C Programming Environment Setup

C - Environment Setup
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To start learning programming in C, the first step is to setup an environment that allows you
to enter and edit the program in C, and a compiler that builds an executable that can run on
your operating system. You need two software tools available on your computer, (a) The C
Compiler and (b) Text Editor.
The C Compiler
The source code written in the source file is the human readable source for your program. It
needs to be "compiled", into machine language so that your CPU can actually execute the
program as per the instructions given.
There are many C compilers available. Following is a select list of C compilers that are
widely used −
GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) − GCC is a popular open-source C compiler. It is

available for a wide range of platforms including Windows, macOS, and Linux. GCC is known
for its wide range of features and support for a variety of C standards.
Clang: Clang is an open-source C compiler that is part of the LLVM project. It is available
for a variety of platforms including Windows, macOS, and Linux. Clang is known for its
speed and optimization capabilities.
Microsoft Visual C++ − Microsoft Visual C++ is a proprietary C compiler that is developed
by Microsoft. It is available for Windows only. Visual C++ is known for its integration with
the Microsoft Visual Studio development environment.
Turbo C − Turbo C is a discontinued C compiler that was developed by Borland. It was

popular in the early 1990s, but it is no longer widely used.
The examples in this tutorial are compiled on the GCC compiler. The most frequently used
and free available compiler is the GNU C/C++ compiler. The following section explains how
to install GNU C/C++ compiler on various operating systems. We keep mentioning C/C++
together because GNU gcc compiler works for both C and C++ programming languages.
Installation on UNIX/Linux
If you are using Linux or UNIX, then check whether GCC is installed on your system by
entering the following command from the command line −
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$ gcc -v
If you have GNU compiler installed on your Ubuntu Linux machine, then it should print a
message as follows −
$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/lto-wrapper
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none:amdgcn-amdhsa
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v . . .
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
gcc version 11.3.0 (Ubuntu 11.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04)
If GCC is not installed, then you will have to install it yourself using the detailed instructions
available at https://gcc.gnu.org/install/
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Installation on Mac OS
If you use Mac OS X, the easiest way to obtain GCC is to download the Xcode development
environment from Apple's web site and follow the simple installation instructions. Once you
have Xcode setup, you will be able to use GNU compiler for C/C++.
Xcode is currently available at developer.apple.com/technologies/tools/
Installation on Windows
To install GCC on Windows, you need to install MinGW. To install MinGW, go to the MinGW
downloads page, https://www.mingw-w64.org/downloads/, and follow the link to the
MinGW download page. Download the latest version of the MinGW installation program,
mingw-w64-install.exe from here.
While installing Min GW, at a minimum, you must install gcc-core, gcc-g++, binutils, and
the MinGW runtime, but you may wish to install more.
Add the bin subdirectory of your MinGW installation to your PATH environment variable, so
that you can specify these tools on the command line by their simple names.
After the installation is complete, you will be able to run gcc, g++, ar, ranlib, dlltool, and
several other GNU tools from the Windows command line.
Text Editor
You will need a Text Editor to type your program. Examples include Windows Notepad, OS
Edit command, Brief, Epsilon, EMACS, and vim or vi.
The name and version of the text editors can vary on different operating systems. For
example, Notepad will be used on Windows, and vim or vi can be used on windows as well
as on Linux or UNIX.
The files you create with your editor are called the source files and they contain the
program source codes. The source files for C programs are typically named with the
extension ".c".
Before starting your programming, make sure you have one text editor in place and you
have enough experience to write a computer program, save it in a file, compile it and finally
execute it.
Using an IDE
Using a general-purpose text editor such as Notepad or vi for program development can be
very tedious. You need to enter and save the program with ".c" extension (say "hello.c"),
and then compile it with the following command −
gcc -c hello.c -o hello.o

gcc -o hello.exe hello.o
The executable file is then run from the command prompt to obtain the output. However, if
the source code contains errors, the compilation will not be successful. Hence we need to
repeatedly switch between the editor program and command terminal. To avoid this tedious
process, we should an IDE (Integrated Development Environment).
There are many IDEs available for writing, editing, debugging and executing C programs.
Examples are CodeBlocks, NetBeans, VSCode, etc.
CodeBlocks is a popular open-source IDE for C and C++. It is available for installation on
various operating system platforms like Windows, Linux, MacOS.
For Windows, download codeblocks-20.03mingw-setup.exe from

https://www.codeblocks.org/downloads/binaries/ URL. This will install CodeBlocks as well as
MinGW compiler on your computer. During the installation process, choose MinGW as the
compiler to use.
Example
After the installation is complete, launch it and enter the following code −
Open Compiler
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
/* my first program in C */
printf("Hello, World! \n");
return 0;
}
Output
On executing this code, you will get the following output −
Hello, World!
From the Build menu, build and run the program (use F9 shortcut). The Build Log window
shows successful compilation messages. The output (Hello World) is displayed in a separate
command prompt terminal.
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C - Environment Setup

GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) − GCC is a popular open-source C compiler. It is

Turbo C − Turbo C is a discontinued C compiler that was developed by Borland. It was

Xcode is currently available at developer.apple.com/technologies/tools/

gcc -c hello.c -o hello.o

For Windows, download codeblocks-20.03mingw-setup.exe from

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