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    Ce 311 Midterm 2

    Uploaded by

    akasandig

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ce 311 Midterm 2

    Uploaded by

    akasandig
    2 views28 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views28 pages

    Ce 311 Midterm 2

    Uploaded by

    akasandig

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    Traffic Flow Characteristics

    Types of Flow
    • Uninterrupted Flow: Flow occurring at long sections of road where
    vehicles are not required to stop by any cause external to the traffic stream

    • Interrupted Flow: Flow occurring at intersections or driveways where


    vehicles are required to stop by any cause outside the traffic stream such
    as traffic signs (‘STOP’ or ‘YIELD’), traffic signal lights, etc.
    Traffic Flow Variables
    • Flow rate or volume (q) - the number of vehicles passing a point during a
    specified period of time

    • Speed (u) - rate of motion in distance per unit time

    • Density or concentration (k) - the number of vehicles in a given length of


    road at an instant point in time
    Flow Rate or Volume (q)
    Flow Rate or Volume (q)
    Speed: Time Mean Speed (ut)
    Speed: Space Mean Speed (us)
    Exercise
    30 kph 35 kph 45 kph
    45 kph 30 kph 40 kph
    28 kph 25 kph 50 kph

    • What is the time mean speed?


    • What is the space mean speed?
    Density or Concentration (k)
    Other Traffic Flow Variables
    • Headway (ht) - time interval between passage of consecutive vehicles at a
    specified point on the road
    = 1/q

    • Spacing (s) - distance between 2 vehicles measured from the front


    bumper of a vehicle to another

    = 1/k
    Other Traffic Flow Variables
    • Time Occupancy (Ot)
    Relationship of Flow, Speed, and Density
    q = us x k
    (veh/hr = km/hr x veh/km )
    Passenger Car Unit (PCU)
    • A way of normalizing traffic flow as if all are cars (assuming car is the
    dominant vehicle type)
    • Depends on the amount of space and length of time a particular vehicle
    occupies a point or section of the road.
    Passenger Car Unit (PCU)
    Lane Utilization

    • distribution of the total traffic volume to the individual lanes of multi-lane


    freeways/highways (US HCM)

    • also referred to as lane distribution, traffic distribution or traffic split, it is


    normally measured in percentage (%) or ratio of total traffic
    Weaving
    • The crossing of two or more traffic streams traveling in the same general
    direction along a significant length of highway, without the aid of traffic
    control devices (US HCM)

    • Lane change – maneuver employed in weaving


    • Measured in terms of frequency over a defined length (e.g. frequency per
    100 meters)
    Capacity and Level of Service
    • Capacity: the maximum hourly rate at which vehicles can reasonably be
    expected to traverse a point or uniform section of a lane or roadway during
    a given time period under prevailing roadway, traffic and control
    conditions.

    • Level of Service (LOS): a qualitative description of how a certain facility is


    performing
    Capacity
    Volume-Capacity Ratio and LOS
    Level of Service (LOS)
    Level of Service (LOS)
    Level of Service (LOS)
    Level of Service (LOS)
    Level of Service (LOS)
    Level of Service (LOS)
    Level of Service (LOS)
    Example
    Solution

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