Gkgs

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 19

Loksabha Election, 2024

India’s Longest-Serving Prime National Party Candidates Losing NOTA Makes a Mark
Ministers Deposits In the 2024 Lok Sabha elections,
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has become The 2024 Lok Sabha elections saw approximately 1% of voters chose the NOTA
one of India’s longest-serving prime significant losses among national party (None of the Above) option, indicating
ministers, leading the country since 2014. candidates. The BSP had the highest loss voter dissatisfaction with the candidates.
His tenure exceeds 10 years, placing him rate with 97.5% of its candidates losing
Indore in Madhya Pradesh had the highest
among leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru their deposits. CPIM had 57.69% of its
candidates lose deposits, while BJP and number of NOTA votes at 2,18,674 (14%).
and Indira Gandhi. Modi is only the Other significant constituencies included
INC had 6.12% and 7.9% respectively. TMC
second leader, after Nehru, to win three
and NPP also faced notable losses. Gopalganj and Araku.
consecutive terms.
Rise in Lok Sabha Candidates Who Decides the Date of Counting?
Polling Losses
There has been a significant rise in the The Election Commission of India fixes the
Out of the 8,360 candidates contesting number of candidates contesting Lok
in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, 86% date and time for counting votes, while
Sabha elections, increasing from 1,874 in
(around 7,193 candidates) failed to secure the Returning Officer (RO) determines
1952 to 8,360 in 2024. The average number
the required number of votes, thereby of candidates per constituency grew from the location. The RO, assisted by Assistant
forfeiting their deposit, indicating tough 4.67 to 15.40, reflecting greater political Returning Officers (ARO), supervises the
competition and dominance among major engagement and competition over the counting process to ensure its integrity and
political parties. decades. accuracy.

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


Number of Women Elected to Lok Lowest Victory Margins Pro-tem Speaker
Sabha The 2024 Lok Sabha elections saw some Bhartruhari Mahtab has been appointed
extremely close contests. Ravindra by the President as the pro-tem Speaker
The representation of women in the
Dattaram Walker of Shiv Sena won of the 18th Lok Sabha. This temporary
Lok Sabha has improved significantly, position is given to the senior most member
Mumbai NW by just 48 votes. Other narrow
from 24 women in the 1951-52 General victories included Adoor Prakash with 684 to perform the Speaker's duties until a new
Election to 74 in the 2024 election. This votes in Attingal, Rabindra Narayan Behera Speaker is elected. The pro-tem Speaker
increase highlights progress in gender with 1,587 votes in Jajpur, Rao Rajendra oversees the first meeting of the Lok Sabha,
representation and the growing influence Singh with 1,615 votes in Jaipur Rural, and administers the oath to new MPs, and
conducts the elections for the Speaker and
of women in Indian politics. Bhojraj Nag with 1,884 votes in Kanker.
Deputy Speaker. This role ends when the
new Speaker is elected.
Highest Victory Margins Over 64 Crore People Voted
Shankar Lalwani of the BJP achieved the The 2024 Lok Sabha elections recorded Leader Of Opposition
an impressive voter turnout of over 64 Rahul Gandhi from the Congress party
highest victory margin in the 2024 Lok
crore people. This turnout is 1.5 times is the new Leader of Opposition in the
Sabha elections, winning the Indore seat greater than the combined voters of all Lok Sabha. This role ensures government
with a margin of 11,75,092 votes, which is G7 countries and 2.5 times more than the accountability and offers alternative
75.23% of the total votes. This margin is a voters in the European Union, highlighting policies. The Leader of Opposition heads the
record, far surpassing the previous highest the significant democratic engagement in largest party not in government, promoting
of 6.96 lakh votes. India. debate and scrutiny of government actions.

For the first time since 1962, a government Recommendations on Coalition | Strengthens federal system.
has returned for a third term after z Demerits:
z Punchhi Commission:
completing two consecutive terms | Potential instability due to policy
| Prioritize parties with wide support in
spanning a decade. This marks the end of the Legislative Assembly. disagreements.
single-party dominance and the return of | Treat pre-poll alliances as a single | Restricted Prime Ministerial
a true coalition government at the Centre. party. authority.
| Follow a preference order for selecting | Influence of smaller parties.
What is a Coalition Government? the Chief Minister.
| Larger Council of Ministers.
z Sarkaria Commission:
z Formed when several political parties | Emphasized consultation and | Lack of accountability.
join hands to exercise political power based dialogue between the Centre and states.
Role of Coalition Governments in
on a common agreed program. | Highlighted the role of regional
parties in coalition governments. Reforms
z Features:
z Historical Context: Since 1991,
| Involves at least two parties. 2024 General Election Highlights coalition governments have implemented
Women: 74 women MPs elected, bold economic reforms.
| Marked by pragmatism, not ideology. z
13.63% of the Lower House. z Notable Reforms:
| Dynamic, with changing coalitions. | Narasimha Rao (1991-1996):
z NOTA: Over 2 lakh NOTA votes
| Operates on a minimum common in Indore, the highest ever for any Economic liberalization, WTO
program. constituency. membership.
| Deve Gowda (1996-1997): Dream
Merits and Demerits of Coalition
Pre-poll and Post-poll Coalition Budget.
Government
| Vajpayee (1998-2004): FRBM Act,
z Pre-poll: Offers a common platform for Merits:
z disinvestment, IT Act, 2000.
parties with a joint manifesto. | Balanced decisions representing | Manmohan Singh (2004-2014):
z Post-poll: Enables parties to share diverse interests. Rights-based reforms, economic
power and run the government. | Reflects popular opinion. deregulation.

4 Half Yearly CA Magazine 2024 Vol.-1

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


State Assembly Election, 2024

Arunachal Pradesh

Chief Minister Pema Khandu (BJP)


Arunachal
Total Seats 60
Pradesh
Majority Mark 31
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Indian National Congress (INC),
Main Parties
National People’s Party (NPP), others
BJP Seats 46 (including 10 unopposed)
Governor Lt. Gen. Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik (Retd)
Pema Khandu (Mukto, unopposed), Pasang Dorjee Sona
Key Winners
(Mechuka), Kamlung Mossang (Miao)
Voter Turnout 82.95%
Opposition Role Limited, with NPP as the main opposition party

Andhra Pradesh
Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu (TDP)
Total Seats 175
Majority Mark 88
Andhra Main Parties Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP), Telugu Desam
Pradesh Party (TDP), Jana Sena Party (JSP), Bharatiya Janata Party
(BJP), Indian National Congress (INC), others
Governor S. Abdul Nazeer
Key Winners z N. Chandrababu Naidu (Kuppam)
z Pawan Kalyan (Bhimavaram)
z Daggubati Purandeswari (Visakhapatnam)
Voter Turnout 80.39%
Campaign Focus Development, governance, anti-incumbency
Opposition Role YSRCP, led by Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, significantly lost ground
Notable Trends TDP’s major comeback with a strong alliance with JSP and BJP

Chief Minister Ganga Prasad Lakshman Acharya Sikkim


Total Seats 32
Majority Mark 17
Main Parties Sikkim Krantikari Morcha (SKM), Sikkim Democratic Front
(SDF), Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), others
BJP Seats Prem Singh Tamang (SKM)
Governor Prem Singh Tamang (Rhenock), Bedu Singh Panth (Temi- Sikkim
Namphing), Delay Namgyal Barfungpa (Gangtok)
Key Winners 79.88%
Voter Turnout SDF significantly diminished, winning only one seat
Notable Trends SKM’s overwhelming victory indicates strong public support
and effective governance strategies

8 Half Yearly CA Magazine 2024 Vol.-1

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


International
Affairs

ISRAEL-HAMAS CONFLICT

KEY EVENTS

Recent Conflict and Responses (2022-2023)


z Israeli raids on Jenin refugee camp
z Hamas launched “Operation Al-Aqsa Flood” and Israel launched
“Operation Iron Swords” (both in 2023)
z Israel declared a State of War

Impact on the World


z Global Shipping: Increased insurance premiums.
z Oil Prices: Potential rise due to instability.
z Regional Instability: Involvement of global powers like the US,
Russia, and Iran.
z Global Economy: Further deterioration due to ongoing conflicts.
z Israel-Arab Relations: Potential reversal of normalization
efforts.

India’s Stand
z India’s Response: Supports a Two-state solution for Israel
and Palestine, Condemnation of civilian attacks, call for peaceful
resolution.
z Impact on India: Trade disruptions, increased insurance costs,
impact on defense imports, and diplomatic considerations.

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


z The UN Economic and Social | It seeks to demonstrate global unity
Council (ECOSOC) held elections to fill in advocating for a resolution to the
India & World vacancies in 17 subsidiary bodies, and conflict.
India was elected by acclamation to several | Nations from the Global South are
key bodies. invited to ensure diverse representation
9th Raisina Dialogue 2024 Held in and perspectives.
z India was elected to the Commission on
New Delhi | The summit will focus largely on
the Status of Women for the term 2025- Ukraine’s 10-Point Peace Plan.
z The 9th Raisina Dialogue was 2029, showing its commitment to gender
inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra equality and women’s empowerment. India Donates $500K to UN Counter-
Modi, with Greece’s Prime Minister Terrorism Fund
z India gained seats on the Executive
Kyriakos Mitsotakis as the Chief Guest.
Boards of UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, z India’s contribution of US$500,000 to
z The dialogue was held from February UNOPS, and WFP for the term 2025-2027. the UN Counter-Terrorism Trust Fund
21-23, 2024, in New Delhi, with the indeed underscores its commitment to
theme ‘Chaturanga: Conflict, Contest, z The United Nations Population Fund
addressing terrorism on a global scale, with
Cooperate, Create.’ (UNFPA) focuses on population and
a focus on Africa.
reproductive health, while the World Food
z The event saw over 2,500 participants z This move aligns with India’s
Programme (WFP) is the world’s largest
from more than 115 countries. longstanding efforts to combat terrorism
humanitarian organization dedicated to and promote international security.
z Named after Raisina Hill, the dialogue
saving lives and promoting peace and
is India’s flagship conference on geopolitics
and geo-economics, hosted annually by
prosperity through food assistance. India Begins Negotiations for Free
the Observer Research Foundation Trade Agreement with EEU
(ORF) in collaboration with the Ministry
Farsi Added to India’s Classical
z India commenced negotiations for a
of External Affairs, Government of India. Languages Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the
The first session was held in 2016. Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), aiming
z The Raisina Dialogue is organized
to enhance trade relations​.
similarly to the Shangri-La Dialogue z The EEU comprises Russia, Belarus,
in Singapore and the Munich Security Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan,
Conference in Germany. representing a significant economic bloc​​.
z The FTA is anticipated to boost India’s
Nordic-Baltic Participation in Raisina exports to EEU countries, especially in
engineering goods, electronics, and
Dialogue agriculture​​.
z This agreement aligns with India’s
z The Government of India has decided to broader strategy to diversify trade partners
include Farsi (Persian) as one of the nine and secure new markets amid global
classical languages in India under the New economic shifts​​.
Education Policy. z The FTA negotiations will focus on
reducing tariffs, improving market access,
z External Affairs Minister S and fostering bilateral investments
Jaishankar announced during his visit between India and the EEU​​.
to Iran, highlighting the cultural, literary,
and linguistic connections between Iran Controversy Over Katchatheevu
and India. Island Resurfaces
z Tamil was the first language in India
z The eight Nordic-Baltic countries to be accorded classical language status
participated in the Raisina Dialogue in New
in 2004, and other classical languages in
Delhi. This regional cooperation format
India include Telugu, Sanskrit, Kannada,
was established in 1992 and renamed
NB8 in 2000. Malayalam, and Odia.
z The combined economy of NB8 exceeds z The National Education Policy 2020
USD 2.012 trillion, with a population of states the importance of preserving
over 27 million, contributing to high living Pali, Persian, and Prakrit languages
standards. and their works of literature.
z Cooperation between India and NB8 z The Katchatheevu Island controversy
Global Peace Summit on Ukraine
includes innovation, green transition, has become a major political issue in
Discussed by Indian PM Tamil Nadu ahead of the 2024 Lok Sabha
maritime affairs, health, IP rights, new
technologies, space, AI, student exchanges, z Recently, the Indian Prime Minister elections.
culture, and tourism. held a telephonic conversation with the z Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Presidents of Russia and Ukraine. He has criticized the Congress and DMK for giving
been invited to the upcoming Global Peace Katchatheevu Island to Sri Lanka in 1974,
India Elected to Key UN Bodies Summit in Switzerland. calling it a reckless decision.
z India successfully secured the z Hosted by (Proposed): Switzerland
z Katchatheevu is a 285-acre island in the
re-election of Jagjit Pavadia for a z Aim and Agenda of the Summit: Palk Strait that was transferred to Sri
third term on the International Narcotics | The summit aims to bring together Lanka under the 1974 Indo-Sri Lankan
Control Board (INCB) from March 2025 world leaders to discuss strategies to halt Maritime Agreement signed by then
to 2030. Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

34 Half Yearly CA Magazine 2024 Vol.-1

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


LEARNING THROUGH MAPS

Find the places on World Map.


1. Identify the country that dismissed Indian claims of
"reclaiming" Kachchatheevu island.
2. Find the country where the world's highest observatory,
Atacama Observatory (TAO), is located.
3. Locate the country that pledged 1 billion in military aid to
Ukraine.
4. Identify the country that shares the Gulf of Tonkin with
China.
5. Rafah Crossing has recently been in the news. Identify the
country that shares this crossing point with Egypt.
6. Identify the country that first introduced Digital Schengen
visas in 2024.
7. Identify the country where ‘Kyiv’ City is located, which was
recently in the news for conflicting with Russia.
8. Which country is planning to build Neom, a futuristic
megacity?

PUZZLE 1
Across
3. This country introduced the resolution titled 'Measures to
Combat Islamophobia' at the UNGA?
2 3 4. This language was recently added to India's list of classical
4 5
languages.
6. This country is proposed to host the Global Peace Summit on
6
Ukraine.
7. This country recently became the leading source of goods
7 imported to the United States, surpassing China?
8. Here is the BIMSTEC Secretariat located.
Down
1. What is the name of the EU's naval mission launched to protect cargo ships in the Red Sea?
8 2. Who is the current Prime Minister of the UK who promised to start sending asylum
seekers to Rwanda?
5. The capital of the Italy?

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS


8. Dhaka Mexico 7. 6. Switzerland Rome 5. Farsi 4. Pakistan Rishisunak 3. 2. Aspides 1.
Answer Key (Puzzle):
Scan Me Saudi Arabia 8. France 7. Kyiv 6. Rafah Crossing 5. Vietnam 4. Spain 3. 2. Chile (Cerro Chajnantor) Sri Lanka 1.
Answer Key (Map):

International Affairs 51

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


THE IDEA OF DEMOCRACY:
SAM PITRODA’S NEW BOOK

z Sam Pitroda’s latest book, “The Idea of Democracy,” is a


compelling exploration of democratic principles and practices
in the contemporary world.
z In this book, Pitroda delves into the fundamental tenets of
democracy, examining its evolution, current challenges, and
future prospects.
z Drawing from his extensive experience as a technocrat
and policymaker, Pitroda offers unique insights into how
technology and innovation can bolster democratic processes
and institutions.

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


Themes and Concepts Professional Career
z “The Idea of Democracy” covers z Early Career in the United States Books and Authors
a broad range of themes, including the z Founded Wescom Switching, a digital
historical evolution of democracy, the role switching company in the US.
of technology in democratic governance, the z Developed a strong foundation in EAM Jaishankar received copy of
importance of inclusive and participatory telecommunications and digital technology. book ‘India’s Nuclear Titans’
decision-making, and the impact of
globalization on democratic institutions. Return to India
z Pitroda emphasizes the need for z Invited by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi
transparency, accountability, and citizen to return to India in the early 1980s.
engagement in ensuring the robustness z Appointed as the advisor to the Prime
and resilience of democratic systems. Minister on technology missions.

Globalization and Democracy Policy Influence and Government


Roles z
z The book examines the impact of
globalization on democratic institutions. z Served as advisor to the Prime Minister z External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar
on Public Information Infrastructure and received a copy of the book ‘India’s
z Pitroda discusses the challenges posed Nuclear Titans,’ edited by Soumya
Innovations.
by global interconnectedness, such as the Awasthi and Shrabana Barua.
z Chaired the National Innovation Council.
erosion of national sovereignty and the
influence of transnational corporations on z Contributed to policy-making in various z ‘India’s Nuclear Titans’ traces the
domestic politics. sectors, including information technology, evolution of India into a nuclear state
education, and infrastructure. while highlighting the pivotal roles played
z He calls for a reimagining of democratic by renowned figures like Homi Bhabha,
governance in a globalized world, Notable Awards And Honors After It Vikram Sarabhai, Abdul Kalam, and K.
emphasizing the need for international To Sam Pitroda Subrahmanyam, among others.
cooperation and solidarity.
z The book aims to give a brief but
Award/Honor Year complete picture of India’s nuclear story.
Early Life and Education
Padma Bhushan 2009
z Born as Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Dataquest IT Lifetime Harinder Sikka pens new novel
on 4 May 1942, in Titilagarh, Odisha, India. 'Gobind'
Achievement Award 2002
z Raised in a family that valued education
and innovation. IEEE Simon Ramo Medal 2020 z In his new book “Gobind,” author
World Telecommunication and Harinder Sikka—whose book “Calling
Academic Pursuits Information Society Award 2011 Sehmat” was made into the 2018 film
“Raazi,” starring Alia Bhatt—delves
z Completed his Master’s degree in Marconi Prize 2014 into the depths of human emotion and
Physics and Electronics from Maharaja ITU World Telecommunication resiliency.
Sayajirao University in Vadodara. and Information Society Award 2011 z In a story that speaks to themes of love,
z Furthered his studies in Electrical
Lifetime Achievement Award by loyalty, and redemption, Sikka sets the
Engineering at the Illinois Institute of
Rajiv Gandhi Foundation 2009 heroic spirit of the Indian Navy against the
Technology in Chicago, USA.
backdrop of poverty in Bihar.
Notable Books Authored By Sam Pitroda z Readers are introduced to the title
character of “Gobind,” a man raised in the
Year of harsh reality of a poor Sikh family in Bihar.
Title Description
Publication
Anuradha Mascarenhas authored a
Explores the evolution, challenges, book ‘At The Wheel of Research’
“The Idea of Democracy” 2023 and future prospects of democracy,
z Anuradha Mascarenhas has authored
emphasizing technology’s role.
a new book titled “At The Wheel of
Autobiography detailing Pitroda’s journey Research: An Exclusive Biography of
“Dreaming Big: My Journey Dr. Soumya Swaminathan”.
2015 and contributions to India’s telecom
to Connect India”
revolution. z Anuradha Mascarenhas, Senior
Assistant Editor at The Indian Express,
“March of Mobile Money: Discusses the impact and future of mobile delves into the remarkable career of Dr.
The Future of Lifestyle 2013 money and its role in financial inclusion Soumya Swaminathan, the inaugural chief
Management” and lifestyle management. scientist at the World Health Organization
during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Examines the intersection of development,
“Development, Democracy, z The book provides insights into
1993 democracy, and telecommunications in
and the Village Telephone” Swaminathan’s life, drawing upon
rural India.
interviews with family members, close
friends, and eminent scientists.

Books and Authors 219

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


SUNITA WILLIAMS' HISTORIC THIRD SPACE FLIGHT

MISSION OVERVIEW

z Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, Florida.


z Spacecraft: Boeing Starliner.
z Crew Members: Sunita Williams (pilot) and Barry "Butch" Wilmore
(Veteran of two spaceflights, totaling 178 days in space).
z Significance: Boeing joined SpaceX as the second private firm to provide
crew transport to and from the ISS.
z Objective: Assess the spacecraft’s functionalities from launch to docking
and its return to Earth in the western United States.

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


Key Details
First Woman on a Maiden Mission:
Indian-origin NASA astronaut Sunita
Williams, at 59 years old, has made history
by becoming the first woman to pilot a
test spacecraft on its maiden crewed
mission. She flew aboard the Boeing
Starliner alongside astronaut Barry
“Butch” Wilmore.

minutes (currently in space age of | Graduate: Master of Science in


27 June 2024) in space over her three Engineering Management from Florida
missions and has performed seven Institute of Technology (1995).
Spacecraft: The Boeing Starliner launched spacewalks, totaling 50 hours and 40
from the Cape Canaveral Space Force minutes, holding the record for the most Military and NASA Career
Station in Florida on June 5, 2024, spacewalks by a woman until 2017.
z Military Service:
using the United Launch Alliance’s Atlas
V rocket. Sunita Williams: Personal | Commissioned as an Ensign in the US
Background and Early Career Navy in 1987.
| Designated as a Naval Aviator in July
z Full Name: Sunita Lyn Williams (née
Pandya). 1989.
| Served in Helicopter Combat Support
z Nicknames: Suni (in the United
Squadrons, participated in Operation
States), Sončka (in Slovenia).
Desert Shield, Operation Provide
z Date of Birth: September 19, 1965. Comfort, and Hurricane Andrew relief
z Place of Birth: Euclid, Ohio, U.S. operations.
z Heritage: Indian-American father | Became a naval test pilot in 1993 and
(Deepak Pandya) and Slovene-American later a test pilot instructor, flying over 30
mother (Ursuline Bonnie Zalokar Pandya). different aircraft types.
| Logged over 3,000 flight hours.

Mission Details z NASA Career:


| Selected as an astronaut by NASA in
z The flight was delayed multiple times
1998.
due to technical issues, including a helium
leak and a ground power supply issue. | Began astronaut training at Johnson
Space Center in August 1998.
z The weather was 90% favorable for the
launch on the third attempt. Space Missions
Mission Objectives
z Expedition 14/15 (2006-2007):
Indian-origin astronaut Sunita Williams
| Launch: Aboard Space Shuttle
entered the International Space Station
(ISS) after a 24-hour journey aboard the Discovery (STS-116) on December 9,
2006.
Starliner spacecraft, which she piloted to
space. | Duration: 195 days in space.

The mission aims to prepare the Starliner | Accomplishments:


for future NASA missions to low Earth ‹ Set the record for the longest
orbit and beyond. single spaceflight by a woman.
Design Contribution: Williams has been ‹ Completed four spacewalks
instrumental in designing the Starliner totaling 29 hours and 17 minutes.
over the past ten years. Education: ‹ Ran the Boston Marathon on the
Return Plan: The Starliner is scheduled to | High School: Needham High School, ISS treadmill.
return to Earth on June 10, 2024, using a graduated in 1983. z Expedition 32/33 (2012):
parachute and airbag-assisted landing. | Undergraduate: Bachelor of Science | Launch: Aboard Soyuz TMA-05M
Notable Achievements: Williams has in Physical Science from the United from Baikonur Cosmodrome on July
spent a total of 343 days, 9 hours, 50 States Naval Academy (1987). 14, 2012.

108 Half Yearly CA Magazine 2024 Vol.-1

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


G-7 ITALIA 2024

Theme : “Building a Resilient and Inclusive Global Economy.”


Event 50th G7 Summit
Host Country Italy
Venue Borgo Egnazia, Apulia, Italy
Dates June 13-15, 2024
Host Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni
Participants Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, US, EU
India, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Brazil, Argentina, Turkey, UAE, Kenya, Algeria, Tunisia, Mauritania (AU),
Invited Guests
Vatican City
Key Topics Ukraine conflict, Middle East issues, climate change, AI
Special Sessions Outreach on AI, energy, Africa, Mediterranean
Expected Outcomes Joint statements, policy agreements, strategic partnerships
Bilateral Meetings PM Modi with Italian PM Meloni, among others

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


PARTICIPANTS AND REPRESENTATIVES

Prime Minister – Giorgia Meloni (Host)


Vision: Promoting national sovereignty and Elections: Elected Prime Minister in 2022
economic stability Leadership: Leader of Brothers of Italy since 2014
Education: University of Rome (Journalism) Focus: Immigration, economic growth, national
Career: Journalist and politician security, social issues
Political Entry: Elected to Rome City Council in 1998

President – Emmanuel Macron


Vision: Reforming France and strengthening the EU Elections: Elected President in 2017, re-elected in
Education: École Nationale d'Administration (ENA) 2022
Career: Former investment banker and civil servant Leadership: Leader of La République En Marche
since 2016
Political Entry: Deputy Secretary-General under
François Hollande Focus: Economic reforms, climate change, EU
integration, social policies

Chancellor – Olaf Scholz


Vision: Modernizing Germany and addressing Elections: Elected Chancellor in 2021
climate change Leadership: Leader of the SPD since 2021
Education: University of Hamburg (Law degree) Focus: Climate policy, social justice, economic
Career: Lawyer and politician growth, European integration
Political Entry: Joined the SPD in 1975

Prime Minister – Justin Trudeau


Prime Minister: Canada's 23rd PM. Elections: Elected in 2008, re-elected in 2011, 2015,
Vision: Fair chance for all Canadians. 2019, 2021.
Education: McGill University (BA), UBC education Leadership: Liberal Party Leader since April 2013.
program. Focus: Climate change, jobs, affordability, safety,
Career: Former teacher in Vancouver. Indigenous reconciliation.
Political Entry: Won Liberal nomination in Papineau
in 2007.
Prime Minister – Fumio Kishida
Vision: Revitalizing the economy and strengthening Elections: Elected Prime Minister in 2021
international alliances Leadership: Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party
Education: Waseda University (Law degree) since 2021
Career: Politician and former banker Focus: Economic recovery, defense, technology,
Political Entry: Elected to the House of international relations
Representatives in 1993

Prime Minister – Rishi Sunak


Vision: Building a stronger and fairer economy Political Entry: Elected MP for Richmond in 2015
Education: Oxford University (BA), Stanford Elections: Became Prime Minister in 2022
University (MBA) Leadership: Leader of the Conservative Party since
Career: Former investment banker and 2022
businessman Focus: Economy, healthcare, education, Brexit

President – Joe Biden


Vision: Uniting the country and building back better Elections: Elected President in 2020
Education: University of Delaware (BA), Syracuse Leadership: 46th President of the United States
University (JD) Focus: COVID-19 response, economic recovery,
Career: Former Vice President and long-time climate change, social justice
Senator
Political Entry: Elected to New Castle County
Council in 1970

Summit and Conference 139

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


Sports Affairs

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


TATA IPL 2024 IPL 2024 Teams IPL 2024 Venues
Chennai Captain - Ruturaj z The league stage was played at 13
Super Gaikwad stadiums across India.
Kings Owner - Chennai Super z The opening match was played at M. A.
Kings Cricket Ltd. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai.
Coach - Stephen Fleming
Venue - M. A.
TATA IPL 2024 Champion
Chidambaram Stadium
Delhi Captain - Rishabh Pant
Capitals
Owner - GMR Sports Pvt.
z The 2024 Indian Premier League was Ltd & JSW Sports Pvt Ltd
the 17th edition of the Indian Premier Coach - Ricky Ponting
League. Venue - Arun Jaitley
Stadium
z The league is, a franchise Twenty20
Kolkata Captain - Shreyas Iyer
cricket league in India, organized by the Knight Owner - Knight Riders
Board of Control for Cricket in India. Riders Sports Private Ltd
z The tournament featured ten teams Coach - Chandrakant
competing in 74 matches from 22 March Pandit
to 26 May 2024. Venue - Eden Gardens
Lucknow Captain - KL Rahul z Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) clinched
z It was held across 13 cities in India, with Super the TATA Indian Premier League (IPL)
Owner - RPSG Group
Chennai hosting the opening ceremony Giants 2024 title with a dominating all-round
Coach - Justin Langer performance against Sunrisers Hyderabad
and the final.
Venue - BRSABV Ekana (SRH) in the final at the MA Chidambaram
Cricket Stadium Stadium in Chennai.
Franchise Teams
Mumbai Captain - Hardik Pandya z At the same ground in 2012, KKR had
Indians Owner - Indiawin Sports clinched their maiden title, and on 26 May
Pvt. Ltd 2024, they scripted an encore to lift their
Coach - Mark Boucher third trophy.
Venue - Wankhede z Shreyas Iyer became only the second
Stadium KKR captain to win the IPL title after
Gautam Gambhir (2012 and 2014).
Punjab Captain - Shikhar Dhawan
Kings Owner - KPH Dream
Cricket Private Limited
Coach - Trevor Bayliss
Venue - PCA New
Stadium, Mullanpur
Rajasthan Captain - Sanju Samson
Royals Owner - The Royals Sports
Group
Coach - Kumar
z The Indian Premier League (IPL) 2024 Sangakkara
z In the final, KKR bowlers restricted
season saw 10 teams competing for the Venue - Sawai Mansingh the dangerous SRH batting line-up to 113,
coveted trophy. Let's take a look at the IPL Stadium which was chased down in only 10.3 overs
2024 teams: Royal Captain - Faf du Plessis with eight wickets in hand.
Challengers Owner - United Spirits z Their victories included an 18-run win
Bengaluru Limited (USL) over Mumbai Indians and a 98-run win
Coach - Andy Flower over Lucknow Super Giants.
Venue - M. Chinnaswamy z Sunil Narine played a crucial role in
Stadium KKR’s success, delivering a swashbuckling
Sunrisers Captain - Pat Cummins knock of 81 (39) against Lucknow Super
Hyderabad Owner - SUN TV Network Giants and contributing significantly in the
final.
Coach - Daniel Vettori
z Venkatesh Iyer also made notable
Venue - Rajiv Gandhi Intl. contributions, scoring a quick 50 off 30
Cricket Stadium against Royal Challengers Bengaluru.

162 Half Yearly CA Magazine 2024 Vol.-1

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


1. In which state was the foundation stone of 18. Between which countries was the joint military 34. Where was the 12th General Assembly of the
ISRO’s second spaceport laid? exercise ‘Dharma Guardian’ organized in Asian Buddhist Conference for Peace (ABCP)
-Tamil Nadu (Kulasekharapattinam) February 2024? -India and Japan held in February 2024? -New Delhi, India
2. Who has been appointed by the World Gold 19. Who won the Best Male Actor Award at the 35. Who won The Best FIFA Men’s Player Award in
Council as its new CEO for India? Screen Actors Guild Awards in February 2024? February 2024? -Lionel Messi
-Sachin Jain -Cillian Murphy
36. According to NITI Aayog, how many people
3. When was ‘Annual Financial Literacy’ week 20. In which country was the SAFF Under-16 lifted themselves out of poverty in the last
organized by RBI in 2024? -February 26 - March 1 Women’s Championship organized in February nine years as of February 2024?
2024? -Nepal -Around 25 crore
4. Whom did President Draupadi Murmu appoint
as the Chairman of Lokpal in February 2024? 21. Where was the global textile event ‘Bharat Tex
2024’ organized? -New Delhi 37. Where did the 54th World Economic Forum
- Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar
Summit begin in February 2024?
5. With which country did the Ministry of AYUSH 22. With whom did the Bihar state government -Davos, Switzerland
sign an agreement to promote Ayurveda in sign an agreement to promote the startup
February 2024? -Thailand
ecosystem in February 2024? -SIDBI 38. What significant ritual began for the
23. Who laid the foundation stone of the first consecration of Ram Lala Virajman in February
6. With whom did the Election Commission start
railway station of Sikkim state in February 2024? -Pran Pratishtha
the ‘Mera Pehla Vote Desh Ke Liye’ campaign
in February 2024? -Ministry of Education
2024? -PM Narendra Modi 39. Who became the new King of Denmark in
7. What is the theme of National Science Day 24. When was the first match of IPL 2024 played February 2024? -Frederik X
2024? between Chennai Super Kings and Royal 40. Who lost in the men’s doubles final at the
-“Indigenous Technologies for Viksit Bharat” Challenger Bangalore? -22 March 2024
Malaysia Open Super 1000 in February 2024?
25. Who was appointed as the new Vigilance -Satwiksairaj Rankireddy and Chirag Shetty
8. How many astronauts were nominated for the Commissioner in the Central Vigilance
Gaganyaan mission in February 2024? -4
Commission in February 2024? -Shri AS Rajeev 41. Who recently took oath as a judicial member
9. When is World NGO Day celebrated every year? of Lokpal? -Ritu Raj Awasthi
26. Where was the three-day International Geeta
-27 February
Mahotsav organized in February 2024? 42. Who has been appointed by Microsoft as the
10. Where was a new regional office of the Central -Colombo new head of both Windows and Surface in
Board of Film Certification established in 27. Former Speaker of Lok Sabha Manohar Joshi March 2024? -Pawan Davuluri
February 2024? -Chandigarh
passed away in February 2024, he was also the 43. Which Indian has been appointed by the UN
11. In which Indian state was the world’s first Vedic former Chief Minister of which state? Secretary General as his Special Representative
clock established in February 2024? -Maharashtra for Disaster Risk Reduction in March 2024?
-Madhya Pradesh (Ujjain) -Kamal Kishore
28. Who became the first Indian bowler to take
12. Which New Zealand’s fast bowler retired from 100 wickets against England in Test cricket in 44. Who has Rajasthan Royals included in the team
international cricket in February 2024? February 2024? -Ravichandran Ashwin as a replacement for Prasidh Krishna in March
-Neil Wagner,
29. Which IIT launched India’s largest drone pilot 2024? -Keshav Maharaj
13. Who made the record of the fastest century training facility in February 2024?-IIT Guwahati
45. Who is the first umpire from Bangladesh to
in T20 International cricket history in February 30. Where were the Khelo India Youth Games 2024 be included in the ICC Elite Panel of Umpires
2024? -Estonia’s Sahil Chauhan held from 19 January to 31 January 2024? in March 2024? -Sharafuddaulah Ibne Shahid
14. In which country was the Mobile World -Tamil Nadu (Chennai, Madurai, Trichy and Coimbatore)
46. In which country is the Popocatepetl volcano,
Congress 2024 organized in February 2024? 31. What campaign did the Indian government
-Spain which was in discussion in March 2024,
launch in February 2024 to promote and located? -Mexico
15. How many railway stations were redeveloped monitor flagship central schemes?
under the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme as -Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra 47. In which country is the Baltimore Bridge, which
announced in February 2024? -553 was in the news in March 2024, located? -USA
32. Which heritage corridor project was unveiled
16. Which is India’s longest cable-stayed bridge, by the Odisha CM in February 2024 around 48. According to Brand Finance Insurance 100
inaugurated by PM Modi in February 2024? Puri’s Jagannath Temple? 2024 report, which is the strongest insurance
-Sudarshan Setu (Gujarat) -“Shree Mandir Parikrama Prakalpa” brand? -Life Insurance Corporation of India

17. Who inaugurated the global textile event 33. Where did the Wings India 2024 event 49. In which state was a 900-year-old Kannada
‘Bharat Tex 2024’ in February 2024? commence in February 2024? inscription of the Kalyana Chalukya dynasty
-PM Narendra Modi -Begumpet Airport in Hyderabad found in March 2024? -Telangana

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


50. Which team made the biggest team score in 68. Who has been appointed as the new 87. Who recently inaugurated the regional airline
IPL history in March 2024? C o mmissio ner of Mu mbai Mun icip al service Fly91 in March 2024?
-Sunrisers Hyderabad Corporation in March 2024? -Bhushan Gagrani -Jyotiraditya Scindia

51. Who was appointed as Additional Judge of 69. Where was the 4th Shanghai Cooperation 88. Where did Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court Organization Startup Forum organized in inaugurate the Kochrab Ashram in March 2024?
in March 2024? -Justice Mohammad Yusuf Wani March 2024? -New Delhi -Gujarat

52. ‘Nimmu-Padam-Darcha’ road connects which 70. Who has recently been appointed as the new 89. Who has been elected as the new Chief
two states, as mentioned in March 2024? Director General of Police of West Bengal in Minister of Haryana in March 2024?
-Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh March 2024? -Sanjay Mukherjee -Naib Saini

53. Which Gulf country will participate in the Miss 71. Who has recently been nominated for the 90. Who won the ICC Men’s Player of the Month
Universe pageant for the first time in March prestigious Saraswati Samman-2023 in March award for the month of February 2024?
2024? -Saudi Arabia 2024? -Prabha Verma -Yashasvi Jaiswal

54. Who has been named as the new Ambassador 72. Who has taken charge as the President of 91. Exercise Cutlass Express 2024 was organized
of India to Myanmar in March 2024? Indian Steel Association in March 2024? in which country in March 2024? -Seychelles
-Abhay Thakur -Naveen Jindal
92. Who launched “Subhash Abhinandan”, a
55. Who has acquired Lanco Amarkantak Power 73. Leo Varadkar, who recently resigned, was the digital exhibition based on the life of Subhash
Limited, as approved by CCI in March 2024? Prime Minister of which country in March 2024? Chandra Bose in March 2024?
-Ireland -Arjun Ram Meghwal
-Adani Power Limited
74. When is World Forestry Day celebrated every 93. Which missile was successfully tested with
56. Who led the Indian delegation to the 148th
year? -21 March MIRV technology recently in March 2024?
meeting of the Inter-Parliamentary Union in -Agni-V intercontinental ballistic missile
Geneva in March 2024? 75. Where was the fourth edition of the Shanghai
-Harivansh Narayan Singh Cooperation Organization Startup Forum held 94. Who inaugurated India’s first elevated 8-lane
in March 2024? -New Delhi expressway in March 2024? -Narendra Modi
57. Who won the gold medal in the 59 kg youth
category in the recent Para Powerlifting World 76. Who has been selected as the new Election 95. Who won the Best Actor Award at the Academy
Cup in March 2024? -Vinay Commissioner in March 2024? Awards 2024 (Oscars)? -Cillian Murphy
-Sukhbir Sandhu and Gyanesh Kumar 96. Kristina Pijkova, who won the 71st Miss World
58. Who has been appointed the head of the
title in March 2024, belongs to which country?
National Investigation Agency in March 2024? 77. The recently discussed ‘Mahtari Vandan Yojana’ -Czech Republic
-Sadanand Vasant Date was started by which state government in
March 2024? -Chhattisgarh 97. Who took oath as the 14th President of
59. Which app has been launched to make the
Pakistan in March 2024? -Asif Ali Zardari
election process easier for the disabled in 78. Who launched Prasar Bharati’s new service
March 2024? -‘Saksham’ PB-’Shabd’ in March 2024? -Anurag Thakur
98. Union Minister Narayan Rane recently laid the
foundation stone of MSME-Technology Center
60. Chandrayaan-3 landing site was recognized 79. Who has been honored with the award of in which state in March 2024? -Maharashtra
by the International Astronomical Union, what Outstanding Male Cricketer of the Year for
was it named in March 2024? 99. In which state of India was the world’s longest
New Zealand in March 2024? -Rachin Ravindra
-Statio ‘Shiv Shakti’ twin-lane tunnel inaugurated in March 2024?
80. Who is the chairman of the committee formed -Arunachal Pradesh
61. In which city will the Cinevistar International on ‘One Nation One Election’ that submitted its
100. Who was honored with the ‘Miss World
Film Festival be organized in March 2024? report in March 2024? -Ramnath Kovind
Humanitarian Award’ in March 2024?
-Chandigarh 81. India’s first automobile in-plant railway siding -Nita Ambani
62. Who won two gold medals in the Indian project was inaugurated in which state in
101. Which country has become a new member of
Masters National Badminton Championship March 2024? -Gujarat
the military alliance NATO in March 2024?
2024 in March 2024? -Naheed Divecha 82. Which Union Minister launched the credit -Sweden
63. Which team won the title of Boxing Sub Junior assistance program for Jan Aushadhi Kendras
102. With whom has the Reserve Bank of India
National Championship in March 2024? in March 2024? -Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya
signed an agreement to promote the use of
-Haryana 83. With whom has SBI partnered for its local currencies in March 2024?
64. TRAI has issued recommendations on ‘Use transaction banking platform in March 2024? -Bank Indonesia
-Aurionpro
of Embedded SIM for Machine-to-Machine 103. With which country will the Indian Coast Guard
Communication’ in March 2024, when was TRAI 84. India recently signed an agreement with which organize ‘Sea Defenders-2024’ in March 2024?
established? -1997 country to establish a Joint Economic and -USA
65. Who has been selected as the flag bearer for Trade Committee in March 2024?
104. Where will ‘Bharat-Shakti’, the joint exercise
India at Paris Olympics 2024 in March 2024? -Dominican Republic
of the three armies of India, be organized in
-Sharath Kamal
85. According to SIPRI report, which country is the March 2024? -Pokhran, Rajasthan
66. ISRO successfully tested the landing mission world’s top arms importer between 2019-2023? 105. Which country has become 99th member of
of the reusable launch vehicle in March 2024, -India the International Solar Alliance in May 2024?
what is it called? -‘Pushpak’ 86. Where did PM Modi lay the foundation stone
-Spain
67. Who has been appointed as the new President of India’s first commercial semiconductor 106. Whom did President Draupadi Murmu recently
of the Federation of Indian Export Organization fabrication service in March 2024? nominate to Rajya Sabha in March 2024?
in March 2024? -Ashwini Kumar -Gujarat (Dholera) -Sudha Murthy

224 Half Yearly CA Magazine 2024 Vol.-1

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


Office Officer Holder’s Name
President Draupadi Murmu (New)
Vice President & Rajya Sabha Chairman Jaideep Dhankad (New)
Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud (New)
Speaker of the Lok Sabha Vacant
Chief Election Commissioner Rajiv Kumar (New)
Chief Information Commissioner Heeralal Samariya (New)
Chairman of Union Public Service Commission Manoj Soni (New)
Comptroller and Auditor General of India Girish Chandra Murmu (New)
Chairman of CBSE Rahul Singh (New)
Chairman of NCERT Dr. Dinesh Prasad Saklani (New)
Attorney General of India R. Venkataramani
Home Minister Amit Shah
Finance Minister Niramala Sitharaman
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw
External Affairs Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar
HRD Minister Dharmendra Pradhan
Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan
Law & Justice Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal (MoS- Independent Charges)
Information & Broadcast Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw
Cabinet Secretary of India Rajiv Gauba
Principal Secretary to Prime Minister Pramod Kumar Mishra
Additional Principal Secretary to Prime Minister S. Gopalakrishnan, Punya Salila Srivastava, Hari Ranjan Rao, Atish
Chandra
Advisors to Prime Minister Amit Khare, Tarun Kapoor (New)
Secretary General of the Lok Sabha Utpal Kumar Singh
Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha P.C. Mody
Railway Board CEO Jaya Varma Sinha (New)
Home Secretary Ajay Kumar Bhalla
Finance Secretary T. V. Somanathan
Defence Secretary Giridhar Aramane
Foreign Secretary Vijay Mohan Kwatra
Solicitor General of India Tushar Mehta
Chief Economic Adviser V Anantha Nageswaran (New)
Chairman, National Human Rights Commission Arun Kumar Mishra (New)
Chairman, National Commission for Minorities Iqbal Singh Lalpura (New)
Chairman of National Commission for Scheduled Caste Kishore Makwana (New)
Chairman of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes Antar Singh Arya (New)
Chairman of National Commission for Backward Classes Hansraj Gangaram Ahir (New)
Chairman, National Commission for Women Rekha Sharma

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)


simplify the provisions related to appointment 11. Which of the following pairs of types of banks
SBI Clerk Mains of Trustees, their terms and conditions, and their numbers is not correctly matched?
2024 (February) holding of meetings of Board of Trustees and (a) Public sector banks -12
appointment of CEO - NPS Trust. Amendments (b) Regional Rural Banks – 43
1. Arjuna Award winner Ayhika Mukherjee is to Pension Fund Regulations simplify the
(c) Local Area Banks - 4
associated with which of the following sports? provisions related to governance of Pension
Funds in line with ________. (d) Small Finance Bank -11
(a) Badminton (b) Squash
(a) Companies Act, 2013 (e) Payments Bank – 6
(c) Table Tennis (d) Hockey
(b) Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008 12. Which of the following types of banks can not
(e) Lawn Tennis
(c) Prevention of Money-Laundering Act, extend MUDRA loan?
2. Which tiger reserve has been recognized (a) Regional Rural Banks
2002
as India’s first Dark Sky Park and the fifth
in Asia, aimed at preserving the night sky (d) Banking Regulation Acts 1949 (b) Payments Bank
and preventing light pollution, appealing to (e) Pension Reforms Act (PFRDAAct, 2013) (c) Small Finance Bank
astronomy enthusiasts? 7. The Ram Mandir in Ayodhya is designed in (d) NBFCs
(a) Bandipur Tiger Reserve which style of architecture? (e) MFIs
(b) Pench Tiger Reserve (a) Dravida (b) Vesara 13. Which of the following union territories have
(c) Kanha Tiger Reserve (c) Nagara (d) Western the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)?
(d) Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve (e) Rajput (a) Ladakh
(e) Sariska Tiger Reserve 8. Recently, ISRO’s third lunar mission (b) Puducherry
3. The Union Government has extended the term Chandrayaan-3 landed on the moon while the (c) Andaman and Nicobar
of the CBDT Chairperson Nitin Gupta by ________. first moon mission was launched by NASA. So (d) Lakshadweep
(a) 3 months (b) 6 months far, how many times has the NASA mission (e) Dadra and Nagar Haveli
landed on the moon?
(c) 9 months (d) 12 months 14. As per RBI guidelines, a savings account will
(e) 18 months (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10 be treated as inoperative / dormant if there
(e) 12 are no transactions in the account for over a
4. Government has launched PM JANMAN (PM-
9. In collaboration with which bank and the period of ________.
Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan) which is
aimed at comprehensive development of 75 Reserve Bank Innovation Hub (RBIH) the DLabs (a) six month (b) one year
Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) at the Indian School of Business (ISB) launched (c) two years (d) three years
(a) 10 states (b) 12 states ‘Build for Billions’ a startup accelerator (e) None of the above
program to focus on promoting financial
(c) 15 states (d) 18 states 15. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has included
inclusion for the informal economy?
(e) 22 states how many nonbanking finance companies
(a) Canara Bank (NBFCs) in the upper layer under scale based
5. Govt launched the MPLADS e-SAKSHI Mobile (b) Indian Bank regulation for NBFCs for the year 2023-24?
Application for revised fund flow procedure
under MPLAD Scheme. What amount of funds (c) Bank of India (a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 18
each year MPs receive under MPLAD Scheme? (d) Union Bank of India (e) 20
(a) Rs. 2 crore (b) Rs. 3 crore (e) State Bank of India 16. Which fintech company has signed an
(c) Rs. 4 crore (d) Rs. 5 crore 10. According to the annual survey on International agreement with the NPCI International
(e) Rs. 7 crore Trade in Banking Services (ITBS, 2022-23, Indian Payments to expand the scope of Unified
banks expanded their global presence through Payments Interface (UPI) payments outside
6. Th e Pe n s i o n F u n d R e g u l a t o r y a n d ________. India?
Development Authority (PFRDA) has notified
the National Pension System Trust (Second (a) branch route (b) subsidiaries route (a) PhonePe (b) Google Pay
Amendment) Regulations 2023 and Pension (c) join venture route (d) Both A and B (c) Paytm (d) Mobikwik
Fund (Amendment) Regulations 2023 that (e) None of the above (e) Amazon Pay

Half Yearly Vol 1 (Jan to June)

You might also like