Unit 1.1

APPROACH/ METHODS OF
ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION
PREPARED AND PRESENTED BY: AR. APURVA GOUR
Conservation
• It means all the processes of looking after a
place to retain its historical and/or architectural
and/or aesthetic and/or cultural significance
and includes maintenance, preservation,
restoration, reconstruction and adoption or a
combination of more than one of these.
Preservation
“Preservation” means and includes maintaining
the fabric of a place in its existing state and
retarding deterioration.
It focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and

repair of historic materials and features rather
than extensive replacement and new
construction.
Restoration
It means and includes returning the existing fabric of a
place to a known earlier state by removing accretions
or by reassembling existing components without
introducing new materials.
Reconstruction
• It means and includes returning a place as nearly as possible to a known earlier state
and distinguished by the introduction of materials (new or old) into the fabric.
• New material may include recycled material salvaged from other places. This should
not be to the detriment of any place of cultural significance.
• This shall not include either recreation or conjectural reconstruction.
Revitalization
• A process of economic, social and cultural
redevelopment of a civic area or neighborhood.
• Revitalization refers to bring back the essence

of tangible and intangible aspects which has
been diminishing on the urge of modernism.
• Heritage area revitalization concentrates on

historic buildings and other heritage resources
to achieve economic, social and cultural
objectives.
Rehabilitation
• It is usually carried out in order to
extend a building's life and/or its
economic viability.
• It may involve more adaptation than

conservation but will still preserve most
of the building's original features.
• It may involve upgrading, some

modification, remodeling, rebuilding or
retrofitting, and some repairs.
Renovation
• Renovation is refurbishing and/or adding to
the appearance of an original building or
elements of a building to "renew" its
appearance in keeping with contemporary
tastes and perceptions of conservation.
• Renovation means also to improve by repair,

to revive, and thereby enhance the usefulness
and appearance of the building. The basic
character and significant features are
respected and preserved, but some
alterations may take place which are generally
reversible.
Maintenance
• It means the continuous protective care of a

place, and its setting. Maintenance is to be
distinguished from repair which involves
restoration or reconstruction.
• Examples of protective care include

maintenance, regular inspection and cleaning
of a place, e.g., mowing and pruning in a
garden.
Adaptation or ADAPTIVE REUSE
• Adaptive Reuse refers to the process of reusing an old building that has been out of
use for a long time for a different purpose than what it was originally designed for.
• It means changing a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.

Principles of conservation
1.Retention or restoration of historical significance

2.Conservation process based on research
3.Minimum physical intervention
4.Maintenance of visual setting
1.Retention or restoration of historical significance
• The aim of conservation, as stated in the Burra Charter (ICOMOS), should be to

retain, recover or reveal as much of the historical significance as is possible of the
heritage object, whether building or artifact.
• Provision for its security, maintenance and future must be part of this aim. The
end use of the restored or conserved building is therefore of vital importance, as
any new use has to be compatible with the needs of the building.
2. Conservation process based on architectural
conservation
• It is important to know and understand the history of the building, and its current physical condition, prior to
the commencement of work.
• If this is not done, costly errors can be made and the completed project flawed.
3. Minimum physical intervention
• This means making the minimum change to an historic building or place, in order to retain wherever possible, the original fabric
and character.
• For example, repairing windows or shop fronts instead of replacing them.
• It means the careful striking of a balance between carrying out necessary repairs and eliminating problems, and preserving the
authentic sense of history that many buildings and places in Ireland still possess.
• Repair rather than replace, a logical outcome of the principle of minimum intervention is the concept of repair rather than
replace.
• The result is a more authentic building which preserves the feeling of age and history, and respects the fabric and original
craftsmanship.
• It must be emphasized that at first sight the appearances of decay and damage in a neglected building may be misleading to the
inexperienced eye.
• For instance, if parts of window joinery, or a cornice, are damaged beyond repair, and replacement is deemed necessary, then
the emphasis should be on accurate replacement. At this stage it is important
(1) to decide if the damaged or rotten portion is original,
(2) if so, a sample of any existing moulding should be kept and
(3) an exact copy should be made by a reputable craftsman.
It must be emphasized that very precise instructions, measurements and samples
need to be given to craftsmen or builders to ensure that what is meant to be an
exact copy does not turn out in the end to be a carelessly detailed imitation.
4. Maintenance of visual setting
• The setting of an historic building is integral with the whole and should be dealt with accordingly.
• This means that the lands of a country house, the original frame of a painting and the historic streetscape of a town are
all elements which should be conserved or restored where possible.
• In some instances maintenance of the setting may prove difficult in practical terms, but respect for the setting is of
paramount importance in conservation/restoration work.
REFERENCES:
• https://en.unesco.org/
• https://www.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.pdf
• http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2003/whc03-27com-20ae.rtf
• https://australia.icomos.org/publications/charters/
• https://www.dronah.org/
• http://www.aishwaryatipnisarchitects.com/
• http://www.understandingconservation.org/content/glossary-terms
• http://ip51.icomos.org/~fleblanc/documents/terminology/doc_terminology_e.html
• https://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/conservation/conservation.htm
• https://swayam.gov.in/nd1_noc20_ce14/preview
• http://www.understandingconservation.org/content/207-degrees-intervention
• https://www.nap.edu/read/514/chapter/5
•https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329510387_PRESERVATION_OF_THE_HERITAGE_VALUES_OF_IRAQI_TRA
DITIONAL_HOUSES#pf10

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Unit 1.1

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APPROACH/ METHODS OF

It focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and

• Revitalization refers to bring back the essence

• Heritage area revitalization concentrates on

• It may involve more adaptation than

• It may involve upgrading, some

• Renovation means also to improve by repair,

• It means the continuous protective care of a

• Examples of protective care include

• It means changing a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.

1.Retention or restoration of historical significance

• The aim of conservation, as stated in the Burra Charter (ICOMOS), should be to

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