Estimating ............................................................................. 32
Word Problems ..................................................................... 35

Review ................................................................................... 38

Answers ................................................................................. 40

More from Math Mammoth ............................................... 49

3
 Introduction
Math Mammoth Place Value 3 is a short worktext meant for third grade level. It focuses on place value
with four-digit numbers, and adding and subtracting such numbers. We also study rounding and
estimating, which are very important skills for everyday life.
First, students study place value with four-digit numbers, writing four-digit numbers in expanded form,
and comparing.
Next, they practice some mental addition and subtraction. The lesson stresses the similarities between
adding and subtracting four-digit numbers and adding and subtracting smaller numbers. Practicing
mental math also helps to build number sense.
After that we study regrouping in addition and subtraction, using four-digit numbers.

The last major topics in this book are rounding numbers to the nearest hundred and estimating. Students
also get to do some more word problems.

I wish you success in teaching math!

Maria Miller, the author

Helpful Resources on the Internet

Use these free online resources to supplement the “bookwork” as you see fit.

Base Ten Blocks

Interactive base ten blocks for illustrating numbers up to 10,000. You can also solve problems.
https://www.hoodamath.com/games/basetenblocks.html

Cookie Dough
Practice either spelling big numbers, or writing the numbers from the words.
https://www.funbrain.com/games/cookie-dough-spell-the-numbers

Sea Life Place Value - Expanded Form

Practice adding numbers in expanded form with this fun, interactive game. With each correct answer,
you get to add another beautiful plant or animal to the sea floor!
https://www.free-training-tutorial.com/place-value/sealife/sl-expanded-form.html

Crossword Puzzle – Place Value

https://www.free-training-tutorial.com/word-games/crossword-puzzles-place-value-4.html

Soccer Math Estimating

Practice estimating with four-digit numbers. Choose level 3, and “addition or subtraction”.
https://www.abcya.com/games/estimating

4
Place Value Puzzler
Place value or rounding game. Choose “easy” place value or “easy” rounding for this level.
https://www.funbrain.com/games/place-value

Balloon Pop Math – Order Numbers

Pop the balloons in order from the smallest number to the largest. Choose the number range 1-10,000.
https://www.sheppardsoftware.com/mathgames/placevalue/BPOrder1000.htm

Counting Caterpillar
First, set the max number as high as possible. Then, place the “number leaves” in order on the branch.
http://www.ictgames.com/mobilePage/countingCaterpillar/index.html

ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION

Place Value Splat

Click on the amounts of hundreds, tens, and ones that equal the given number. Think of regrouping!
https://www.sheppardsoftware.com/mathgames/placevalue/PlaceValuesShapesShoot.htm

Drag and Drop Math – choose subtraction

Practice 4-digit addition or subtraction in columns in this customizable activity.
https://mrnussbaum.com/drag-n-drop-math-online

Mental Addition and Subtraction Quiz

https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-1/?-j14g03-l1i-p0

Four-Digit Addition and Subtraction Quizzes

https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-1/?-jg41-l34-p0

https://www.thatquiz.org/tq-1/?-jg42-l34-p0

ROUNDING AND ESTIMATING

Rounding Sharks
Click on the shark that has the number rounded correctly.
https://www.free-training-tutorial.com/rounding/sharks.html

Interactive Rounding Crossword

https://www.free-training-tutorial.com/word-games/crossword-puzzles-rounding-100.html

Maximum Capacity - Estimation

Drag as many gorillas as you can into the elevator without exceeding the capacity of the elevator.
https://mrnussbaum.com/maximum-capacity-online-game

Estimation Game
Estimate the answers by clicking on the number line. Choose “Add 100s” or “Subtract 100s”.
https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/estimation-game.php

5
 Thousands

When we take ten hundred-flats

and stack them end-to-end,
we get one thousand.
= Ten hundreds = One thousand.
We write a thousand as 1000 or 1,000.
The comma , is used to separate the
“1” of the thousands from the three
10 hundreds = 1,000 other digits. It just makes it easier to read.

On this number line you see only whole hundreds marked. In between each two marks are
99 numbers. Imagine those 99 little lines between 300 and 400!
After nine hundred, the next whole hundred is “ten hundreds” or A THOUSAND, 1,000.
Remember: Ten hundreds make a thousand.

Numbers with four digits are very easy to read. The first of the four digits is in the
thousands place. Just read it as “one thousand”, “two thousand”, “five thousand”, and so on.
The rest of the three digits you can read just like you are used to reading three-digit
numbers.

One thousand Two thousand Four thousand

four hundred fifty-nine eighteen seven hundred six
thou- hund- thou- hund- thou- hund-
tens ones tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds sands reds

1 4 5 9 2 0 1 8 4 7 0 6

The whole hundreds after one thousand continue as: one thousand, one thousand one
hundred, one thousand two hundred, etc. Many times, people also read these numbers this
way: a thousand, eleven hundred, twelve hundred, thirteen hundred, etc.

6
1. Write the numbers illustrated by the models. Sometimes you will need a zero or zeros.

a. b.

thou- hund- thou- hund-

tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds

1 3 1 2

c. d.
thou- hund- thou- hund-
tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds

thou- hund-
tens ones
sands reds

e.

thou- hund-
tens ones
sands reds

f.

7
2. Fill in the table.

a. One thousand two b. Three thousand five c. Four thousand six

hundred fifty-six hundred ninety-four hundred seventeen

thou- hund- thou- hund- thou- hund-

tens ones tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds sands reds

1 2 5 6

d. Nine thousand eight e. Six thousand two f. Five thousand seven

hundred twenty-two hundred eleven hundred ninety-nine

thou- hund- thou- hund- thou- hund-

tens ones tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds sands reds

3. Fill in the table. Now you will need to use a zero or zeros, so be careful!

a. One thousand one b. Two thousand five c. Four thousand sixty-one

thou- hund- thou- hund- thou- hund-

tens ones tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds sands reds

1 0 0 1

d. Three thousand twelve e. Six thousand two hundred f. Five thousand ninety

thou- hund- thou- hund- thou- hund-

tens ones tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds sands reds

g. One thousand h. Seven thousand i. Five thousand

one hundred three five hundred six eight hundred

thou- hund- thou- hund- thou- hund-

tens ones tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds sands reds

j. Two thousand k. Two thousand three l. Nine thousand

eleven hundred twenty thirty-two

thou- hund- thou- hund- thou- hund-

tens ones tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds sands reds

8
4. Fill in the numbers for these number lines.

5. Fill in the number chart and count by whole tens.

1010 1020

1060 1070

9
 Four-Digit Numbers and Place Value
Here, each number (2467, 1090, and 5602) is written as a sum of its parts by place values.
It is like writing each part of the number out in full: the thousands, the hundreds, the tens,
and the ones. Notice the zeros! When there are no hundreds, tens, or ones, we write a zero.

thou- hund- thou- hund- thou- hund-

tens ones tens ones tens ones
sands reds sands reds sands reds

2 4 6 7 1 0 9 0 5 6 0 2

2000 + 400 + 60 + 7 1000 + 0 + 90 + 0 5000 + 600 + 0 + 2

1. Fill in the blanks, and write the numbers as a sum of the different parts.

a. 1,034 = ____ thousand ____ hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

= 1000 + 0 + 30 + 4

b. 5,670 = ____ thousand ____ hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

= 5000 + __________ + _______ + ____

c. 3,508 = ____ thousand ____ hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

= _________ + __________ + _______ + ____

d. 8,389 = ____ thousand ____ hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

= _________ + __________ + _______ + ____

e. 9,007 = ____ thousand ____ hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

= _________ + __________ + _______ + ____

f. 7,214 = ____ thousand ____ hundreds ____ tens ____ ones

= _________ + __________ + _______ + ____

10
2. Fill in the table.

a. five thousand b. Six thousand c. Six thousand

nine hundred ninety sixteen three hundred three

T H T O T H T O T H T O

d. Eight thousand e. Nine thousand f. Ten thousand

seven hundred two hundred forty-five ten
thou- T H T O
T H T O T H T O sands

1 0 0 0 0

3. These numbers are written as sums. Write them in the normal way.

a. 2000 + 90 = _______________ b. 8000 + 5 = _______________

3000 + 200 = _______________ 1000 + 80 + 7 = _______________

c. 8000 + 200 + 20 = ______________ d. 4000 + 50 = _______________

2000 + 500 + 90 + 8 = ____________ 2000 + 800 + 7 = ______________

4. What part of these numbers is missing?

a. 5000 + 80 + ____________ = 5,083 b. 7000 + __________ + 5 = 7,605

c. __________ + 3000 = 3,050 d. ___________ + 700 + 1 = 2,701

5. Write the numbers immediately after and before the given number.

a. _________ 6,049 _________ b. _________ 2,324 _________

c. _________ 1,800 _________ d. _________ 8,809 _________

e. _________ 7,385 _________ f. _________ 9,244 _________

11
6. These numbers are written as sums, but in a scrambled order! Write them as normal
numbers.

a. 4000 + 900 + 7 = ____________ b. 80 + 500 + 8000 + 6 = ____________

c. 2 thousand 7 ones 4 tens d. 2 tens 6 hundred 4 thousand

e. 7 thousand 8 hundred 8 ones f. 5 thousand 6 tens

g. 3 thousand 4 ones h. 5 hundred 9 thousand

7. What part of these numbers is missing?

a. 900 + 2 + ____________ = 8,902 b. 5000 + 40 + ____________ = 5,046

c. __________ + 6000 + 40 = 6,540 d. __________ + 4000 + 300 = 4,340

8. Here is a number line from 2,390 to 2,500 with tick-marks for every 10.

Mark these numbers on the number line (approximately):

2415 2398 2441 2476 2483 2499

9. Draw a number line from 7,650 to 7,750 with tick marks at every 10.

Mark these numbers on the number line (approximately):

7659 7672 7745 7717 7688

12
10. Connect each number inside the puzzle to its whole thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones
that it contains. For example, 6,593 is connected to 6,000 and to 500 (for starters).
Add the unused numbers from the border to form the missing number inside.

11. Solve the puzzle. Think of breaking the numbers into thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones.

+ + + = 5206

+ + + +

+ + + = 3078

+ + + +

+ + + = 1925

+ + + +

+ + + = 432

= = = =
5022 3235 1408 976

13
 Which Number is Greater?

Which is more, 8,011 or 7,987? Place those numbers (approximately) on the number line.

Which is more, 2,395 or 2,402? Place those numbers (approximately) on the number line.

Compare first how many THOUSANDS the numbers have.

Then if they have the same amount of thousands, compare the ___________________.
Then if they also have the same amount of hundreds, compare the ________________.
And if everything else is the same, then compare the ONES.

1. Circle the greatest number.

a. 7,500 b. 5,400 c. 2,400 d. 3,500

6,500 5,200 4,400 3,200
8,500 5,700 8,400 3,300

e. 5,078 f. 2,770 g. 3,805 h. 5,743

5,098 2,750 3,811 5,734
5,100 2,760 3,809 5,721

i. 2,399 j. 4,500 k. 9,056 l. 6,309

4,989 6,101 9,834 9,603
7,011 3,099 9,275 3,609

2. Write < or > between the numbers.

a. b. c. d.

1,050 < 5,095 220 1,020 1,307 1,032 4,012 4,284

2,400 2,750 8,060 6,999 4,906 6,029 5,008 5,040

6,005 4,500 1,007 1,705 5,077 5,570 1,890 1,897

14
3. One of the three numbers fits on the empty line so that the comparisons are true.
Which one? Circle the number (or write it on the line).

a. 6,550 7,601 7,550 b. 2,435 2,338 2,350

7,500 < _____________ < 7,600 2,335 < _____________ < 2,345

c. 7,099 7,110 7,080 d. 1,232 1,212 1,223

7,089 < _____________ < 7,100 1,203 < _____________ < 1,222

e. 8,752 8,502 7,802 f. 4,216 4,111 4,096

8,459 < _____________ < 8,510 4,097 < _____________ < 4,200

g. 1,809 1,908 1,890 h. 3,489 3,589 3,458

1,806 < _____________ < 1,812 3,469 < _____________ < 3,579

4. Compare. Write < , > , or = in the box.

a. 700 + 50 700 + 30 + 4 b. 500 + 6000 6000 + 500

c. 20 + 3000 300 + 2000 d. 900 + 8 9000 + 8

e. 4000 + 80 80 + 4 + 800 f. 30 + 6000 + 3 300 + 60 + 3000

g. 800 + 7000 + 2 700 + 80 + 7000

h. 500 + 3000 + 80 + 6 6 + 80 + 500 + 3000

5. Write the numbers in order from smallest to greatest. The number line can help.

3899 3040 4330 4203 4003

______________ < _______________ < ______________ < ______________ < ______________

15
 Mental Adding and Subtracting
1. Skip-count by one hundred.

5000, 5100, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________

2800, 2900, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________

Solve the problem 2700 + 200 by adding 27 + 2 = 29.

That is because 2700 is 27 hundreds, and 200 is 2 hundreds.
So, the answer is 29 hundreds, or 2900 (tag two zeros to 29).

2. Whole hundreds! It means they end in two zeros.

a. ten hundreds = 1000 b. _____ hundreds = 5600

21 hundreds = ____________ _____ hundreds = 7900

42 hundreds = ____________ _____ hundreds = 8000

3. Add and subtract. Think of the whole hundreds.

a. 5000 + 200 = ____________ b. 2900 + 200 = ____________

5100 + 400 = ____________ 3100 + 300 = ____________

c. 6800 + 400 = __________ d. 5600 – 200 = __________

3800 + 800 = __________ 4500 – 300 = __________

e. 8000 – 200 = __________ f. 7900 + 800 = __________

8000 – 700 = __________ 8500 + 700 = __________

g. 2200 – 600 = __________ h. 9800 – 700 = __________

3500 – 600 = __________ 1300 – 300 = __________

16
4. Complete the next whole thousand.

a. 600 + ______ = 1000 b. 6600 + ______ = _____________

2500 + ______ = 3000 2400 + ______ = _____________

c. 500 + ______ = _____________ d. 8200 + ______ = _____________

9200 + ______ = _____________ 7300 + ______ = _____________

5. Add and subtract. Again, think of the whole hundreds.

a. 5000 + 1200 = ____________ b. 2700 + 3200 = ____________

5100 + 2400 = ____________ 3100 + 6300 = ____________

c. 2500 + 2500 = ____________ d. 1600 + 1700 = ____________

3500 + 3500 = ____________ 3600 + 4500 = ____________

6. Mark flew in an airplane 3,200 km from his hometown to Phoenix.

Then he drove in a car 300 km to see his grandma.
How long was his trip one way?

How long was his trip both ways?

7. Solve (find the number that the symbol stands for).

a. 1,200 + = 1,500 b. 5,600 + = 6,100 c. 7,700 − = 7,200

= ____________ = ____________ = ____________

d. 9,000 − = 2,500 e. − 400 = 6,500 f. − 4,400 = 3,000

= ____________ = ____________ = ____________

17
 Unknown in addition or subtraction

We can write ? or or some other symbol for the unknown thing in an addition
or subtraction sentence. Study the examples.

A used van costs $4,000. Dad pays $1,700 of it now and the rest later.
How much is left to pay later?
Maybe you can solve this in your head, but even so, let's learn to write a number
sentence with an unknown. We can write an addition: $1700 + ? = $4,000.
We could also write a subtraction: $4000 − $1,700 = ?
Solution: He will pay $2,300 later.

8. Write an addition or a subtraction for each problem. Use ? or for the unknown thing.

a. An expensive camera costs $5,000. Ashley has saved $3,700.

How much more money does she still need?

b. A jogging track is 4,200 feet long. Through it, there is a shortcut that
shortens it to only 3,100 feet. How much does the shortcut shorten
the track?

c. Josh jogs around the track using the shortcut, three times.
How many feet did he jog in total?

d. From his paycheck, Denny pays $500 in taxes. Then he pays $700 as rent.
Now he has $1,000 left. How much is his paycheck?

e. A car dealer was going to sell a car for $800, but then he doubled the price.
Then a customer came, and he told the customer, “I will take some money off the price.”
So, the customer paid $1,200. How much did the dealer take off the price?

18
9. Count by tens.

a. 4000, 4010, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________

b. __________, __________, 1740, 1750, __________, ___________
c. __________, __________, 3370, 3380, __________, __________

10. Add and subtract, and compare the problems.

a. 100 + 20 = ____________ b. 220 + 40 = ____________

5100 + 20 = ____________ 4220 + 40 = ____________

c. 140 – 90 = ____________ d. 230 – 30 = ____________

4140 – 90 = ____________ 4230 – 30 = ____________

11. Add and subtract. Below, you can write a helping problem without the thousands.

a. 4980 + 20 = _________ b. 7210 + 90 = _________

980 + 2 0 = _________

c. 7760 – 30 = _________ d. 5540 + 50 = _________

What
numbers 4550 – + = 4560
can go
into the – + –
puzzle?
+ + = 50

+ – +

+ + = 100

= = =
4580 30 60

19
 Add 4-Digit Numbers with Regrouping
Add thousands in their own column. Regrouping (carrying) is done the same way as before.
You might have to regroup three times: in the tens, in the hundreds, and in the thousands.

1 1 1

5 8 7 9 3 3 7 1 4 7 6 8
+ 2 5 4 4 + 3 9 9 8 + 2 6 5 5

8 4 2 3

Here we regroup Finish these examples yourself

three times. and ask your teacher to check.

1. Add. It helps to add those numbers first which make ten (if any)!

a. 5 0 9 1 b. 2 3 9 3 c. 5 8 0 2
+ 5 1 0 + 4 7 1 6 + 1 8 7 0

d. 6 0 9 8 e. 2 2 5 5 f. 3 6 2
1 0 3 4 3 4 5 2 3 8 9
+ 2 5 4 + 2 1 7 0 + 4 0 6 7

g. 4 5 6 h. 1 6 5 9 i. 3 7 3
7 3 2 8 1 9 9 2 8 8
1 1 3 4 2 6 7 5 2 1 7
+ 5 5 4 + 6 0 3 7 + 3 3 9 9

20
2. Add. Be careful to line up the ones, tens, hundreds, and thousands.

a. 34 + 2,382 + 391 + 77 + 3,409 b. 450 + 349 + 3,822 + 39 + 8

3. Solve.

a. Find the total bill when David buys two b. An airplane ticket for an adult is $655.
adult airplane tickets for $1,250 each and A child's ticket is $200 cheaper. Find the
three children's tickets for $698 each. cost of two tickets for adults and two
tickets for children.

3 5 2 9
+ 1 9 + 3 6
What numbers
are missing? 9 0 8 1 5 4 1 7

21
 Subtract 4-Digit Numbers with Regrouping
We can't subtract 4 tens from We can't subtract 2 hundreds Check
3 tens, so we need to regroup from 0 hundreds, so we need by adding.
one hundred as 10 tens. to regroup 1 thousand as
10 hundreds. Complete.
10
0 13 0 13 4 0 13
5 1 3 9 5 1 3 9 5 1 3 9 5 1 3 9 9
– 2 2 4 4 – 2 2 4 4 – 2 2 4 4 – 2 2 4 4 + 2 2 4 4

5 5 9 5 9 5

1. Subtract. Check by adding.

a. 5 0 9 1 b. 2 9 1 3
– 5 1 0 + – 1 7 1 6 +

c. 8 4 0 2 d. 6 8 8 1
– 1 3 7 8 + – 9 1 1 +

e. 6 5 4 6 f. 9 0 8 0
– 3 4 9 0 + – 5 0 2 5 +

g. 4 5 0 9 h. 6 2 0 9
– 1 1 1 6 + – 2 0 6 5 +

22
 Regrouping with zeros

We can't subtract There are no tens nor Then we regroup Lastly, we regroup 1 ten
5 ones from 4, hundreds, so we need 1 hundred as 10 as 10 ones. There are
so we need to to regroup 1 thousand tens. already 4 ones, so we
regroup. as 10 hundreds. get 14 ones. Subtract.
9 9 9
8 10 8 10 10 8 10 10 14
9 0 0 4 9 0 0 4 9 0 0 4 9 0 0 4
– 3 6 5 5 – 3 6 5 5 – 3 6 5 5 – 3 6 5 5

2. Subtract. Check by adding.

a. 4 0 0 2 b. 6 1 2 0
– 2 2 1 6 + – 3 8 4 4 +

c. 4 3 0 3 d. 7 0 1 1
– 4 0 0 8 + – 9 1 2 +

e. 5 0 1 3 f. 9 0 0 1
– 2 4 9 0 + – 4 0 7 5 +

g. 3 3 0 0 h. 8 0 0 5
– 1 4 0 1 + – 1 7 7 9 +

23
3. Solve.

a. 4,908 – 203 – 1,420

b. 9,000 – (3,450 + 593)

c. 3,924 + 291 + 2,932 – 2,910

d. Solve what number the triangle represents:

– 5,480 = 1,027.

24
4. Three villages form a triangle. The
distance between Riverville and
Middleville is 3,200 meters, between
Middleville and Highville 1,900 m,
and between Highville and Riverville
4,200 m.

a. Write the distances between the villages

on the map.

b. What is the total distance from Riverville to

Highville to Middleville and back to Riverville?

c. How many more meters is a round trip from Middleville

to Riverville and back than from Highville to Middleville
and back?

What numbers are missing?

3 5 8 9 6 9 0 3
– 1 9 – 3 6 – 2 2 – 2 8

1 6 6 4 4 7 1 8 2 7 8 4 4 1 3 6

25
 Rounding to the Nearest Hundred
When we round to the nearest hundred, the numbers “residing” in the red areas (up to 850)
on the number line are rounded to 800. The numbers in the blue areas are rounded to 900.

Again, distance matters. Numbers from 801 to 849 are closer to 800 than to 900.
Numbers from 851 to 899 are closer to 900 than to 800. And the “middle guy,” 850, is
rounded up to 900: 850 ≈ 900.

1. Mark the numbers as dots on the number line (approximately) and round them to either 800
or 900.

a. b. c. d.

804 ≈ _________ 825 ≈ _________ 860 ≈ _________ 808 ≈ _________

859 ≈ _________ 850 ≈ _________ 847 ≈ _________ 892 ≈ _________

When rounding to the nearest hundred, look at the TENS DIGIT of the number.
• If that digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, you will round down to the previous hundred.
• If that digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, you will round up to the next hundred.

728 ≈ ? The tens digit 471 ≈ ? The tens digit 956 ≈ ? The tens digit
is 2, so round down: is 7, so round up: is 5, so round up:

728 ≈ 700 471 ≈ 500 956 ≈ 1000

2. Round these numbers to the nearest hundred.

a. b. c. d.

416 ≈ _________ 529 ≈ _________ 670 ≈ _________ 254 ≈ _________

837 ≈ _________ 960 ≈ _________ 557 ≈ _________ 147 ≈ _________

26
 Things work similarly on this number line when rounding to the nearest hundred:
• Numbers up to 2,450 (the middle number) are rounded down to 2,400.
• Numbers after 2,450 are rounded up to 2,500.
• And the “middle guy,” 2,450, is rounded up.

3. Round these numbers to 2,400 or to 2,500. You can use the number line above to help you.

a. b. c. d.

2,412 ≈ _______ 2,429 ≈ _______ 2,478 ≈ ________ 2,490 ≈ ________

Rounding rules

When rounding to the nearest hundred, look at the TENS DIGIT of the number.

If the tens digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, you will If that digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, you will

round down to the previous hundred. round up to the next hundred.

728 ≈ ? The tens digit is 2, so round down: 471 ≈ ? The tens digit is 7, so round up:

728 ≈ 700 471 ≈ 500

Notice: the hundreds digit does not change. Notice: the hundreds digit increases by
one, from 4 to 5.

Whether you round up or down, the tens and ones digits change to zeros.

4. Round these numbers to the nearest hundred.

a. 6,216 ≈ __________ b. 5,923 ≈ __________ c. 1,670 ≈ __________

d. 8,254 ≈ __________ e. 8,019 ≈ __________ f. 2,157 ≈ __________

g. 1,772 ≈ __________ h. 6,849 ≈ __________ i. 801 ≈ __________

j. 255 ≈ __________ k. 9,562 ≈ __________ l. 3,501 ≈ __________

27
 Note especially! 4,952 ≈ ?
Now the tens digit is 5, so we round up. The hundreds digit (9) increases by one
(to ten hundreds). But we can't change 9 to 10 or we would get 41052!
Instead, those ten hundreds make a new thousand, so the thousands digit is incremented
by one. It is as if '49' changes to '50'. So, we get 4 , 9 5 2 ≈ 5 , 0 0 0

5. Round these numbers to the nearest hundred.

a. 6,986 ≈ __________ b. 5,973 ≈ __________ c. 1,981 ≈ __________

d. 4,945 ≈ __________ e. 2,932 ≈ __________ f. 9,969 ≈ __________

g. 966 ≈ __________ h. 9,982 ≈ __________ i. 798 ≈ __________

6. Round these numbers to the nearest hundred. a. e.

Place each answer in the cross-number puzzle.

Across: Down: b.

a. 2,264 ≈ _______ e. 3,709 ≈ _______ h.

b. 4,973 ≈ _______ f. 672 ≈ _______ f. g.

c. 4,248 ≈ _______ g. 5,370 ≈ _______ c.

d. 545 ≈ _______ h. 8,816 ≈ _______

d.

7. Fill in, using rounded numbers. Spam Emails Mary Received

a. Usually, Mary receives about Date Spams round to nearest 100

__________ spam emails daily, but on Mo 5/7 125

5/9 she got about ___________ spams. Tu 5/8 97

Wd 5/9 316
b. During the work week from 5/7 till 5/11
Th 5/10 118
she received about __________ spams.
Fr 5/11 106

28
 Rounding

When you are rounding to the nearest ten,

look at the ONES DIGIT of the number.
• If the ones digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, then round down.
• If the ones digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, then round up.
• If you round up, the tens digit increases by one. When the number is exactly in
the middle, round up. 85 ≈ 90.
The sign “ ≈ ” is read “is about”, or “is approximately”. (This is just a convention.)

You can draw a line after the digit whose place you are rounding to. The digit or digits after the line
will become zeros.

2 5 6 ≈ 2 6 0 (up) 8 4 ≈ 8 0 (down) 3 , 2 8 7 ≈ 3 , 2 9 0 (up) 9 , 8 5 4 ≈ 9 , 8 5 0 (down)

Notice carefully: If you are rounding up, and the tens digit is already 9, look at the two digits
just before your line, and increase that “number” by one:

3 , 2 9 7 ≈ 3 , 3 0 0 (up) 7 9 5 ≈ 8 0 0 (up) 3 , 0 9 8 ≈ 3 , 1 0 0 (up)

It is as if the “29” formed by the hundreds and The “79” The “09”
tens changes into “30”—exactly one more. changes to “80”. changes to “10”.
(In reality it is “29” tens changing to “30” tens.)

1. Round the numbers to the nearest ten. The number line can help.

a. 294 ≈ ________ b. 315 ≈ ________ c. 278 ≈ ________ d. 285 ≈ ________

e. 315 ≈ ________ f. 296 ≈ ________ g. 304 ≈ ________ h. 207 ≈ ________

2. Round these numbers to the nearest ten.

a. 526 ≈ ________ b. 34 ≈ ________ c. 181 ≈ ________

d. 197 ≈ ________ e. 705 ≈ ________ f. 392 ≈ ________

g. 440 ≈ ________ h. 5,971 ≈ ________ i. 9,568 ≈ ________

j. 4,061 ≈ ________ k. 2,282 ≈ ________ l. 4,003 ≈ ________

29
 Find the whole hundred that is nearest to 539. Rounded to the nearest hundred, 539 ≈ __________.

When you are rounding to the nearest hundred, look at the TENS DIGIT.
• If the tens digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, then round down.
• If the tens digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, then round up.
• The rounded result is a whole hundred so it ends in two zeros.
• The hundreds digit changes by one if you round up.

You can draw a line after the digit whose place you are rounding to.
The digits after the line will become zeros.
5 62 ≈ 6 00 2 4 8 ≈ 2 0 0 (down) 1 , 2 9 0 ≈ 1 , 3 0 0 (up) 5 , 4 2 8 ≈ 5 , 4 0 0 (down)

Notice carefully: If you are rounding up, and the hundreds digit is already 9, look at the two digits
just before your line, and increase that “number” by one:

5 , 9 9 2 ≈ 6 , 0 0 0 (up) 6 , 9 7 1 ≈ 7 , 0 0 0 (up) 1 2 , 9 6 1 ≈ 1 3 , 0 0 0 (up)

It is as if the “59” formed by the thousands and The “69” The “29”
hundreds changes into “60”—exactly one more. changes to “70”. changes to “30”.

3. Round the numbers to the nearest hundred.

a. 3,520 ≈ _________ b. 3,709 ≈ _________ c. 3,935 ≈ _________

d. 3,541 ≈ _________ e. 3,962 ≈ _________ f. 3,425 ≈ _________

4. Round these numbers to the nearest hundred.

a. 526 ≈ ________ b. 54 ≈ ________ c. 761 ≈ ________

d. 197 ≈ ________ e. 706 ≈ ________ f. 365 ≈ ________

g. 2,907 ≈ ________ h. 5,971 ≈ ________ i. 7,543 ≈ ________

j. 3,032 ≈ ________ k. 2,959 ≈ ________ l. 4,014 ≈ ________

30
 Rounded to the nearest thousand, 4,772 ≈ 5,000.

When you are rounding to the nearest thousand, look at the HUNDREDS DIGIT.
• If the hundreds digit is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, then round down.
• If the hundreds digit is 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, then round up.
• The rounded result is a whole thousand so it ends in three zeros.
• The thousands digit changes by one if you round up.

You can draw a line after the thousands digit. The digits after the line will become zeros.

2, 723 ≈ 3,000 (up) 9, 804 ≈ 10,000 (up) 7 288 ≈ 7,000 (down) 457 ≈ 0 (down)

5. Round the numbers to the nearest thousand.

a. 3,520 ≈ _________ b. 6,709 ≈ _________ c. 5,499 ≈ _________

d. 7,230 ≈ _________ e. 2,800 ≈ _________ f. 4,087 ≈ _________

6. Round these numbers to the nearest thousand.

a. 526 ≈ ________ b. 54 ≈ ________ c. 761 ≈ ________

d. 4,197 ≈ ________ e. 5,672 ≈ ________ f. 3,099 ≈ ________

g. 2,907 ≈ ________ h. 5,502 ≈ ________ i. 9,397 ≈ ________

j. 9,605 ≈ ________ k. 2,553 ≈ ________ l. 1,047 ≈ ________

7. Round these numbers to the nearest ten, nearest hundred, and nearest thousand.

n 55 2,602 9,829 495 709 5,328

rounded to
nearest 10
rounded to
nearest 100
rounded to
nearest 1000

31
 Estimating
Estimating means that we Do not calculate Estimate: Calculate exactly:
the exact answer to a math problem, but
instead we use rounded numbers in the 303 + 2,278 1
calculation. 3 0 3
↓ ↓ + 2 2 7 8
The answer we get that way is called the 300 + 2,300 = 2,600
estimate. It is close to the real answer. 2 5 8 1

1. Estimate these additions and subtractions by rounding the numbers to the nearest hundred.
On the right, calculate the exact answer.

a. Estimate: Calculate
exactly:
569 + 234 5 6 9
+ 2 3 4
↓ ↓

600 + = _________

b. Estimate: Calculate
exactly:
8,155 + 424 8 1 5 5
+ 4 2 4
↓ ↓
+ = _________

c. Estimate: Calculate
exactly:
577 – 125 5 7 7
– 1 2 5
↓ ↓
– = _________

d. Estimate: Calculate
exactly:
7,028 – 465 7 0 2 8
– 4 6 5
↓ ↓
– = _________

32
2. Estimate these additions and subtractions by rounding the numbers to the nearest hundred.
On the right, calculate the exact answer.

a. Estimate: Calculate
exactly:
5,171 + 568 5 1 7 1
+ 5 6 8
↓ ↓
+ = _________

b. Estimate: Calculate
exactly:
4,162 + 3,439 4 1 6 2
+3 4 3 9
↓ ↓
+ = _________

c. Estimate: Calculate
exactly:
7,577 – 2,947 7 5 7 7
– 2 9 4 7
↓ ↓
– = _________

d. Estimate: Calculate
exactly:
756 + 4,178 + 836
↓ ↓ ↓
+ + = _________

e. Estimate: 8,295 – 5,538 – 1,150 – 924

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
– – – = _________

e.
Calculate
exactly:

Now check. Were your estimations close to the real answers?

33
3. Elisa's estimates are kind of far from her answers. Find where Elisa has made an error.

a. Elisa's estimate: Elisa's

work:
6,540 – 259 6 5 4 0
– 2 5 9
↓ ↓
6 3 9 1
6500 – 300 = 6200

b. Elisa's estimate: Elisa's

work:
3,834 – 1,260 3 8 3 4
– 1 2 6 0
↓ ↓
2 9 7 4
3800 – 1300 = 2500

c. Elisa's estimate: Elisa's

work:
3,874 + 1,990 3 8 7 4
+ 1 9 9 0
↓ ↓
4 8 6 4
3900 + 2000 = 5900

4. Here is a typical Colombian

shopping list. The amounts are Rounded
in pesos. numbers:
rice 1 kg 2750
Estimate the total of this shopping
list. First round each price to the parsley 449
nearest hundred, and then add.
potatoes 1876
The exact bill is 8823 pesos.
Compare your estimate and the tomatoes 1564
exact total.
bananas 1238
Was your estimation close?
onions 946

TOTAL 8823

34
 Word Problems
Find the change when Daniel buys a lawn mower for $1,589 and pays with $2,000.
Also, estimate the answer using rounded numbers.

For the estimation, we use rounded numbers. 1,589 ≈ 1,600. The estimate 9 9
is $2,000 − $1,600 = $400. So, the change should be about $400. 1 10 10 10
2 0 0 0
We use the estimated answer ($400) to check if our final answer is
reasonable. Subtracting the exact numbers (on the right), we get $411 as −1 5 8 9
the change. That is reasonable because it is close to our estimate of $400. 4 1 1

1. Latoya bought a fridge for $1,158 and a freezer for $745. She paid with $2,000.
What was her change?

Also, estimate the answer

using rounded numbers.
My estimate:

________________

2. A new motorcycle costs $8,740 and a used one $1,295.

What is the price difference?

Also, estimate the answer using rounded numbers.

My estimate: ________________

3. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, and 4, build the largest

and the smallest number possible.

What is the difference of the two?

35
 4. Can you buy three air conditioners at $979 each, for $3,000?
If yes, how much will be left over?
If no, how much more money would you need?

5. A store owner bought four washer/dryer machines

for $1,109 each. Then he got $500 off his total
bill (a discount). Find what he had to pay.

Also, estimate the answer using rounded numbers:

My estimate: ________________

6. Jack is a fisherman. The pictograph Fish Catches

shows how many kilograms of fish
he caught last week. Monday

Each represents 200 kg of fish. Wednesday

Friday

Sunday

a. How many kilograms of fish did he catch on Wednesday?

b. How many kilograms of fish did he catch on Friday?

c. How many more kilograms of fish did he catch

on Friday than on Monday?

d. How many kilograms of fish did he catch in total

during this week?

36
7. Alex checked the price of a certain TV in four different stores. Price

a. Draw a bar graph from his results. Bob's TV Store $525

The Nerdy Store $564

b. How much is the difference between
the most and the least expensive TV? Home Express $632

Lion Appliances $599

What numbers are missing from the additions and subtractions?

5 7 0 1 6 9 8 8
— 5 5 — 2 7 + 0 0 + 2 7

3 6 8 4 3 5 4 2 9 7 7 4 4 9 0 0

37
 Review
1. Fill in the table.

a. seven thousand b. Six thousand c. Two thousand

two hundred forty five twenty-nine

T H T O T H T O T H T O

2. These numbers are written as sums. Write them in the normal way.

a. 7000 + 500 + 3 = _____________ b. 30 + 1000 + 7 = _______________

3000 + 90 = _______________ 400 + 6000 = _______________

3. Compare. Write < , > , or = in the box.

a. 7000 + 50 5000 + 7 b. 500 + 4 + 6000 6000 + 400 + 5

c. 80 + 3000 3000 + 200 d. 400 + 80 8000 + 40

4. Add and subtract mentally.

a. 1,200 + 700 = __________ b. 3,600 – 300 = __________

400 + 6,800 = __________ 4,200 – 500 = __________

c. 7,200 + _________ = 8,000 d. 3,400 + 1,500 = __________

8,000 – _________ = 7,100 7,500 + 800 = __________

5. Solve (find the number that the symbol stands for).

a. 3,400 + = 4,100 b. − 600 = 9,200 c. 10,000 − = 8,500

= ____________ = ____________ = ____________

38
6. Round these numbers to the nearest hundred.

a. b. c. d.

872 ≈ ________ 5,253 ≈ ________ 6,034 ≈ ________ 2,739 ≈ ________

7. Add and subtract. Estimate first by rounding the numbers to the nearest hundred.

a. Estimate: Calculate
2,540 + 1,803 exactly:

↓ ↓
+ = _________

b. Estimate: Calculate
6,581 – 736 exactly:

↓ ↓
– = _________

8. Solve the word problems.

a. Dad bought wood for construction for $1,616, paint

for $278, and other materials for $969. Find his total bill.
Also, estimate the answer using rounded numbers.

My estimate: ________________

b. You have $5,000 to spend. First,

you buy a pump for $278 and then
some cement for $1,250. How
much do you have left after that?
Also, estimate the answer using
rounded numbers.
My estimate: ________________

39
 Math Mammoth Place Value 3 Answer Key
Thousands, p. 6
1. a. 1312 b. 1130 c. 1057 d. 1502 e. 2330 f. 3478
2. a. 1256 b. 3594 c. 4617 d. 9822 e. 6211 f. 5799
3. a. 1001 b. 2005 c. 4061 d. 3012 e. 6200 f. 5090
g. 1103 h. 7506 i. 5800 j. 2011 k. 2320 l. 9032
4. The numbers for the number lines are:
1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011
1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100
1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461
1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334
5.
1010 1020 1030 1040 1050
1060 1070 1080 1090 1100
1110 1120 1130 1140 1150
1160 1170 1180 1190 1200
1210 1220 1230 1240 1250

Four-Digit Numbers and Place Value, p. 10

1.

a. 1,034 = 1 thousand 0 hundreds 3 tens 4 ones

= 1000 + 0 + 30 + 4

b. 5,670 = 5 thousand 6 hundreds 7 tens 0 ones

= 5000 + 600 + 70 + 0

c. 3,508 = 3 thousand 5 hundreds 0 tens 8 ones

= 3,000 + 500 + 0 + 8

d. 8,389 = 8 thousand 3 hundreds 8 tens 9 ones

= 8,000 + 300 + 80 + 9

e. 9,007 = 9 thousand 0 hundreds 0 tens 7 ones

= 9,000 + 0 + 0 + 7

f. 7,214 = 7 thousand 2 hundreds 1 tens 4 ones

= 7,000 + 200 + 10 + 4

40
Four-Digit Numbers and Place Value, cont.
2.
a. five thousand b. Six thousand c. Six thousand
nine hundred ninety sixteen three hundred three
T H T O T H T O T H T O
5 9 9 0 6 0 1 6 6 3 0 3

d. Eight thousand e. Nine thousand f. Ten thousand

seven hundred two hundred forty-five
ten
thou- T H T O
T H T O T H T O sands
8 7 0 0 9 2 4 5 1 0 0 0 0

3. a. 2,090; 3,200 b. 8,005; 1,087 c. 8,220; 2,598 d. 4,050; 2,807

4. a. 3 b. 600 c. 50 d. 2,000
5. a. 6,048 , 6,049, 6,050 b. 2,323 , 2,324, 2,325 c. 1,799 , 1,800, 1,801
d. 8,808 , 8,809, 8,810 e. 7,384 , 7,385, 7,386 f. 9,243 , 9,244, 9,245
6. a. 4,907 b. 8,586 c. 2,047 d. 4,620 e. 7,808 f. 5,060 g. 3,004 h. 9,500
7. a. 8,000 b. 6 c. 500 d. 40

8.

9.
10. The number in the middle is 5,826. 11. Solutions vary; the one below is
just one example.
5000 + 200 + 3 + 3 = 5206
+ + + +
11 + 3000 + 7 + 60 = 3078
+ + + +
5 + 20 + 1000 + 900 = 1925
+ + + +
6 + 15 + 398 + 13 = 432
= = = =
5022 3235 1408 976

41
Which Number is Greater?, p. 14
1. a. 8,500 b. 5,700 c. 8,400 d. 3,500 e. 5,100 f. 2,770
g. 3,811 h. 5,743 i. 7,011 j. 6,101 k. 9,834 l. 9,603
2.
a. b. c. d.
1,050 < 5,095 220 < 1,020 1,307 > 1,032 4,012 < 4,284
2,400 < 2,750 8,060 > 6,999 4,906 < 6,029 5,008 < 5,040
6,005 > 4,500 1,007 < 1,705 5,077 < 5,570 1,890 < 1,897

3. a. 7,550 b. 2,338 c. 7,099 d. 1,212

e. 8,502 f. 4,111 g. 1,809 h. 3,489
4.
a. 700 + 50 > 700 + 30 + 4 b. 500 + 6000 = 6000 + 500

c. 20 + 3000 > 300 + 2000 d. 900 + 8 < 9000 + 8

e. 4000 + 80 > 80 + 4 + 800 f. 30 + 6000 + 3 > 300 + 60 + 3000

g. 800 + 7000 + 2 > 700 + 80 + 7000

h. 500 + 3000 + 80 + 6 = 6 + 80 + 500 + 3000

5. 3040 < 3899 < 4003 < 4203 < 4330

Mental Adding and Subtracting, p. 16

1. 5000, 5100, 5200, 5300, 5400, 5500
2800, 2900, 3000, 3100, 3200, 3300
2.
a. ten hundreds = 1000 b. 56 hundreds = 5600
21 hundreds = 2100 79 hundreds = 7900
42 hundreds = 4200 80 hundreds = 8000

3.
a. 5000 + 200 = 5,200 b. 2900 + 200 = 3,100
5100 + 400 = 5,500 3100 + 300 = 3,400
c. 6800 + 400 = 7,200 d. 5600 – 200 = 5,400
3800 + 800 = 4,600 4500 – 300 = 4,200
e. 8000 – 200 = 7,800 f. 7900 + 800 = 7,100
8000 – 700 = 7,300 8500 + 700 = 9,200
g. 2200 – 600 = 1,600 h. 9800 – 700 = 9,100
3500 – 600 = 2,900 1300 – 300 = 1,000

4.
a. 600 + 400 = 1 0 0 0 b. 6600 + 400 = 7000
2500 + 500 = 3 0 0 0 2400 + 600 = 3000
c. 500 + 500 = 1000 d. 8200 + 800 = 9000
9200 + 800 = 10000 7300 + 700 = 8000

42
Mental Adding and Subtracting, cont.
5.
a. 5000 + 1200 = 6200 b. 2700 + 3200 = 5900
5100 + 2400 = 7500 3100 + 6300 = 9400
c. 2500 + 2500 = 5000 d. 1600 + 1700 = 3300
3500 + 3500 = 7000 3600 + 4500 = 8100

6. His trip was 3,500 km one way and 7,000 km both ways.

7. a. = 300 b. = 500 c. = 500 d. = 6,500 e. = 6,900 f. = 7,400

8. a. $3,700 + ? = $5,000 ? = $1,300; She still needs $1,300.

b. 4,200 – 3,100 = ? OR 3,100 + ? = 4,200 ? = 1,100; The shortcut shortens the track by 1,100 feet.
c. 3,100 + 3,100 + 3,100 = ? ? = 9,300; He jogged a total of 9,300 feet.
d. ? – $500 – $700 = $1,000 ? = $2,200; His paycheck is $2,200.
e. $800 + $800 – ? = $1,200 ? = $400; He took $400 off the price.

9. a. 4000, 4010, 4020, 4030, 4040, 4050

b. 1720, 1730, 1740, 1750, 1760, 1770
c. 3350, 3360, 3370, 3380, 3390, 3400
10.

a. 100 + 20 = 120 b. 220 + 40 = 260

5100 + 20 = 5120 4220 + 40 = 4260

c. 140 – 90 = 50 d. 230 – 30 = 200

4140 – 90 = 4050 4230 – 30 = 4200

11.
a. 4980 + 20 = 5000 b. 7210 + 90 = 7300
980 + 20 = 1000 210 + 90 = 300
c. 7760 – 30 = 7730 d. 5540 + 50 = 5590
760 – 30 = 730 540 + 50 = 590

Puzzle corner. The puzzle has MANY possible solutions. 4550 – 14 + 24 = 4560
Basically you just pick one number at will and start filling – + –
the puzzle in, and if you run into a difficulty, you change
the number. This is just an example solution. 0 + 30 + 20 = 50
+ – +
30 + 14 + 56 = 100
= = =
4580 30 60

43
Add 4-Digit Numbers with Regrouping, p. 20
1. a. 5601 b. 7109 c. 7672 d. 7386 e. 4770 f. 6818 g. 9472 h. 8162 i. 9277
2. a. 6,293 b. 4,668
3. a. The total is $4,594. b. The total cost is $2,220.

Puzzle corner: 3 9 5 2 2 9 8 1
+ 5 1 2 9 + 2 4 3 6

9 0 8 1 5 4 1 7

Subtract 4-Digit Numbers with Regrouping, p. 22

1. a. 4,581 Check: 4,581 + 510 = 5,091 b. 1,197 Check: 1,197 + 1,716 = 2,913
c. 7,024 Check: 7,024 + 1,378 = 8,402 d. 5,970 Check: 5,970 + 911 = 6,881
e. 3,056 Check: 3,056 + 3,490 = 6,546 f. 4,055 Check: 4,055 + 5,025 = 9,080
g. 3,393 Check: 3,393 + 1,116 = 4,509 h. 4,144 Check: 4,144 + 2,065 = 6,209
2. a. 1,786 b. 2,276 c. 295 d. 6,099 e. 2,523 f. 4,926 g. 1,899 h. 6,226

3. a. 3,285 b. 4,957 c. 4,237 d. = 6,507

4. a.

b. The total distance is 9,300 m.

c. 2,600 m more
Puzzle corner:
3 8 5 3 8 9 5 4 6 0 0 9 7 0 0 3
– 2 1 8 9 – 4 2 3 6 – 3 2 2 5 – 2 8 6 7

1 6 6 4 4 7 1 8 2 7 8 4 4 1 3 6

Rounding to the Nearest Hundred, p. 26

1. a. 800, 900 b. 800, 900 c. 900, 800 d. 800, 900

2. a. 400, 800 b. 500, 1,000 c. 700, 600 d. 300, 100

44
Rounding to the Nearest Hundred, cont.
3. a. 2,400 b. 2,400 c. 2,500 d. 2,500
4. a. 6,200 b. 5,900 c. 1,700 d. 8,300 e. 8,000 f. 2,200
g. 1,800 h. 6,800 i. 800 j. 300 k. 9,600 l. 3,500
5. a. 7,000 b. 6,000 c. 2,000 d. 4,900 e. 2,900 f. 10,000 g. 1,000 h. 10,000 i. 800
6. Across: Down: a. 2 e. 3 0 0
a. 2,264 ≈ 2,300 e. 3,709 ≈ 3,700
b. 4,973 ≈ 5,000 f. 672 ≈ 700 7
c. 4,248 ≈ 4,200 g. 5,370 ≈ 5,400 b. 5 0 0 0
d. 545 ≈ 500 h. 8,816 ≈ 8,800 0 h. 8
f. 7 g. 5 8
0 c. 4 2 0 0
0 0 0
d. 5 0 0

7. a. Usually, Mary receives about Spam Emails

100 spam emails daily, but on Mary Received
5/9 she got about 300 spams.
round to
b. During the work week from 5/7 till 5/11 Date Spams
nearest 100
she received about 700 spams.
Mo 5/7 125 100
Tu 5/8 97 100
Wd 5/9 316 300
Th 5/10 118 100
Fr 5/11 106 100

Rounding, p. 29
1. a. 290 b. 320 c. 280 d. 290 e. 320 f. 300 g. 300 h. 210
2. a. 530 b. 30 c. 180 d. 200 e. 710 f. 390
g. 440 h. 5,970 i. 9,570 j. 4,060 k. 2,280 l. 4,000
3. a. 3,500 b. 3,700 c. 3,900 d. 3,500 e. 4,000 f. 3,400
4. a. 500 b. 100 c. 800 d. 200 e. 700 f. 400
g. 2,900 h. 6,000 i. 7,500 j. 3,000 k. 3,000 l. 4,000
5. a. 4,000 b. 7,000 c. 5,000 d. 7,000 e. 3,000 f. 4,000
6. a. 1,000 b. 0 c. 1,000 d. 4,000 e. 6,000 f. 3,000 g. 3,000 h. 6,000
i. 9,000 j. 10,000 k. 3,000 l. 1,000
7.
n 55 2,602 9,829 495 709 5,328
rounded to nearest 10 60 2,600 9,830 500 710 5,330
rounded to nearest 100 100 2,600 9,800 500 700 5,300
rounded to nearest 1000 0 3,000 10,000 0 1,000 5,000

45
Estimating, p. 32
1.

a. Estimate: 569 + 234 569

Calculate + 234
↓ ↓ exactly:
600 + 200 = 800 803

b. Estimate: 8,155 + 424 8155

Calculate + 424
↓ ↓ exactly:
8,200 + 400 = 8,600 8579

c. Estimate: 577 – 125 577

Calculate – 125
↓ ↓ exactly:
600 – 100 = 500 452

d. Estimate: 7,028 – 465 7028

Calculate – 465
↓ ↓ exactly:
7,000 – 500 = 6,500 6563

2.

a. Estimate: 5,171 + 568 5171

Calculate + 568
↓ ↓ exactly:
5739
5,200 + 600 = 5,800

b. Estimate: 4,162 + 3,439 4162

Calculate + 343
↓ ↓ exactly: 9
4,200 + 3,400 = 7,600 7601

c. Estimate: 7,577 – 2,947 577

Calculate – 2 9 4 7
↓ ↓ exactly:
4630
7,600 – 2,900 = 4,700

d. 756
756 + 4,178 + 836 Calculate 4178
Estimate:
exactly: + 836
↓ ↓ ↓
5770
800 + 4,200 + 800 = 5,800

e. Estimate: 8,295 – 5,538 – 1,150 – 924

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

8,300 – 5,500 – 1,200 – 900 = 700

8295 2757 1607

Calculate exactly: – 5538 – 1150 – 924
2757 1607 683
Instead of three subtractions, you could also add 5,538 + 1,150 + 924,
and then subtract that sum from 8,295.
Now check. Were your estimations close to the real answers?
Yes.

46
Estimating, cont.
3.
13
4 3 10
Elisa’s 6540 Correct 6 5 4 0
a. Here, Elisa makes an error in regrouping.
work: – 259 answer: – 2 5 9
6391 6 2 8 1

7 13
b. Elisa adds instead of subtracting Elisa’s 3834 Correct 3 8 3 4
in the hundreds. work: – 1260 answer: – 1 2 6 0
2974 2 5 7 4

1 1
c. Elisa forgets to add the regrouped Elisa’s 3874 Correct 3 8 7 4
1 thousand. work: + 1990 answer: + 1 9 9 0
4864 5 8 6 4

4. Yes, the estimation was close.

Rounded
numbers:
rice 1 kg 2750 2,800
parsley 449 400
potatoes 1876 1,900
tomatoes 1564 1,600
bananas 1238 1,200
onions 946 900

TOTAL 8823 8,800

Word Problems, p. 35
1. Estimate: $1,200 + $700 = $1,900; change $100. Exact: $2,000 – $1903 = $97
2. Estimate: $8,700 – $1,300 = $7,400. Exact: $8,740 – $1,295 = $7,445.
3. 4,321 – 1,234 = 3,087
4. Yes, you can. You can estimate: $979 is close to 1,000, so you can buy three of them for $3,000.
The total cost is $979 + $979+ $979 = $2,937. Change is $3,000 – $2,937 = $63. Or, you can solve the change
this way: $979 is $21 less than $1,000, so three of them cost 3 × $21 = $63 less than $3,000.
5. Estimate: $1,100 + $1,100 + $1,100 + $1,100 – $500 = $3,900.
Exact: The total bill is $1,109 + $1,109 + $1,109 + $1,109 – $500 = $3,936.
6. a. Wednesday he caught 1,300 kg of fish.
b. Friday, he caught 1,100 kg of fish.
c. He caught 500 kg more.
d. He caught 3,700 kg of fish during the week.

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7. a.

b. The difference is $632 – $525 = $107.

Puzzle corner:

5 2 3 7 6 3 0 1 6 7 6 9 2 1 8 8
– 1 5 5 3 – 2 7 5 9 + 3 0 0 5 + 2 7 1 2

3 6 8 4 3 5 4 2 9 7 7 4 4 9 0 0

Review, p. 38
1. a. 7,240 b. 6,005 c. 2,029
2. a. 7,503; 3,090 b. 1,037; 6,400
3. a. > b. > c. < d. <
4. 1,900; 7,200 b. 3,300; 3,700 c. 800; 900 d. 4,900; 8,300

5. a. = 700 b. = 9,800 c. = 1,500

6. a. 900 b. 5,300 c. 6,000 d. 2,700
7. a. Estimate: 2,500 + 1,800 = 4,300, Exact: 4,343 b. Estimate: 6,600 – 700 = 5,900, Exact: 5,845
8. a. Estimate: $1,600 + $300 + 1,000 = $2,900. Exact: $2,863.
b. Estimate: $5,000 – $300 – $1,300 = $3,400. Exact: $5,000 – $278 – $1,250 = $3,472.

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