AIVC Workshop, May 2023, Tokyo

Revision of ISO17772-1 and

EN16798-1 Standards Dealing with
Indoor Environmental Quality
Bjarne W. Olesen
Intl. Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy,
Technical University of Denmark
International Standards
Indoor Environmental Quality

• EN16798-1 and ISO 17772-1:

• EN TR 16798-2 and ISO TR 17772:
Suggested procedure

• There is a need to revise ISO 17772-1 and -2 (foreseen as ISO

52007) in parallel to the revision in Europe of EN 16798-1.
– CEN has decided not to do the revision through a Vienna agreement. It is
however still important that the two standards do not conflict with each
other.
• There is a wish to make a clearer distinction between the different
parts; and therefore, have separate parts for Thermal Comfort,
Indoor Air Quality, Lighting, Acoustic; but still as one standard.
• It is also important that the content is aligned to the existing
structure and content of ISO17772
Committees involved

 ISO/TC 163 Thermal performance and energy use in the built

environment
o ISO/TC 163/WG 4 Joint ISO/TC 163 - ISO/TC 205 WG: Energy
performance of buildings using holistic approach
 ISO/TC 205 Building environment design
o ISO/TC 205/WG 3 Building Automation and Control System
(BACS) Design
 ISO/TC 274 Light and lighting
o ISO/TC 274/JWG 1 Energy performance of lighting in buildings
(joint working group with CIE-JTC 6)
 ISO/TC 43/SC 2 Building acoustics
Structure for 52007
 Categories
Category Level of expectation

IEQI High

IEQII Medium

IEQIII Moderate

IEQIV Low

• The categories are related to the level of expectations the occupants may
have.
• A normal level would be “Medium”.
• A higher level may be selected for occupants with special needs (children,
elderly, handicapped, etc.).
• A lower level will not provide any health risk but may decrease comfort.
Recommended thermal comfort categories for design
of mechanical heated and cooled buildings

Category Thermal state of the body as a whole

PPD Predicted
% Mean Vote

I <6 -0.2 < PMV < + 0.2

II < 10 -0.5 < PMV < + 0.5
III < 15 -0.7 < PMV < + 0.7
III < 25 -1.0 < PMV < + 1.0
Temperature ranges for dimensioning and hourly calculation
of cooling and heating energy in three categories of indoor
environment

Type of building/ space Category Operative Temperature for

Energy Calculations
o
C
Offices and spaces with Heating (winter Cooling (summer
similar activity (single season), ~ 1,0 clo season), ~ 0,5 clo
offices, open plan offices,
conference rooms, I 21,0 – 23,0 23,5 - 25,5
auditorium, cafeteria,
restaurants, class rooms, II 20,0 – 24,0 23,0 - 26,0
Sedentary activity ~1,2 met
III 19,0 – 25,0 22,0 - 27,0
IV 17,0 – 26,0 21,0 - 28,0
Temperature ranges for dimensioning and
hourly calculation of cooling and heating
energy in four categories of indoor
environment
Heating • Temperature ranges consider for the four
Cooling season,
season categories of indoor environment
(0.5 clo)
Cat. (1.0 clo) recommended for sedentary work (1.2
°C
°C met) in ISO 17772-1.
I 21.0 - 23.0 23.5 - 25.5 • Air velocity is assumed below 0.1 m/s
II 20.0 - 24.0 23.0 - 26.0 and the relative humidity is 40% for
III 19.0 - 25.0 22.0 - 27.0 heating seasons and 60% for cooling
seasons.
IV 17.0 - 25.0 21.0 - 28.0

This will work for establishing design values for dimensioning of

heating and cooling systems by using the lower value in heating
season for the heating system and the upper value in cooling
season for the cooling system.
Issues

• The method do not explain what to do regarding room temperatures in

shoulder seasons (spring, fall)
– The standard recommends defining heating season when the outside running
mean temperature is below 10 oC and cooling season when it is above 15 oC.
– As comfort criteria for spring/fall you may use 0.75 clo or use the adapted
model during those seasons

• No yearly Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for thermal comfort, while for
energy you have one value kWh/m2 per year
– A KPI can be calculated based on the percentage of occupied hours inside the
categories of indoor environmental quality defined in ISO 17772-1.
– The score assigned weighted values for % time spent in each category, and
provides a single value from 1 (Best) to 5 (Worst) equation (2)
 CPH-A
CPH-B
CPH-C
ED-A
ED-B
ED-C
ZH-A
ZH-B
ZH-C
PA-A
PA-B
PA-C

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Distribution of operative temperatures during occupied hours [%]
Cat.I Cat.II Cat.III Cat.IV Outside
Location CPH ED ZH PA
TCS A 1.93 2.11 1.80 2.37
B 1.27 1.36 1.28 1.21
C 1.49 1.55 1.46 1.79
TCS D 1.71 2.00 1.56 1.10
ACM

CPH-D
Location-Case [-]

ED-D

ZH-D

PA-D

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Distribution of operative temperatures during occupied hours [%]
Cat.I Cat.II Cat.III Outside
 Adapted method in ISO17772-1

Θrm = (Θed -1 + 0,8 Θed -2 + 0,6 Θed -3 + 0,5 Θed -4 + 0,4 Θed -5 + 0,3 Θed -6 + 0,2 Θed -7)/3,8
• activity levels lie most of the time in the range of 1,2 - 1,6
met
• clothing insulation can be varied according to momentary
preferences from 0,5 to 1,0 clo
• access to operable windows
• less than 4 persons per room
• such as dwellings and office buildings.
Issues-Adapted Method
• When to use adapted method is still unclear
• What to do in mixed-mode buildings?
 CRITERIA FOR INDOOR AIR
QUALITY ~VENTILATION RATES

COMFORT (Perceived Air Quality)

HEALTH
PRODUCTIVITY
ENERGY

Cross contamination
Indoor Air Quality
• Design parameters for indoor air quality shall be derived using one or
more of the following methods:
1. Method 1: Method based on perceived air quality;
2. Method 2: Method using limit values for individual substances
3. Method 3: Method based on predefined ventilation air flow rates.
 Concept for calculation of design ventilation rate
Method 1

People Component Building Component

Breathing Zone
Outdoor Airflow

Vbz = Rp Pz + R a Az

Minimum
l/s/Person Building Area

Number of Minimum
People l/s/m²
 Basic required ventilation rates for diluting emissions
(bio effluents) from people for different categories

Expected Airflow per non-

Category Percentage adapted person
Dissatisfied l/(s.pers)

I 15 10
II 20 7

III 30 4
IV 40 2,5*

*The total ventilation rate must never be lower than 4 l/s per person
ASHRAE Standard 62.1 : Adapted persons 2,5 l/s person (Cat. II )
Design ventilation rates for diluting
emissions from buildings
Low polluting Non low-
Very low
building polluting
Category polluting
building
building
l/(s m2) l/(s m2)
l/(s m2)
I 0,5 1,0 2,0
II 0,35 0,7 1,4
III 0,2 0,4 0,8
IV 0,15 0,3 0,6
Minimum total
ventilation rate 4 l/s person 4 l/s person 4 l/s person
for health
 Example on how to define low and
very low polluting buildings
Very low emitting
Low emitting
products for very
SOURCE products for low
low polluted
polluted buildings
buildings
Total VOCs TVOC
< 1.000 µg/m³ < 300 µg/m³
(as in CEN/TS 16516)

Formaldehyde < 100 µg/m³ < 30 µg/m³

Any C1A or C1B
classified < 5 µg/m³ < 5 µg/m³
carcinogenic VOC
R value (as in
CEN/TS16516) < 1.0 < 1.0
Issues
• Need for better emission data for building materials, furniture etc.
• Difficult to estimate what building type you have
 Total ventilation rate
q tot  n  q p  AR  q B
qsupply = qtot/ v
• Where
• v = the ventilation effectiveness (EN13779)
• qsupply = ventilation rate supplied by the ventilation system
• qtot= total ventilation rate for the breathing zone, l/s
• n = design value for the number of the persons in the room,
• qp = ventilation rate for occupancy per person, l/s, pers
• AR= room floor area, m2
• qB = ventilation rate for emissions from building, l/s,m2
 Example of design ventilation air flow rates for a single-person
office of 10 m2 in a low polluting building (un-adapted person)

Airflow
Low- per non- Total design ventilation air flow
Cate- polluting adapted rate for the room
gory building person
l/(s*m2) l/s l/(s*person) l/(s* m2)
l/(s*person)
I 1,0 10 20 20 2
II 0,7 7 14 14 1,4
III 0,4 4 8 8 0,8
IV 0,3 2,5 5,5 5,5 0,55
Design ventilation rates
Type of Occu- Cate- Occupants Additional ventilation for Total
building/ pancy gory only building (add only one) l/sm2
space person/m2 CEN l/s person l/sm2
ASH- CEN CEN CEN ASH- CEN ASH-
RAE low- Non-low- RAE Low RAE
Rp polluting polluting Ra Pol.
building building
Single A 10 1,0 2,0 2
office 0,1 B 2,5 7 0,7 1,4 0,3 1,4 0,55
(cellular
office) C 4 0,4 0,8 0,8
Land- A 10 1,0 2,0 1,7
scaped 0,07 B 2,5 7 0,7 1,4 0,3 1,2 0,48
office
C 4 0,4 0,8 0,7
Confe- A 10 1,0 2,0 6
rence 0,5 B 2,5 7 0,7 1,4 0,3 4,2 1,55
room
C 4 0,4 0,8 2,4
1 l/s m2 = 0.2 cfm/ft2
 HEALTH CRITERIA FOR
VENTILATION
ISO 17772-1 and prEN16798-1

Minimum 4 l/s/person
 Specific Pollutants-Method 2

The ventilation rate required to dilute a pollutant shall be calculated by this equation:

Gh 1
Qh = --------------  ----- Eq (2)
Ch,i - Ch,o v

where:
Qh is the ventilation rate required for dilution, in litre per second;
Gh is the pollution load of a pollutant, in micrograms per second;
3
Ch,i is the guideline value of a pollutant, see Annex B6 , in micrograms per m ;
3
Ch,o is the supply concentration of pollutants at the air intake, in micrograms per m ;
v is the ventilation effectiveness

NOTE. Ch,i and Ch,o may also be expressed as ppm (vol/vol). In this case the pollution load Gh has to be
expressed as l/s.
 WHO
WHO
Air Quality
Pollutant Indoor Air Quality
guidelines
guidelines 2010

No safe level can be

2005
WHO guidelines values for indoor and
Benzene -
determined
15 min. mean: 100 outdoor air pollutants
mg/m3 1h
Carbon monoxide mean: 35 mg/m3 -
8h mean: 10 mg/m3
24h mean: 7 mg/m3

Formaldehyde
30 min. mean: 100
-
There is a need for health/comfort
Naphthalene
µg/m3
Annual mean: 10
-
criteria for other substances
µg/m3
1h mean: 200 µg/m3
Nitrogen dioxide Annual mean: 40
mg/m3
-
Particles must be included in the
Polyaromatic
Hydrocarbons (e.g.
No safe level can be
-
standard
determined
Benzo Pyrene A B[a]P)
100 Bq/m3
(sometimes 300
Radon -
mg/m3,
country-specific)
No safe level can be
Trichlorethylene -
determined
Annual mean: 250
Tetrachloroethylene
µg/m3
10 min. mean: 500
Sulfure dioxide - µg/m3 24h mean:
20 mg/m3

Ozone - 8h mean:100 µg/m3

24h mean: 25 µg/m3

Particulate Matter
- Annual mean: 10
PM 2,5
µg/m3
24h mean: 50 µg/m3
Particulate Matter
- Annual mean: 20
PM 10
µg/m3
CO2 as reference not consistent with Method 1
Category Corresponding CO2 concentration
above outdoors in PPM for non-
adapted persons

I 550 (10)
II 800 (7)
III 1 350 (4)
IV 1 350 (4)
Issues
• Target CO2 concentration should correctly be set as difference between
inside and outside
• Target CO2 concentration for the same level of air quality depends on
occupant density
• Should we allow to use a dynamic formular for individual substances
(meeting rooms, class rooms, etc.)
• If air cleaning technologies are used and partly substituting for outside
air the resulting room concentration of CO2 will be higher for the same
level of air quality.

Cat. Method 2 Method 1

CO2 above Single office
outdoors Low-pol. building
CO2 above outdoors
PPM PPM
(l/s*pers.) (l/s*pers.)

I 550 (10) 278 (20)

II 800 (7) 397 (14)
III 1350 (4) 694 (8)
IV 1350 (4) 1010 (5.5)
Risk-based
ventilation
design
 33

Ventilation rate equation at given probability

Assuming steady state and substituting Cavg and E, and considering that outdoor air ventilation
rate Q = λvV results:

• Solving this equation for outdoor air ventilation rate Q (m3/h) gives

• (masks and air cleaner included)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350111147_Preprint_-A_new_ventilation_criterion_based_on_respiratory_infection_risk_of_COVID-19
 Example criteria for personalized
systems
Aspect Requirement
‘Temperature’ control At workstation level, the (operative/equivalent) temperature is adjustable
winter with a response speed of at least 0,5 K/minute within a range of 5 K, from
18 °C to 23 °C.
‘Temperature’ control At workstation level, the (equivalent) temperature is adjustable (with a
summer response speed of at least 0,5 K/minute within a range of 5 K, from 22 °C
to 27 °C.
Fresh air supply control Local fresh air supply (per workstation) is adjustable from around 0 to at
least 7 l/s.
Delivered air quality For requirements related to air cleaning technology: see Annex K.
Installation noise Noise level – with the personalized system in the highest setting – should
not be higher than 35 dB(A).

This is a topic under IEA -EBC Annex 87 “PECS”

 Air Distribution Effectiveness
Concentrations: CE exhaust air
CE  CS
V  CS supply air
CI  CS CI breathing zone

CEN Report CR 1752 (1998)

Mixing ventilation Mixing ventilation Displacement ventilation Personalized ventilation

T supply - Vent. effect. T supply - Vent. effect. T supply - Vent. effect. T supply - Vent. effect.
T inhal T inhal T inhal T room
°C - °C - °C - °C -
<0 0,9 - 1,0 < -5 0,9 <0 1,2 - 1,4 -6 1,2 - 2,2
0-2 0,9 -5 - 0 0,9 - 1,0 0-2 0,7 - 0,9 -3 1,3 - 2,3
2-5 0,8 >0 1 >2 0,2 - 0,7 0 1,6 - 3,5
>5 0,4 - 0,7
Issues-PECS
• No. available test standard
• Must be designed/dimensioned for a more narrow temperature range
• How much can you relax requirements to the ambient system?
• Issues are part of EBC-IEA Annex 87
 ISSUES for REVISION

• Not consistent requirements based on CO2

• Need to include criteria for particles
• Need criteria for substances not included in WHO guideline
• Demand Control Ventilation based on CO2 requires different set-points:
• Influenced by occupant density
• If required ventilation is partly substituted by air cleaning
• Ventilation and cross contamination (pandemic, flue, etc. )
• Personalized Environmental Control Systems (personalized ventilation)
• More focus on ventilation efficiency
• KPI’s for yearly performance
Thank You
[email protected]