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Hossain Dyeing And 1Printing Mills LTD.

Rangpur Textile Institute.

Subject : Pretreatment

Date : 29-09-2024

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MD.MONIRUZZAMAN
RANGPUR TEXTILE INSTITUTE.
5TH BATCH
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Singeing and Desizing Machine

Machine Introduction-

Machine Details:

* Machine name: Gas Singeing Machine

* Made by : China

* Origin : ZHONGJI INDUSTRY

* High Speed : 100 m/min

* Solution PH : 5.5 - 6

* Pickup : 90%

* Padder pressure :

* Chamber :1
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Desizing chemical :

* Enzyme : Biosol SED

* Detergent : Fallson RGN

* Wetting Agent : Collasol OCE

* Sequestering Agent : Heptol KEB

* Rectaz KU

* Saltafon XR

* Scourzyme TXP

Chemicals Name and Uses:

1. enzyme

✔ Removes hairiness from fabric.

✔ Makes the fabric soft.

✔ Enzyme removes peeling.

2. Acetic acid

✔ It is one of the most widely used acids in the textile industry.

✔ It neutralizes the fabric.

✔ Controls PH.

Note: According to the construction of the fabric, the speed of the gas singeing
machine is increased. More GSM fabric such as: 7×7, 10×10, 20×16, 20×20 count, the
machine speed is kept lower for this type of fabric. And in case of less GSM fabric like:
30×16,30×20, 30×30 count the machine speed is increased.
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Singeing & Desizing Machine Flow Chart:

Entry

Dust collection

Singeing Burner 4

2 Chemical Bath (temp. 65°c)

Exit

Bacher Rotation (8-12 Hour)

Description:

First the selected fabric is twisted into rolling and set in this machine. The fabric is
then moved through the fabric roller into the machine. In this condition, the fabric is
kept taut through the tension bar of Seshin. Also, there are two guide rollers on both
sides at the bottom, through which the cloth enters the machine properly. The cups
then enter the brushing chamber or dust collection. There are four brushing rollers.
Two brushing rollers are on the top and the other two are on the bottom. The function
of this brushing roller is to remove sand and impurities from both surfaces of the cloth.
At the same time, the loose threads of the cloth are raised straight up. The cups then
enter the next process, the singing chamber or gas chamber. There are four burners.
The temperature of this burner depends on the fabric. For thicker fabrics, the setting is
higher. Again the temperature is kept low for thin fabrics. Here the cloth is kept 1-1.5
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inches away from the flame of the burner. Projecting fibers, hairy fibers, loose yarns on
the surface of the cloth are burnt through this gas chamber. This increases the
smoothness of the fabric. But care should be taken that there are no wrinkles in the
clothes. Because fried cloth does not shrink. Then the fabrics are included in the
desizing machine. At the beginning of desizing there are two chemical baths. The
sintered fabric is first placed in a chemical bath. Here the volume of the chemical
cylinder is 1200 kg.There are two chemical cylinders. One weighs 600kg. The
temperature of a chemical bath is usually kept at 60-65°c. Different chemicals are used
in this chemical bath based on the construction of the fabric. But usually sequestering,
wetting agents, enzymes, detergents are used. Each of these chemicals has a different
function. For example:-

Enzyme: Softens fabric. Removes hairiness from clothes.

Detergent: Cleans the fabric.

Wetting agent: Increases the absorbency of the fabric and removes the tension of the
fabric.

Sequestering Agent:- Removes hardness of water. Removes metal ions from water.

Then, the fabric is pressed in a chemical bath to separate the chemicals from the fabric
by pedal pressure. Here, if the speed of the pedal pressure is high, the chemical
spreads less, and if the pedal pressure is low, the chemical spreads more. Normally
pedal pressure is low for cold bleach. The last cloth is wrapped in a batcher. There are
usually 5000 to 600 yards cupped. Which is done in 8-12 hour rotation for further
processing. Thick fabric 8 hours, poplin fabric 10 hours, thin fabric 8 hours.
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Scouring and Bleaching Machine

Machine Introduction-

Scouring Machine Details:

* Machine Name: Scouring machine

* Made In : China

* Origin : Zhongji Industry

* Speed : Fabric Dependable

Bleaching Machine Details:

* Machine Name : Bleaching machine

* Made In : Holland

* Origin : Brouk Man

* Speed : Fabric Dependable

Scouring Chemical:

* Kollasol OCE - Wetting Agent

* Felosan RGN - Detergent

* Heptol KEB - Sequestering Agent

* NAOH
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Bleaching Chemical:

* Convaton GAL - Stabilizer

* H2O2

* Sequestering Agent

* Detergent

Chemicals Name and Uses:

1. Peroxide

✔ Removes dust from fabric.

✔ Removes wax

✔ Removes natural gray color.

2. Stabilizer

✔ It is used to stabilize the reaction of peroxidase.

3. Soda

✔ Forms covalent bonds by fixing color.

✔ PH control.

✔ Increases fabric absorbency.

4. Sequestering agent

✔ Removes metal ions from water.

✔ Removes water hardness.

✔ Softens water.
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5. Waiting Agent

✔ Removes surface tension of fabric

✔ Improves waiting properties.

6. Detergent

✔ Used as a wetting agent.

✔ Used as cleaning agent

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Pickup : 95%

Solution PH : 11-12

Padder pressure : ?

Machine Speed : 50-80 m/min

Chamber : 14

Conventional Time : RPM

Scouring and Bleaching machine flow chart:

Cloth roller

J box

Hot washing bath (3)

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Scouring Chemical Bath

Stream Box

Hot washing bath (4)

Bleaching Chemical Bath

Stream Box

Hot washing bath (4)

Cold washing bath

Cylinder Diyar

J box

Cloth roller
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Description:

The rotated cloth should be set in the machine. Now the cloth should be inserted into
the machine through the roller. There are two guide rollers on either side. Through
which the balance between the clothes is maintained and the clothes are twisted
through the J-box and entered into the washing chamber. Hot wash is done by hot
water in this washing chamber. There are three hot washing chambers in a row.
Through which the problem of shrinkage of the cloth is removed and impurities are
removed from the cloth. Water is then separated from the fabric by hydraulic pressure
and fed into the scouring chemical bath. Here caustic, sequestering agent, wetting
agent, hydrogen peroxide, these 4 types of chemicals are used. These chemicals
remove oil, grease, wax etc. from the fabric and clean the fabric and increase the
absorbency of the fabric. The cup is then sent via rollers to the stream box. Here the
cloth is streamed for 40-45 min. The temperature of the stream box is maintained at
95-100°c. The cloth is then sent to the washing chamber. There are four washing
chambers in a row. Here auras are done only by water. The temperature of these
washing chambers is kept at 90°c. The fabric is then fed into the bleaching chemical
bath by hydraulic pressure. Bleaching helps whiten the fabric from its natural color
through chemicals. Different chemicals are used depending on the fabric. However,
wetting agents are not used in bleaching chemical baths. The cloth is then wrapped
through a roller and the cup is taken to the stream box. The cloth is kept in this stress
box for 20-25 min. The temperature of this stream box is 98°c. The clothes are then
re-entered into the washing chamber. There are four hot wash chambers. Then there is
a cold wash chamber. Where normal temperature water is used to cool the fabric. By
means of which the clothes are cleaned by drying, it is called sawing. The fabric is then
rolled through rollers to reach the cylinder dryer. There are 12 dryers totaling 24 dryers.
The temperature of which is kept at 99°c. Through this the clothes are dried. The cloth
is then sent to J Box. The box from which the cloth is patched to the batcher.
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Mercerizing Machine

Machine Introduction:

Machine details :

Machine Name : Mercerizing machine

Made in : China

Company Name : SAGA

Machine speed : 60-65 m/min

Pickup% : 70%

Chamber : 11

Solution PH :7

Padder pressure : ?

Conventional Time : RPM

Mercerizing Chemical :

* Caustic

* Mercerizing Oil

Mercerizing Machine Flow chart:

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Cloth roller

J box

Chemical bath 1 (Strongly chemical bath, Bom 24)

35°c

Chemical bath 2 (Strongly chemical bath, Bom 24)

35°c

Chemical bath 3 (Weakly Chemical bath, Bom 10-12 )

30°-35°c

Chain Adjustment (18m)

Spray (5) Bom 5-6

Vax pan

Padder Pressure

Hot wash (6) 95°c

Acid dosing ( PH Control)

↓
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Cooling Bath

Cylinder Dia 24 ( 145°-150°c)

Cloth roller

Description:

The cloth is taken from the cloth roller to the J-box. On either side of the machine,
there are two guide rollers that keep the fabric level. From the J box, the cloth is pulled
by rollers into the chemical bath. There are three chemical baths in a row. The first two
chemical baths are called strong chemical baths which are kept at 35°c and contain
bomb 24. The 3rd chemical bath is called a weak chemical bath which has a
temperature of 30-35°c and the bomb is 10-12. Between 1st to 2nd and 2nd to 3rd
chemical bath there are 11 cylinder rollers each called waiting zone. The function of
the waiting zone is to give the fabric some time before proceeding to the next process.
From the weekly chemical bath the cloth goes to the chain adjustment. The function of
chain adjustment is to hold the fabric properly so that the fabric does not wrinkle. The
length of this chain adjustment is 18 meters. 5 consecutive sprays on the chain
adjustment cloth. This spray contains 5-6 bombs and then the cloth is taken in wax
water. The function of the wax bath is to purify the water contaminated with clothes
and send it back to the bath. Then the water is separated from the clothes with the
help of padder and sent to the washing chamber. There are 6 consecutive hot washes
with The temperature maintained at 95°c . After 6 hot washes, acid dosing is done on
the cloth. Here PH is controlled. Here the pH value is 7. After acid dosing, the clothes
are taken in cooling water and cold washed with normal temperature water. Then, with
the help of hydraulic pressure, the water is separated from the fabric and taken to The
cylinder dies through the roller. There are 24 cylinder vias whose temperature is
maintained at 145-150℃. The cloth is dried on cylinder dia. Then the cloth is wrapped
in a batcher.
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