Physics - Project (Complete)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
MERE WORDS WON'T BE ABLE TO EXPRESS MY

GRATITUDE AND THANKFULNESS FOR THE
VARIOUS PEOPLE WITHOUT WHOSE INVOLVEMENT
THIS PROJECT COUNLDN'T HAVE BEEN COMPLETED
SUCCESSFULLY.
FIRST OF ALL, I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY
HEARTY GRATITUDE FOR MISS , MY PHYSICS
TEACHER WITHOUT WHOSE SUPPORT AND
GUIDANCE THIS VERY PROJECT COULDN'T HAVE
BEENPOSSIBLE.
LASTLY, I WOULD LIKE TO END UP THANKING ALL
MY FRIENDS AND MY PARENTS TOO WITHOUT
WHOSE CONTRIBUTION THE WORK ENTERED IN
THIS FILE WOULDN'T BE A REALITY.
AIM
TO DESIGN AN APPROPRIATE LOGIC

GATE FOR A GIVEN TRUTH TABLE
INTRODUCTION
A gate is defined as a digital circuit which follows

some logical relationship between the input and
output voltages. It is a digital circuit which allows
a signal to pass through as a stop, it is called a
gate.
The logic gates are building blocks at digital
electronics. They are used in digital electronics to
change on voltage level (input voltage) into
another (output voltage) according to some logical
statement relating them.
A logic gate may have one or more input , but it
has only one output. The relationship between the
possible values of input and output voltage is
expressed in the form of a table called a truth table
or table of combination.
PRINCIPAL
Any Boolean algebra operation can be associated with

inputs and outputs represent the statements of Boolean
algebra. Although these circuits may be complex but
they all are constructed from basic devices. We have
three types of logic gates.
1. AND gate
2. OR gate
3. NOT gate
BASIC GATES:-
1. OR GATE :- is a device that combines A with B to

give Y as the result.
The OR GATE has two or more inputs and one
output The logic gate of the OR gate with A and B
input and Y output is shown below:-
In the Boolean expression additional symbol (+) is
referred as the OR.
TRUTH TABLE (OR GATE)

 THE OR GATE:-
The following inference can be easily drawn from the

working of electrical circuit is:
 If switch A and B are open bulb do not

glow (A=0, B=0), hence Y=0.
 If switch A open and B closed then (A=0,
B=1) bulb glow, hence Y=1.
 If switch A closed B open then (A=1,
B=0) bulb glow, Y=1.
 If switch A and B are closed then (A=1,
B=1) lamp glow , hence Y=1.
2. AND GATE :- is a device that combines A with B
to give Y as the result.
The AND gate has two or more inputs and one
output. The logic gate of AND gate with A and B
input and Y output is shown below:
In Boolean algebra , multiplication sign (either x

or . ) is referred as the AND. The Boolean expression
A.B =Y ,indicates Y equals A and B
 TRUTH TABLE :-
 THE AND GATE:-
The following conclusions can be drawn from circuit:-
 If both switches A and B are open (A=0,

B=0) then bulb will not glow, hence Y=0.
 If switch A closed and B open (A=1, B=0)
then bulb will not glow, hence Y=0.
 If switch A open and B closed (A=0, B=1)
bulb will not glow, hence Y=0.
 If switch A and B both are closed then lamp
will glow, hence Y=1.
3. NOT GATE :- is a device that inverts the inputs.
The NOT is a one input and one output. The logic
gate of the NOT gate with A and Y output is shown
below :
In Boolean algebra , bar symbol (-) is referred as

the NOT. The Boolean expression ;
A` = Y, indicates Y equals NOT A
 TRUTH TABLE :-
 THE NOT GATE:-
The following conclusions can be drawn from the

above circuit :-
 If switch A is open (A=0) , the bulb will glow ,
hence Y=1.
 If the switch A is closed (A=1) bulb will not
glow hence Y=0.

4. NAND GATE:- a variation on the idea of the AND
gate is called NAND gate. The symbol is an AND
gate with a small circle on the output signal
inversion. This is also shown as (A.B) with a bar
over the top. The truth table is exactly opposite of
am AND gate.
 TRUTH TABLE:-
5. NOR GATE:- is an OR gate with its output
inverted. Its output is “true” if both inputs are
“false”. Otherwise the output is false.
The symbol is an OR gate with a small circle on the
output. The small circle represents inversion. This is
shown as(A+B) with bar over the top.
 TRUTH TABLE:-
6. XOR GATE :- The XOR(exclusive OR) gates is
“true” if either , but not both , of the inputs are
“true”. The output is “false” if both inputs are
The encircled plus sign (⊗) is used to show the

“true”.
XOR operation. { Y = A ⊗ B }
 TRUTH TABLE:-
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
 GOOGLE
 MODERNS ABC+
 WIKIPEDIA
 HC VERMA.

Physics - Project (Complete)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physics - Project (Complete)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physics - Project (Complete)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

MERE WORDS WON'T BE ABLE TO EXPRESS MY

TO DESIGN AN APPROPRIATE LOGIC

A gate is defined as a digital circuit which follows

Any Boolean algebra operation can be associated with

1. OR GATE :- is a device that combines A with B to

TRUTH TABLE (OR GATE)

The following inference can be easily drawn from the

 If switch A and B are open bulb do not

In Boolean algebra , multiplication sign (either x

The following conclusions can be drawn from circuit:-

 If both switches A and B are open (A=0,

In Boolean algebra , bar symbol (-) is referred as

The following conclusions can be drawn from the

The encircled plus sign (⊗) is used to show the

You might also like