3F9454B

S3C9454B/F9454B
8-BIT CMOS
MICROCONTROLLER
USER'S MANUAL
Revision 1
Important Notice
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time of publication. Samsung assumes no "Typicals" must be validated for each customer
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S3C9454B/F9454B 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller

User's Manual, Revision 1
Publication Number: 21-S3-C9454B/F9454B-200409
 2004 Samsung Electronics
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electric or mechanical, by photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written consent of Samsung Electronics.
Samsung Electronics' microcontroller business has been awarded full ISO-14001

certification (BVQ1 Certificate No. FM9300). All semiconductor products are designed
and manufactured in accordance with the highest quality standards and objectives.
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

San #24 Nongseo-Ri, Giheung-Eup
Yongin-City, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
C.P.O. Box #37, Suwon 440-900
TEL: (0331) 209-1907

FAX: (0331) 209-1899
Home-Page URL: Http://www.samsungsemi.com/
Printed in the Republic of Korea
Preface
The S3C9454B/F9454B Microcontroller User's Manual is designed for application designers and programmers
who are using the S3C9454B/F9454B microcontroller for application development. It is organized in two parts:
Part I Programming Model Part II Hardware Descriptions
Part I contains software-related information to familiarize you with the microcontroller's architecture, programming
model, instruction set, and interrupt structure. It has six sections:
Chapter 1 Product Overview Chapter 4 Control Registers
Chapter 2 Address Spaces Chapter 5 Interrupt Structure
Chapter 3 Addressing Modes Chapter 6 SAM88RCRI Instruction Set
Chapter 1, "Product Overview," is a high-level introduction to the S3C9454B/F9454B with a general product
description, and detailed information about individual pin characteristics and pin circuit types.
Chapter 2, "Address Spaces," explains the S3C9454B/F9454B program and data memory, internal register file,
and mapped control registers, and explains how to address them. Chapter 2 also describes working register
addressing, as well as system and user-defined stack operations.
Chapter 3, "Addressing Modes," contains detailed descriptions of the six addressing modes that are supported by
the CPU.
Chapter 4, "Control Registers," contains overview tables for all mapped system and peripheral control register
values, as well as detailed one-page descriptions in standard format. You can use these easy-to-read,
alphabetically organized, register descriptions as a quick-reference source when writing programs.
Chapter 5, "Interrupt Structure," describes the S3C9454B/F9454B interrupt structure in detail and further prepares
you for additional information presented in the individual hardware module descriptions in Part II.
Chapter 6, "SAM88RCRI Instruction Set," describes the features and conventions of the instruction set used for all
S3C9-series microcontrollers. Several summary tables are presented for orientation and reference. Detailed
descriptions of each instruction are presented in a standard format. Each instruction description includes one or
more practical examples of how to use the instruction when writing an application program.
A basic familiarity with the information in Part I will help you to understand the hardware module descriptions in
Part II. If you are not yet familiar with the SAM88RCRI product family and are reading this manual for the first time,
we recommend that you first read chapter 1-3 carefully. Then, briefly look over the detailed information in chapters
4, 5, and 6. Later, you can reference the information in Part I as necessary.
Part II contains detailed information about the peripheral components of the S3C9454B/F9454B microcontrollers.
Also included in Part II are electrical, mechanical, MTP, and development tools data. It has 10 chapters:
Chapter 7 Clock Circuit Chapter 12 A/D Converter
Chapter 8 RESET and Power-Down Chapter 13 Electrical Data
Chapter 9 I/O Ports Chapter 14 Mechanical Data
Chapter 10 Basic Timer and Timer 0 Chapter 15 S3F945B MTP
Chapter 11 8-bit PWM Chapter 16 Development Tools
Two order forms are included at the back of this manual to facilitate customer order S3C9454B/F9454B microcon-
trollers: the Mask ROM Order Form, and the Mask Option Selection Form. You can photocopy these forms, fill
them out, and then forward them to your local Samsung Sales Representative.
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER iii

Table of Contents
Part I — Programming Model
Chapter 1 Product Overview

SAM88RCRI Product Family......................................................................................................................... 1-1
S3C9454B/F9454B Microcontroller............................................................................................................... 1-1
MTP............................................................................................................................................................... 1-1
Features ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-2
Block Diagram............................................................................................................................................... 1-3
Pin Assignments ........................................................................................................................................... 1-4
Pin Descriptions ............................................................................................................................................ 1-6
Pin Circuits .................................................................................................................................................... 1-7
Chapter 2 Address Spaces

Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
Program Memory (ROM) .............................................................................................................................. 2-2
Register Architecture..................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Common Working Register Area (C0H–CFH).............................................................................................. 2-7
System Stack ................................................................................................................................................ 2-8
Chapter 3 Addressing Modes

Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
Register Addressing Mode (R) ............................................................................................................. 3-2
Indirect Register Addressing Mode (IR) ............................................................................................... 3-3
Indexed Addressing Mode (X).............................................................................................................. 3-7
Direct Address Mode (DA) ................................................................................................................... 3-10
Relative Address Mode (RA) ................................................................................................................ 3-12
Immediate Mode (IM) ........................................................................................................................... 3-12
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER v
Table of Contents (Continued)
Chapter 4 Control Registers

Overview........................................................................................................................................................4-1
Chapter 5 Interrupt Structure

Overview........................................................................................................................................................5-1
Interrupt Processing Control Points ......................................................................................................5-1
Enable/Disable Interrupt Instructions (EI, DI) .......................................................................................5-2
Interrupt Pending Function Types.........................................................................................................5-2
Interrupt Priority ....................................................................................................................................5-2
Interrupt Source Service Sequence......................................................................................................5-3
Interrupt Service Routines ....................................................................................................................5-3
Generating Interrupt Vector Addresses ................................................................................................5-3
S3C9454B/F9454B Interrupt Structure.................................................................................................5-4
Chapter 6 SAM88RCRI Instruction Set

Overview........................................................................................................................................................6-1
Register Addressing .............................................................................................................................6-1
Addressing Modes ................................................................................................................................6-1
Flags Register (FLAGS) .......................................................................................................................6-4
Flag Descriptions ..................................................................................................................................6-4
Instruction Set Notation ........................................................................................................................6-5
Condition Codes ...................................................................................................................................6-9
Instruction Descriptions ........................................................................................................................6-10
vi S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER
Part II — Hardware Descriptions
Chapter 7 Clock Circuit

Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 7-1
Main Oscillator Logic ............................................................................................................................ 7-1
Clock Status During Power-Down Modes ............................................................................................ 7-2
System Clock Control Register (CLKCON) .......................................................................................... 7-2
Chapter 8 RESET and Power-Down

System Reset................................................................................................................................................ 8-1
Overview............................................................................................................................................... 8-1
Power-Down Modes...................................................................................................................................... 8-3
Stop Mode ............................................................................................................................................ 8-3
Idle Mode.............................................................................................................................................. 8-3
Hardware Reset Values ................................................................................................................................ 8-4
Chapter 9 I/O Ports

Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 9-1
Port Data Registers .............................................................................................................................. 9-2
Port 0 .................................................................................................................................................... 9-3
Port 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 9-7
Port 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 9-9
Chapter 10 Basic Timer and Timers

Module Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 10-1
Basic Timer (BT) ........................................................................................................................................... 10-2
Basic Timer Control Register (BTCON) ............................................................................................... 10-2
Basic Timer Function Description ........................................................................................................ 10-3
Timer 0 .......................................................................................................................................................... 10-7
Timer 0 Control Registers (T0CON)..................................................................................................... 10-7
Timer 0 Function Description ............................................................................................................... 10-8
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER vii

Chapter 11 8-Bit PWM

Overview........................................................................................................................................................11-1
Function Description......................................................................................................................................11-1
PWM.....................................................................................................................................................11-1
PWM Control Register (PWMCON) .....................................................................................................11-5
Chapter 12 A/D Converter

Overview........................................................................................................................................................12-1
Using A/D Pins for Standard Digital Input.............................................................................................12-2
A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON)............................................................................................12-2
Internal Reference Voltage Levels........................................................................................................12-3
Conversion Timing................................................................................................................................12-4
Internal A/D Conversion Procedure ......................................................................................................12-5
Chapter 13 Electrical Data

Overview........................................................................................................................................................13-1
Chapter 14 Mechanical Data

Overview........................................................................................................................................................14-1
Chapter 15 S3F9454B MTP

Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................... 15-1
Operating Mode Characteristics ..................................................................................................................... 15-3
Chapter 16 Development Tools

Overview........................................................................................................................................................16-1
SHINE...................................................................................................................................................16-1
SAMA Assembler..................................................................................................................................16-1
SASM86................................................................................................................................................16-1
HEX2ROM ............................................................................................................................................16-1
Target Boards .......................................................................................................................................16-2
Mtps ......................................................................................................................................................16-2
TB9454B Target Board.........................................................................................................................16-3
viii S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER

List of Figures
Figure Title Page

Number Number
1-1 Block Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 1-3

1-2 Pin Assignment Diagram (20-Pin DIP/SOP/SSOP Package) ................................................. 1-4
1-3 Pin Assignment Diagram (16-Pin DIP/SOP/SSOP Package) ................................................. 1-5
1-5 Pin Circuit Type A.................................................................................................................... 1-7
1-6 Pin Circuit Type B.................................................................................................................... 1-7
1-7 Pin Circuit Type C.................................................................................................................... 1-7
1-8 Pin Circuit Type D.................................................................................................................... 1-7
1-9 Pin Circuit Type E.................................................................................................................... 1-8
1-10 Pin Circuit Type E-1................................................................................................................. 1-8
1-11 Pin Circuit Type E-2................................................................................................................. 1-9
2-1 Program Memory Address Space ........................................................................................... 2-2

2-2 Smart Option ........................................................................................................................... 2-3
2-3 Internal Register File Organization .......................................................................................... 2-6
2-4 16-Bit Register Pairs ............................................................................................................... 2-7
2-5 Stack Operations..................................................................................................................... 2-8
3-1 Register Addressing ...........................................................................................................................3-2

3-2 Working Register Addressing ...........................................................................................................3-2
3-3 Indirect Register Addressing to Register File..................................................................................3-3
3-4 Indirect Register Addressing to Program Memory .........................................................................3-4
3-5 Indirect Working Register Addressing to Register File..................................................................3-5
3-6 Indirect Working Register Addressing to Program or Data Memory ...........................................3-6
3-7 Indexed Addressing to Register File ................................................................................................3-7
3-8 Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Short Offset............................................3-8
3-9 Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Long Offset ............................................3-9
3-10 Direct Addressing for Load Instructions...........................................................................................3-10
3-11 Direct Addressing for Call and Jump Instructions ..........................................................................3-11
3-12 Relative Addressing............................................................................................................................3-12
3-13 Immediate Addressing .......................................................................................................................3-12
4-1 Register Description Format..............................................................................................................4-4
5-1 S3F9-Series Interrupt Type ..................................................................................................... 5-1

5-2 Interrupt Function Diagram...................................................................................................... 5-2
5-3 S3C9454B/F9454B Interrupt Structure ................................................................................... 5-4
6-1 System Flags Register (FLAGS) ............................................................................................. 6-4
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER ix
List of Figures (Continued)
Figure Title Page

Number Number
7-1 Main Oscillator Circuit (RC Oscillator with Internal Capacitor) ...............................................7-1
7-2 Main Oscillator Circuit (Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator)................................................................7-1
7-3 System Clock Control Register (CLKCON) .............................................................................7-2
7-4 System Clock Circuit Diagram .................................................................................................7-3
8-1 Reset Block Diagram ...............................................................................................................8-2

8-2 Timing for S3C9454B/F9454B After RESET ...........................................................................8-2
9-1 Port Data Register Format.......................................................................................................9-2

9-2 Port 0 Circuit Diagram .............................................................................................................9-3
9-3 Port 0 Control Register (P0CONH, High Byte) ........................................................................9-4
9-4 Port 0 Control Register (P0CONL, Low Byte).........................................................................9-5
9-5 Port 0 Interrupt Pending Registers (P0PND) ...........................................................................9-6
9-7 Port 1 Control Register (P1CON) ............................................................................................9-8
9-9 Port 2 Control Register (P2CONH, High Byte) ........................................................................9-10
9-10 Port 2 Control Register (P2CONL, Low Byte)..........................................................................9-11
10-1 Basic Timer Control Register (BTCON) ..................................................................................10-2

10-2 Oscillation Stabilization Time on RESET.................................................................................10-4
10-3 Oscillation Stabilization Time on STOP Mode Release...........................................................10-5
10-4 Timer 0 Control Registers (T0CON)........................................................................................10-7
10-5 Simplified Timer 0 Function Diagram (Interval Timer Mode)...................................................10-8
10-6 Timer 0 Timing Diagram ..........................................................................................................10-9
10-7 Basic Timer and Timer 0 Block Diagram.................................................................................10-10
11-1 8-Bit PWM Basic Waveform ....................................................................................................11-3

11-2 8-Bit Extended PWM Waveform .............................................................................................11-4
11-3 PWM Control Register (PWMCON) ........................................................................................11-5
11-4 PWM Functional Block Diagram..............................................................................................11-6
12-1 A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON) ..............................................................................12-2

12-2 A/D Converter Circuit Diagram ................................................................................................12-3
12-3 A/D Converter Data Register (ADDATAH/L) ...........................................................................12-3
12-4 A/D Converter Timing Diagram ...............................................................................................12-4
12-5 Recommended A/D Converter Circuit for Highest Absolute Accuracy....................................12-5
x S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER
List of Figures (Concluded)
Figure Title Page

Number Number
13-1 Input Timing Measurement Points .......................................................................................... 13-4

13-2 Operating Voltage Range........................................................................................................ 13-6
13-3 Schmitt Trigger Input Characteristics Diagram ....................................................................... 13-6
13-4 Stop Mode Release Timing When Initiated by a RESET ........................................................ 13-7
13-5 LVR Reset Timing ................................................................................................................... 13-9
14-1 20-DIP-300A Package Dimensions......................................................................................... 14-1

14-2 20-SOP-375 Package Dimensions ......................................................................................... 14-2
14-3 20-SSOP-225 Package Dimensions ....................................................................................... 14-3
14-4 16-DIP-300A Package Dimensions......................................................................................... 14-4
14-5 16-SOP-BD300-SG Package Dimensions .............................................................................. 14-5
14-6 16-SSOP-BD44 Package Dimensions .................................................................................... 14-6
15-1 Pin Assignment Diagram (20-Pin Package)............................................................................ 15-1

15-2 Pin Assignment Diagram (16-Pin Package)............................................................................ 15-2
16-1 SMDS2+ or SK-1000 Product Configuration ........................................................................... 16-2

16-2 TB9454B Target Board Configuration ..................................................................................... 16-3
16-3 DIP Switch for Smart Option ................................................................................................... 16-5
16-4 20-Pin Connector for TB9454B ............................................................................................... 16-6
16-5 S3C9454B/F9454B Probe Adapter for 20-DIP Package......................................................... 16-6
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER xi
List of Tables
Table Title Page

Number Number
1-1 S3C9454B/F9454B Pin Descriptions ...................................................................................... 1-6
2-1 Register Type Summary.......................................................................................................... 2-5
4-1 System and Peripheral control Registers ........................................................................................4-2
6-1 Instruction Group Summary ..............................................................................................................6-2

6-2 Flag Notation Conventions ................................................................................................................6-5
6-3 Instruction Set Symbols .....................................................................................................................6-5
6-4 Instruction Notation Conventions......................................................................................................6-6
6-5 Opcode Quick Reference ..................................................................................................................6-7
6-6 Condition Codes..................................................................................................................................6-9
8-1 Register Values After a Reset ................................................................................................. 8-4
9-1 S3C9454B/F9454B Port Configuration Overview ................................................................... 9-1

9-2 Port Data Register Summary .................................................................................................. 9-2
11-1 PWM Control and Data Registers ........................................................................................... 11-2

11-2 PWM output "stretch" Values for Extension Data Register (PWMDATA.1–.0) ....................... 11-3
13-1 Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................................................... 13-2

13-2 DC Electrical Characteristics................................................................................................... 13-3
13-3 AC Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................................... 13-4
13-4 Oscillator Characteristics......................................................................................................... 13-5
13-5 Oscillation Stabilization Time .................................................................................................. 13-5
13-6 Data Retention Supply Voltage in Stop Mode ......................................................................... 13-7
13-7 A/D Converter Electrical Characteristics ................................................................................. 13-8
13-8 LVR Circuit Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 13-9
15-1 Descriptions of Pins Used to Read/Write the Flash ROM....................................................... 15-3

15-2 Comparison of S3F9454B and S3C9454B Features .............................................................. 15-3
15-3 Operating Mode Selection Criteria .......................................................................................... 15-3
16-1 Power Selection Settings for TB9454B ................................................................................... 16-4

16-2 The SMDS2+ Tool Selection Setting....................................................................................... 16-4
16-3 Using Single Header Pins as the Input Path for External Trigger Sources ............................. 16-5
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER xiii

List of Programming Tips
Description Page
Number
Chapter 2: Address Spaces
Smart Option Setting..................................................................................................................................... 2-4
Addressing the Common Working Register Area......................................................................................... 2-7
Standard Stack Operations Using PUSH and POP...............................................................................................2-9
Chapter 8: RESET and Power-Down

Sample S3C9454B/F9454B Initialization Routine ..................................................................................................8-6
Chapter 10: Basic Timer and Timer 0

Configuring the Basic Timer......................................................................................................................................10-6
Configuring Timer 0 (Interval Mode) ........................................................................................................................10-11
Chapter 11: 8-Bit PWM

Programming the PWM Module to Sample Specifications ...................................................................................11-7
Chapter 12: A/D Converter

Configuring A/D Converter ........................................................................................................................................12-6
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER xv
List of Register Descriptions
Register Full Register Name Page

Identifier Number
ADCON A/D Converter Control Register.................................................................................. 4-5

BTCON Basic Timer Control Register ..................................................................................... 4-6
CLKCON Clock Control Register ............................................................................................... 4-7
FLAGS System Flags Register ............................................................................................... 4-8
P0CONH Port 0 Control Register (High Byte) ............................................................................ 4-9
P0CONL Port 0 Control Register (Low Byte)............................................................................. 4-10
P0PND Port 0 Interrupt Pending Register............................................................................... 4-11
P1CON Port 1 Control Register............................................................................................... 4-12
P2CONH Port 2 Control Register (High Byte) ............................................................................ 4-13
P2CONL Port 2 Control Register (Low Byte)............................................................................. 4-14
PWMCON PWM Control Register ............................................................................................... 4-15
STOPCON STOP Mode Control Register..................................................................................... 4-16
SYM System Mode Register ............................................................................................... 4-16
T0CON TIMER 0 Control Register .......................................................................................... 4-17
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER xvii

List of Instruction Descriptions
Instruction Full Instruction Name Page

Mnemonic Number
ADC Add with Carry............................................................................................................ 6-11

ADD Add ............................................................................................................................. 6-12
AND Logical AND ............................................................................................................... 6-13
CALL Call Procedure............................................................................................................ 6-14
CCF Complement Carry Flag ............................................................................................. 6-15
CLR Clear........................................................................................................................... 6-16
COM Complement............................................................................................................... 6-17
CP Compare..................................................................................................................... 6-18
DEC Decrement.................................................................................................................. 6-19
DI Disable Interrupts ....................................................................................................... 6-20
EI Enable Interrupts ........................................................................................................ 6-21
IDLE Idle Operation............................................................................................................. 6-22
INC Increment ................................................................................................................... 6-23
IRET Interrupt Return .......................................................................................................... 6-24
JP Jump........................................................................................................................... 6-25
JR Jump Relative............................................................................................................. 6-26
LD Load ........................................................................................................................... 6-27
LD Load ........................................................................................................................... 6-28
LDC/LDE Load Memory ............................................................................................................. 6-29
LDC/LDE Load Memory ............................................................................................................. 6-30
LDCD/LDED Load Memory and Decrement.................................................................................... 6-31
LDCI/LDEI Load Memory and Increment ..................................................................................... 6-32
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER xix

List of Instruction Descriptions (Continued)
Instruction Full Instruction Name Page

Mnemonic Number
NOP No Operation ..............................................................................................................6-33

OR Logical OR ..................................................................................................................6-34
POP Pop From Stack..........................................................................................................6-35
PUSH Push To Stack ............................................................................................................6-36
RCF Reset Carry Flag.........................................................................................................6-37
RET Return .........................................................................................................................6-38
RL Rotate Left ..................................................................................................................6-39
RLC Rotate Left Through Carry..........................................................................................6-40
RR Rotate Right................................................................................................................6-41
RRC Rotate Right Through Carry........................................................................................6-42
SBC Subtract With Carry ....................................................................................................6-43
SCF Set Carry Flag.............................................................................................................6-44
SRA Shift Right Arithmetic ..................................................................................................6-45
STOP Stop Operation............................................................................................................6-46
SUB Subtract ......................................................................................................................6-47
TCM Test Complement Under Mask...................................................................................6-48
TM Test Under Mask ........................................................................................................6-49
XOR Logical Exclusive OR..................................................................................................6-50
xx S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER
S3C9454B/F9454B PRODUCT OVERVIEW
1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW
SAM88RCRI PRODUCT FAMILY
Samsung's SAM88RCRI family of 8-bit single-chip CMOS microcontrollers offer a fast and efficient CPU, a wide
range of integrated peripherals, and various mask-programmable ROM sizes.
A address/data bus architecture and a large number of bit-configurable I/O ports provide a flexible programming
environment for applications with varied memory and I/O requirements. Timer/counters with selectable operating
modes are included to support real-time operations.
S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER
The S3C9454B/F9454B single-chip 8-bit microcontroller is designed for useful A/D converter application field. The
S3C9454B/F9454B uses powerful SAM88RCRI CPU and S3C9454B/F9454B architecture. The internal register
file is logically expanded to increase the on-chip register space.
The S3C9454B/F9454B has 4K bytes of on-chip program ROM and 208 bytes of RAM. The S3C9454B/F9454B is
a versatile general-purpose microcontroller that is ideal for use in a wide range of electronics applications requiring
simple timer/counter, PWM. In addition, the S3C9454B/F9454’s advanced CMOS technology provides for low
power consumption and wide operating voltage range.
Using the SAM88RCRI design approach, the following peripherals were integrated with the SAM88RCRI core:
— Three configurable I/O ports (18 pins)

— Four interrupt sources with one vector and one interrupt level
— One 8-bit timer/counter with time interval mode
— Analog to digital converter with nine input channels(MAX) and 10-bit resolution
— One 8-bit PWM output
The S3C9454B/F9454B microcontroller is ideal for use in a wide range of electronic applications requiring simple
timer/counter, PWM, ADC. S3C9454B/F9454B is available in a 20/16-pin DIP and a 20/16-pin SOP and a 20/16-
pin SSOP package.
MTP
The S3F9454B is an MTP (Multi Time Programmable) version of the S3C9454B microcontroller. The S3F9454B
has on-chip 4-Kbyte multi-time programmable flash ROM instead of masked ROM. The S3F9454B is fully
compatible with the S3C9454B, in function, in D.C. electrical characteristics and in pin configuration.
1-1
PRODUCT OVERVIEW S3C9454B/F9454B
FEATURES
CPU Timer/Counters
• SAM88RCRI CPU core • One 8-bit basic timer for watchdog function
• The SAM88RCRI core is low-end version of the • One 8-bit timer/counter with time interval modes
current SAM87 core.
A/D Converter
Memory
• Nine analog input pins (MAX)
• 4-Kbyte internal program memory
• 10-bit conversion resolution
• 208-byte general purpose register area
Oscillation Frequency
Instruction Set
• 1 MHz to 10 MHz external crystal oscillator
• 41 instructions
• Maximum 10 MHz CPU clock
• The SAM88RCRI core provides all the SAM87
• Internal RC: 3.2 MHz (typ.), 0.5 MHz (typ.) in
core instruction except the word-oriented VDD = 5 V
instruction, multiplication, division, and some
one-byte instruction.
Operating Temperature Range
Instruction Execution Time • – 25°C to + 85°C
• 400 ns at 10 MHz fOSC (minimum)
Operating Voltage Range
Interrupts • 2.0 V to 5.5 V (LVR disable)
• 4 interrupt sources with one vector • LVR to 5.5V (LVR enable)
• One interrupt level
Smart Option
General I/O
Package Types
• Three I/O ports (Max 18 pins)
• S3C9454B/F9454B:
• Bit programmable ports
– 20-SSOP-225
8-bit High-speed PWM – 20-DIP-300A
– 20-SOP-375
• 8-bit PWM 1-ch (Max: 156 kHz) – 16-SOP-BD300-SG
• 6-bit base + 2-bit extension – 16-DIP-300A
– 16-SSOP-BD44
Built-in Reset Circuit
• Low voltage detector for safe Reset
1-2
BLOCK DIAGRAM
P0.0/ADC0/INT0
XIN P0.1/ADC1/INT1
OSC
XOUT Port 0 P0.2/ADC2
...
Port I/O and
Interrupt Control P0.7/ADC7
Basic
Timer
P1.0
Timer 0 Port 1 P1.1
88RCRI P1.2
SAMRI CPU
ADC0-ADC8 ADC
P2.0/T0
P2.1
Port 2
208 Byte
...
P0.6/PWM PWM 4 KB ROM
Register File P2.6
NOTE: P1.2 is used as input only
Figure 1-1. Block Diagram
1-3
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
VSS 1 20 VDD
XIN/P1.0 2 19 P0.0/ADC0/INT0
XOUT/P1.1 3 18 P0.1/ADC1/INT1
nRESET/P1.2 4 17 P0.2/ADC2
P2.0/T0 5 S3C9454B/F9454B 16 P0.3/ADC3
P2.1 6 (20-DIP-300A/ 15 P0.4/ADC4

20-SOP-375/
P2.2 7 20-SSOP-225) 14 P0.5/ADC5
P2.3 8 13 P0.6/ADC6/PWM
P2.4 9 12 P0.7/ADC7
P2.5 10 11 P2.6/ADC8/CLO
Figure 1-2. Pin Assignment Diagram (20-Pin DIP/SOP/SSOP Package)
1-4
VSS 1 16 VDD
XIN/P1.0 2 15 P0.0/ADC0/INT0
XOUT/P1.1 3 S3C9454B/F9454B 14 P0.1/ADC1/INT1
nRESET/P1.2 4 13 P0.2/ADC2
P2.0/T0 5 (16-DIP-300A/ 12 P0.3/ADC3

16-SOP-BD300-SG/
P2.1 6 16-SSOP-BD44) 11 P0.4/ADC4
P2.2 7 10 P0.5/ADC5
P2.3 8 9 P0.6/ADC6/PWM
Figure 1-3. Pin Assignment Diagram (16-Pin DIP/SOP/SSOP Package)
1-5
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Table 1-1. S3C9454B/F9454B Pin Descriptions

Pin Input/ Pin Description Pin Share
Name Output Type Pins
P0.0–P0.7 I/O Bit-programmable I/O port for Schmitt trigger input or E-1 ADC0–ADC7
push-pull output. Pull-up resistors are assignable by INT0/INT1
software. Port0 pins can also be used as A/D converter PWM
input, PWM output or external interrupt input.
P1.0–P1.1 I/O Bit-programmable I/O port for Schmitt trigger input or E-2 XIN, XOUT
push-pull, open-drain output. Pull-up resistors or pull-down
resistors are assignable by software.
P1.2 I Schmitt trigger input port B RESET
P2.0–P2.6 I/O Bit-programmable I/O port for Schmitt trigger input or push- E –
pull, open-drain output. Pull-up resistors are assignable by ADC8/CLO
software. E-1 T0
XIN, XOUT – Crystal/Ceramic, or RC oscillator signal for system clock. P1.0–P1.1
nRESET I Internal LVR or external RESET B P1.2
VDD, VSS – Voltage input pin and ground –
CLO O System clock output port E-1 P2.6
INT0–INT1 I External interrupt input port E-1 P0.0, P0.1
PWM O 8-Bit high speed PWM output E-1 P0.6
T0 O Timer0 match output E-1 P2.0
ADC0–ADC8 I A/D converter input E-1 P0.0–P0.7
E P2.6
1-6
PIN CIRCUITS
VDD
P-channel
IN IN
N-channel
Figure 1-5. Pin Circuit Type A Figure 1-6. Pin Circuit Type B
VDD
VDD
Pull-up
Enable
Data
Out
Data
Circuit
Output Type C I/O
Output
DIsable
Disable
Digital
Input
Figure 1-7. Pin Circuit Type C Figure 1-8. Pin Circuit Type D
1-7
VDD
Open-drain
Enable
Pull-up
P2CONH VDD enable
P2CONL
Alternative P-CH
Output M Data
U I/O
P2.x X
N-CH
Output Disable
(Input Mode)
Digital
Input
Analog Input
Enable
ADC
Figure 1-9. Pin Circuit Type E
VDD
Pull-up
VDD enable
P0CONH
Alternative P-CH
Output M Data
U I/O
P0.x X
N-CH
Output Disable
(Input Mode)
Digital Input
Interrupt Input
Analog Input
Enable
ADC
Figure 1-10. Pin Circuit Type E-1
1-8
VDD
Open-drain
Enable
Pull-up
VDD enable
P1.x
I/O
Output Disable
(Input Mode)
Pull-down
enable
Digital
Input
XIN
XOUT
Figure 1-11. Pin Circuit Type E-2
1-9
NOTES
1-10
S3C9454B/F9454B ADDRESS SPACES
2 ADDRESS SPACES
OVERVIEW
The S3C9454B/F9454B microcontroller has two kinds of address space:
— Internal program memory (ROM)

— Internal register file
A 12-bit address bus supports program memory operations. A separate 8-bit register bus carries addresses and
data between the CPU and the internal register file.
The S3C9454B/F9454B have 4-Kbytes of mask-programmable on-chip program memory: which is configured as
the Internal ROM mode, all of the 4-Kbyte internal program memory is used.
The S3C9454B/F9454B microcontroller has 208 general-purpose registers in its internal register file. Twenty-six
bytes in the register file are mapped for system and peripheral control functions.
2-1
ADDRESS SPACES S3C9454B/F9454B
PROGRAM MEMORY (ROM)
Normal Operating Mode

The S3C9454B/F9454B have 4-Kbytes (locations 0H–0FFFH) of internal mask-programmable program memory.
The first 2-bytes of the ROM (0000H–0001H) are interrupt vector address.
Unused locations (0002H–00FFH except 3CH, 3DH, 3EH, 3FH) can be used as normal program memory.
3CH, 3DH, 3EH, 3FH is used smart option ROM cell.
The program Reset address in the ROM is 0100H.
(Decimal) (HEX)
4.095 1000H
4-Kbyte
Program
Memory
Area
256 0100H
Program Start
64 0040H
Smart option ROM cell
60 003CH
2 0002H
1 Interrupt Vector 0001H
0 0000H
Figure 2-1. Program Memory Address Space
2-2
Smart Option
Smart option is the ROM option for starting condition of the chip.
The ROM addresses used by smart option are from 003CH to 003FH. The S3C9454B/F9454B only use 003EH,
003FH. Not used ROM address 003CH, 003DH should be initialized to be initialized to 00H. The default value of
ROM is FFH (LVR enable, internal RC oscillator).
ROM Address: 003CH
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
Must be initialized to 00H.
ROM Address: 003DH
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
Must be initialized to 00H.
ROM Address: 003EH
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
LVR enable/disable bit: Not used

0 = Disable
1 = Enable LVR level selection bits:
11001 = 2.3 V
10010 = 3.0 V
01100 = 3.9 V
ROM Address: 003FH
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
Not used. Oscillator selection bits:

00 = External crystal/
ceramic oscillator
NOTES: 01 = External RC
1. When you use external oscillator, P1.0, P1.1 must be set to output 10 = Internal RC (0.5 MHz in VDD = 5 V)
port to prevent current consumption. 11 = Internal RC (3.2 MHz in VDD = 5 V)
2. The value of unused bits of 3EH, 3FH is don't care.
3. When LVR is enabled, LVR level must be set to appropriate value,
not default value.
Figure 2-2. Smart Option
2-3
F PROGRAMMING TIP — Smart Option Setting

; << Interrupt Vector Address >>
ORG 0000H
Vector 00H, INT_9454 ; S3C9454B/F9454B has only one interrupt vector
; << Smart Option Setting >>
ORG 003CH
DB 00H ; 003CH, must be initialized to 0.
DB 00H ; 003DH, must be initialized to 0.
DB 0E7H ; 003EH, enable LVR (2.3 V)
DB 03H ; 003FH, Internal RC (3.2 MHz in VDD = 5 V)
; << Reset >>
ORG 0100H
RESET: DI
•
•
•
2-4
REGISTER ARCHITECTURE
The upper 64-bytes of the S3C9454B/F9454B's internal register file are addressed as working registers, system
control registers and peripheral control registers. The lower 192-bytes of internal register file(00H–BFH) is called
the general purpose register space. 234 registers in this space can be accessed; 208 are available for general-
purpose use.
For many SAM88RCRI microcontrollers, the addressable area of the internal register file is further expanded by
additional register pages at the general purpose register space (00H–BFH: page0). This register file expansion is
not implemented in the S3C9454B/F9454B, however.
The specific register types and the area (in bytes) that they occupy in the internal register file are summarized in
Table 2-1.
Table 2-1. Register Type Summary

Register Type Number of Bytes
CPU and system control registers 11
Peripheral, I/O, and clock control and data registers 15
General-purpose registers (including the 16-bit 208
common working register area)
Total Addressable Bytes 234
2-5
FFH
Peripheral Control
Registers
64 Bytes of E0H
Common Area DFH
System Control
Registers
D0H
CFH
Working Registers
C0H
BFH
General Purpose
192 Bytes Register File
and Stack Area
~
00H
Figure 2-3. Internal Register File Organization
2-6
COMMON WORKING REGISTER AREA (C0H–CFH)
The SAM88RCRI register architecture provides an efficient method of working register addressing that takes full
advantage of shorter instruction formats to reduce execution time.
This16-byte address range is called common area. That is, locations in this area can be used as working registers
by operations that address any location on any page in the register file. Typically, these working registers serve as
temporary buffers for data operations between different pages. However, because the S3C9454B/F9454B uses
only page 0, you can use the common area for any internal data operation.
The Register (R) addressing mode can be used to access this area
Registers are addressed either as a single 8-bit register or as a paired 16-bit register. In 16-bit register pairs, the
address of the first 8-bit register is always an even number and the address of the next register is an odd number.
The most significant byte of the 16-bit data is always stored in the even-numbered register; the least significant
byte is always stored in the next (+ 1) odd-numbered register.
MSB LSB n = Even address
Rn Rn+1
Figure 2-4. 16-Bit Register Pairs
F PROGRAMMING TIP — Addressing the Common Working Register Area

As the following examples show, you should access working registers in the common area, locations C0H–CFH,
using working register addressing mode only.
Examples: 1. LD 0C2H,40H ; Invalid addressing mode!

Use working register addressing instead:
LD R2,40H ; R2 (C2H) ← the value in location 40H
2. ADD 0C3H,#45H ; Invalid addressing mode!

Use working register addressing instead:
ADD R3,#45H ; R3 (C3H) ← R3 + 45H
2-7
SYSTEM STACK
S3C9-series microcontrollers use the system stack for subroutine calls and returns and to store data. The PUSH
and POP instructions are used to control system stack operations. The S3C9454B/F9454B architecture supports
stack operations in the internal register file.
Stack Operations
Return addresses for procedure calls and interrupts and data are stored on the stack. The contents of the PC are
saved to stack by a CALL instruction and restored by the RET instruction. When an interrupt occurs, the contents
of the PC and the FLAGS register are pushed to the stack. The IRET instruction then pops these values back to
their original locations. The stack address is always decremented before a push operation and incremented after a
pop operation. The stack pointer (SP) always points to the stack frame stored on the top of the stack, as shown in
Figure 2-5.
High Address
PCL
PCL
PCH
Top of
PCH
stack Top of
Flags
stack
Stack contents Stack contents

after a call after an
Low Address
instruction interrupt
Figure 2-5. Stack Operations
Stack Pointer (SP)

Register location D9H contains the 8-bit stack pointer (SP) that is used for system stack operations. After a reset,
the SP value is undetermined.
Because only internal memory space is implemented in the S3C9454B/F9454B, the SP must be initialized to an 8-
bit value in the range 00H–0C0H.
NOTE
In case a Stack Pointer is initialized to 00H, it is decreased to FFH when stack operation starts. This
means that a Stack Pointer access invalid stack area. We recommend that a stack pointer is initialized to
C0H to set upper address of stack to BFH.
2-8
F PROGRAMMING TIP — Standard Stack Operations Using PUSH and POP

The following example shows you how to perform stack operations in the internal register file using PUSH and
POP instructions:
LD SP,#0C0H ; SP ← C0H (Normally, the SP is set to C0H by the

; initialization routine)
•
•
•
PUSH SYM ; Stack address 0BFH ← SYM
PUSH R15 ; Stack address 0BEH ← R15
PUSH 20H ; Stack address 0BDH ← 20H
PUSH R3 ; Stack address 0BCH ← R3
•
•
•
POP R3 ; R3 ← Stack address 0BCH
POP 20H ; 20H ← Stack address 0BDH
POP R15 ; R15 ← Stack address 0BEH
POP SYM ; SYM ← Stack address 0BFH
2-9
NOTES
2-10
S3C9454B/F9454B ADDRESSING MODES
3 ADDRESSING MODES
OVERVIEW
Instructions that are stored in program memory are fetched for execution using the program counter. Instructions
indicate the operation to be performed and the data to be operated on. Addressing mode is the method used to
determine the location of the data operand. The operands specified in SAM88RCRI instructions may be condition
codes, immediate data, or a location in the register file, program memory, or data memory.
The SAM88RCRI instruction set supports six explicit addressing modes. Not all of these addressing modes are
available for each instruction. The addressing modes and their symbols are as follows:
— Register (R)
— Indirect Register (IR)
— Indexed (X)
— Direct Address (DA)
— Relative Address (RA)
— Immediate (IM)
3-1
ADDRESSING MODES S3C9454B/F9454B
REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (R)
In Register addressing mode, the operand is the content of a specified register (see Figure 3-1). Working register
addressing differs from Register addressing because it uses an 16-byte working register space in the register file
and an 4-bit register within that space (see Figure 3-2).
Program Memory Register File
8-Bit Register
File Address dst OPERAND
Point to one
OPCODE
register in register
One-Operand file
Instruction
(Example) Value used in
Instruction Execution
Sample Instruction:
DEC CNTR ; Where CNTR is the label of an 8-bit register address
Figure 3-1. Register Addressing
Register File
MSB point to
RP0 to RP1
RP0 or RP1
Selected
Program Memory RP points to
start of
4-Bit
3 LSBs working
Working Register dst src register block
Point to the OPERAND
OPCODE
working register
Two-Operand (1 of 8)
Instruction
(Example)
Sample Instruction:
ADD R1, R2 ; Where R1 and R2 are registers in the currently selected

working register area.
Figure 3-2. Working Register Addressing
3-2
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (IR)
In Indirect Register (IR) addressing mode, the content of the specified register or register pair is the address of the
operand. Depending on the instruction used, the actual address may point to a register in the register file, to
program memory (ROM), or to an external memory space (see Figures 3-3 through 3-6).
You can use any 8-bit register to indirectly address another register. Any 16-bit register pair can be used to
indirectly address another memory location.
8-Bit Register
File Address dst ADDRESS
Point to one
OPCODE
register in register
file
One-Operand
Instruction (Example) Address of operand
used by instruction
Value used in OPERAND

instruction execution
Sample Instruction:
RL @SHIFT ; Where SHIFT is the label of an 8-bit register ddress
Figure 3-3. Indirect Register Addressing to Register File
3-3
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (Continued)
Register File
Program Memory
REGISTER
Example
Instruction dst PAIR
References OPCODE Point to
Program register pair
16-bit
Memory address
points to
Program Memory program
memory
Value used in
instruction OPERAND
Sample Instructions:
CALL @RR2
JP @RR2
Figure 3-4. Indirect Register Addressing to Program Memory
3-4
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (Continued)
Register File
CFH
.
.
Program Memory .
.
4-Bit
Working 4 LSBs
dst src OPERAND
Register Point to the
Address OPCODE
working register
(1 of 16) C0H
Sample Instruction: Value used in

OPERAND
instruction
OR R6, @R2
Figure 3-5. Indirect Working Register Addressing to Register File
3-5
INDIRECT REGISTER ADDRESSING MODE (Concluded)
Register File
CFH
.
.
.
Program Memory .
4-Bit Working
Register Address
dst src Register
Next 3 Bits Point Pair
OPCODE
Example instruction to working
register pair C0H
references either
(1 of 8) 16-Bit
program memory or
address
data memory Program Memory
LSB Selects points to
or program
Data Memory memory
or data
memory
Value used in
instruction OPERAND
LCD R5,@RR6 ; Program memory access

LDE R3,@RR14 ; External data memory access
LDE @RR4, R8 ; External data memory access
Figure 3-6. Indirect Working Register Addressing to Program or Data Memory
3-6
INDEXED ADDRESSING MODE (X)
Indexed (X) addressing mode adds an offset value to a base address during instruction execution in order to
calculate the effective operand address (see Figure 3-7). You can use Indexed addressing mode to access
locations in the internal register file or in external memory.
In short offset Indexed addressing mode, the 8-bit displacement is treated as a signed integer in the range
– 128 to + 127. This applies to external memory accesses only (see Figure 3-8).
For register file addressing, an 8-bit base address provided by the instruction is added to an 8-bit offset contained
in a working register. For external memory accesses, the base address is stored in the working register pair
designated in the instruction. The 8-bit or 16-bit offset given in the instruction is then added to the base address
(see Figure 3-9).
The only instruction that supports Indexed addressing mode for the internal register file is the Load instruction
(LD). The LDC and LDE instructions support Indexed addressing mode for internal program memory, external
program memory, and for external data memory, when implemented.
Register File
~ ~
Value used in
instruction
OPERAND
+
Program Memory ~ ~
X (OFFSET)
4 LSBs
Two-Operand dst src INDEX
Point to one of the
Instruction OPCODE
working register
Example
(1 of 16)
Sample Instruction:
LD R0, #BASE[R1] ; Where BASE is an 8-bit immediate value
Figure 3-7. Indexed Addressing to Register File
3-7
INDEXED ADDRESSING MODE (Continued)
XS (OFFSET) NEXT 3 Bits

4-Bit Working
dst src Register
Register Address Point to working
OPCODE Pair
register pair
(1 of 8) 16-Bit
address
added to
offset
LSB Selects
+
8-Bit 16-Bit
Program Memory
or
Data memory
Value used in
OPERAND
16-Bit instruction
LDC R4, #04H[RR2] ; The values in the program address (RR2 + #04H)
are loaded into register R4.
LDE R4,#04H[RR2] ; Identical operation to LDC example, except that
external program memory is accessed.
Figure 3-8. Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Short Offset
3-8
INDEXED ADDRESSING MODE (Concluded)
XLH (OFFSET)
XLL (OFFSET) Register
4-Bit Working NEXT 3 Bits
dst src Pair
Register Address
OPCODE Point to working
register pair 16-Bit
(1 of 8) address
added to
offset
LSB Selects
+
16-Bit 16-Bit
Program Memory
or
Datamemory
OPERAND Value used in

16-Bit instruction
LDC R4, #1000H[RR2] ; The values in the program address (RR2 + #1000H)
are loaded into register R4.
LDE R4, #1000H[RR2] ; Identical operation to LDC example, except that
Figure 3-9. Indexed Addressing to Program or Data Memory with Long Offset
3-9
DIRECT ADDRESS MODE (DA)
In Direct Address (DA) mode, the instruction provides the operand's 16-bit memory address. Jump (JP) and Call
(CALL) instructions use this addressing mode to specify the 16-bit destination address that is loaded into the PC
whenever a JP or CALL instruction is executed.
The LDC and LDE instructions can use Direct Address mode to specify the source or destination address for Load
operations to program memory (LDC) or to external data memory (LDE), if implemented.
Program or
Data Memory
Memory
Address
Program Memory
Used
Upper Address Byte

Lower Address Byte LSB Selects Program
dst/src "0" or "1" Memory or Data Memory:
OPCODE "0" = Program Memory
"1" = Data Memory
LDC R5,1234H ; The values in the program address (1234H)are loaded

into register R5.
LDE R5,1234H ; Identical operation to LDC example, except that
Figure 3-10. Direct Addressing for Load Instructions
3-10
DIRECT ADDRESS MODE (Continued)
Program Memory
Next OPCODE
Program
Memory
Address
Used
Lower Address Byte

Upper Address Byte
OPCODE
JP C,JOB1 ; Where JOB1 is a 16-bit immediate address

CALL DISPLAY ; Where DISPLAY is a 16-bit immediate address
Figure 3-11. Direct Addressing for Call and Jump Instructions
3-11
RELATIVE ADDRESS MODE (RA)
In Relative Address (RA) mode, a two's-complement signed displacement between – 128 and + 127 is specified
in the instruction. The displacement value is then added to the current PC value. The result is the address of the
next instruction to be executed. Before this addition occurs, the PC contains the address of the instruction
immediately following the current instruction.
The instructions that support RA addressing is JR.
Program Memory
Next OPCODE
Program Memory
Address Used
Current
PC Value
Displacement +
Current Instruction OPCODE Signed
Displacement Value
JR ULT,$ + OFFSET ; Where OFFSET is a value in the range + 127 to - 128
Figure 3-12. Relative Addressing
IMMEDIATE MODE (IM)
In Immediate (IM) addressing mode, the operand value used in the instruction is the value supplied in the operand
field itself. Immediate addressing mode is useful for loading constant values into registers.
Program Memory
OPERAND
OPCODE
(The Operand value is in the instruction)
Sample Instruction: LD R0,#0AAH
Figure 3-13. Immediate Addressing
3-12
S3C9454B/F9454B CONTROL REGISTERS
4 CONTROL REGISTERS
OVERVIEW
In this section, detailed descriptions of the S3C9454B/F9454B control registers are presented in an easy-to-read
format. These descriptions will help familiarize you with the mapped locations in the register file. You can also use
them as a quick-reference source when writing application programs.
System and peripheral registers are summarized in Table 4-1. Figure 4-1 illustrates the important features of the
standard register description format.
Control register descriptions are arranged in alphabetical order according to register mnemonic. More information
about control registers is presented in the context of the various peripheral hardware descriptions in Part II of this
manual.
4-1
CONTROL REGISTERS S3C9454B/F9454B
Table 4-1. System and Peripheral Control Registers

Register name Mnemonic Address & Location RESET value (Bit)
Address R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Timer 0 counter register T0CNT D0H R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Timer 0 data register T0DATA D1H R/W 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Timer 0 control register T0CON D2H R/W 0 0 – – 0 – 0 0
Location D3H is not mapped
Clock control register CLKCON D4H R/W 0 – – 0 0 – – –
System flags register FLAGS D5H R/W x x x x – – – –
Locations D6H–D8H are not mapped
Stack pointer register SP D9H R/W x x x x x x x x
Location DAH is not mapped
MDS special register MDSREG DBH R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Basic timer control register BTCON DCH R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Basic timer counter BTCNT DDH R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Test mode control register FTSTCON DEH W – – 0 0 0 0 0 0
System mode register SYM DFH R/W – – – – – 0 0 0
NOTES:
1. – : Not mapped or not used, x: Undefined
2. The factory test mode register, FTSTCON, is for factory use only. Its value should always be '00H' during the normal
operation.
4-2
Table 4-1. System and Peripheral Control Registers (Continued)

Register Name Mnemonic Address R/W Bit Values After RESET
Hex 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Port 0 data register P0 E0H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port 1 data register P1 E1H R/W – – – – – 0 0 0
Port 2 data register P2 E2H R/W – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Locations E3H–E5H are not mapped
Port 0 control register (High byte) P0CONH E6H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port 0 control register P0CONL E7H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port 0 interrupt pending register P0PND E8H R/W – – – – 0 0 0 0
Port 1 control register P1CON E9H R/W 0 0 – – 0 0 0 0
Port 2 control register (High byte) P2CONH EAH R/W – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port 2 control register (Low byte) P2CONL EBH R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Locations ECH–F1H are not mapped
PWM data register PWMDATA F2H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PWM control register PWMCON F3H R/W 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 0
STOP .control register STOPCON F4H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Locations F5H–F6H are not mapped
A/D control register ADCON F7H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A/D converter data register ( High ) ADDATAH F8H R x x x x x x x x
A/D converter data register ( Low ) ADDATAL F9H R 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x
Locations FAH–FFH are not mapped
NOTE: – : Not mapped or not used, x: Undefined
4-3
Bit number(s) that is/are appended to the

register name for bit addressing
Name of individual
Register bit or related bits Register address
ID Register name (hexadecimal)
FLAGS - System Flags Register D5H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value x x x x x x 0 0
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
.7 Carry Flag (C)

0 Operation dose not generate a carry or borrow condition
1 Operation generates carry-out or borrow into high-order bit7
.6 Zero Flag
0 Operation result is a non-zero value
1 Operation result is zero
.5 Sign Flag
0 Operation generates positive number (MSB = "0")
1 Operation generates negative number (MSB = "1")
R = Read-only Description of the RESET value notation:

W = Write-only effect of specific '-' = Not used
R/W = Read/write bit settings 'x' = Undetermind value
' - ' = Not used '0' = Logic zero
'1' = Logic one
Bit number:
MSB = Bit 7
LSB = Bit 0
Figure 4-1. Register Description Format
4-4
ADCON — A/D Converter Control Register F7H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.7–.4 A/D Converter Input Pin Selection Bits

0 0 0 0 ADC0 (P0.0)
0 0 0 1 ADC1 (P0.1)
0 0 1 0 ADC2 (P0.2)
0 0 1 1 ADC3 (P0.3)
0 1 0 0 ADC4 (P0.4)
0 1 0 1 ADC5 (P0.5)
0 1 1 0 ADC6 (P0.6)
0 1 1 1 ADC7 (P0.7)
1 0 0 0 ADC8 (P2.6)
1 0 0 1 Connected with GND internally
.3 End-of-Conversion Status Bit

0 A/D conversion is in progress
1 A/D conversion complete
.2–.1 Clock Source Selection Bit (note)

0 0 fOSC/16 (fOSC ≤ 10 MHz)
.0 Conversion Start Bit

0 No meaning
1 A/D conversion start
NOTE: Maximum ADC clock input = 4 MHz.
4-5
BTCON — Basic Timer Control Register DCH
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.7–.4 Watchdog Timer Function Enable Bit

1 0 1 0 Disable watchdog timer function
Others Enable watchdog timer function
.3–.2 Basic Timer Input Clock Selection Code

0 0 fOSC/4096
0 1 fOSC/1024
1 0 fOSC/128
1 1 Invalid setting
.1 Basic Timer 8-Bit Counter Clear Bit

0 No effect
1 Clear the basic timer counter value
.0 Basic Timer Divider Clear Bit

0 No effect
1 Clear both dividers
NOTE: When you write a "1" to BTCON.0 (or BTCON.1), the basic timer counter (or basic timer divider) is cleared.
The bit is then cleared automatically to "0".
4-6
CLKCON — Clock Control Register D4H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 – – 0 0 – – –
Read/Write R/W – – R/W R/W – – –
.7 Oscillator IRQ Wake-up Function Enable Bit

0 Enable IRQ for main system oscillator wake-up function
1 Disable IRQ for main system oscillator wake-up function
.6–.5 Not used for S3C9454B/F9454B
.4–.3 Divided by Selection Bits for CPU Clock frequency

0 0 Divide by 16 (fOSC/16)
1 1 Non-divided clock (fOSC)
4-7
FLAGS — System Flags Register D5H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value x x x x – – – –
Read/Write R/W R/W R/W R/W – – – –
.7 Carry Flag (C)

0 Operation does not generate a carry or borrow condition
1 Operation generates a carry-out or borrow into high-order bit 7
.6 Zero Flag (Z)

0 Operation result is a non-zero value
1 Operation result is zero
.5 Sign Flag (S)

0 Operation generates a positive number (MSB = "0")
1 Operation generates a negative number (MSB = "1")
.4 Overflow Flag (V)

0 Operation result is ≤ + 127 or ≥ – 128
1 Operation result is > + 127 or < – 128
4-8
P0CONH — Port 0 Control Register (High Byte) E6H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.7–.6 Port 0, P0.7/INT7 Configuration Bits

0 0 Schmitt trigger input; pull-up enable
0 1 Schmitt trigger input
1 0 Push-pull output
1 1 A/D converter input (ADC7); Schmitt trigger input off
.5–.4 Port 0, P0.6/ADC6/PWM Configuration Bits

0 1 Alternative function (PWM output)
.3–.2 Port 0, P0.5/ADC5 Configuration Bits


4-9
P0CONL — Port 0 Control Register (Low Byte) E7H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.7–.6 Port 0, P0.3/INT3 Configuration Bits


.3–.2 Port 0, P0.1/ADC1/INT1 Configuration Bits

0 0 Schmitt trigger input/falling edge interrupt input
0 1 Schmitt trigger input; pull-up enable/falling edge interrupt input
.1–.0 Port 0, P0.0/ADC0/INT0 Configuration Bits

0 0 Schmitt trigger input/falling edge interrupt input
0 1 Schmitt trigger input; pull-up enable/falling edge interrupt input
4-10
P0PND — Port 0 Interrupt Pending Register E8H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value – – – – 0 0 0 0
Read/Write – – – – R/W R/W R/W R/W
.7–.4 Not used for the S3C9454B/F9454B
.3 Port 0.1/ADC1/INT1 Interrupt Enable Bit

0 INT1 falling edge interrupt disable
1 INT1 falling edge interrupt enable
.2 Port 0.1/ADC1/INT1 Interrupt Pending Bit

0 No interrupt pending (when read)
0 Pending bit clear (when write)
1 Interrupt is pending (when read)
1 No effect (when write)
.1 Port 0.0/ADC0/INT0 Interrupt Enable Bit

0 INT0 falling edge interrupt disable
1 INT0 falling edge interrupt enable
.0 Port 0.0/ADC0/INT0 Interrupt Pending Bit

0 Pending bit clear (when write)
1 Interrupt pending (when read)
4-11
P1CON — Port 1 Control Register E9H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 0 – – 0 0 0 0
Read/Write R/W R/W – – R/W R/W R/W R/W
.7 Part 1.1 N-channel open-drain Enable Bit

0 Configure P1.1 as a push-pull output
1 Configure P1.1 as a n-channel open-drain output
.6 Port 1.0 N-channel open-drain Enable Bit

0 Configure P1.0 as a push-pull output
1 Configure P1.0 as a n-channel open-drain output
.3–.2 Port 1, P1.1 Interrupt Pending Bits

0 0 Schmitt trigger input;
1 0 Output
1 1 Schmitt trigger input; pull-down enable
.1–.0 Port 1, P1.0 Configuration Bits

0 0 Schmitt trigger input;
1 0 Output
1 1 Schmitt trigger input; pull-down enable
NOTE: When you use external oscillator, P1.0, P1.1 must be set to output port to prevent current consumption.
4-12
P2CONH — Port 2 Control Register (High Byte) EAH
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Read/Write – R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
.7 Not used for the S3C9454B/F9454B
.6–.4 Port 2, P2.6/ADC8/CLO Configuration Bits

0 0 0 Schmitt trigger input; pull-up enable
0 0 1 Schmitt trigger input
0 1 x ADC input
1 0 0 Push-pull output
1 0 1 Open-drain output; pull-up enable
1 1 0 Open-drain output
1 1 1 Alternative function; CLO output
.3–.2 Port 2, 2.5 Configuration Bits

1 1 Open-drain output
.1–.0 Port 2, 2.4 Configuration Bits

NOTE: When noise problem is important issue, you had better not use CLO output.
4-13
P2CONL — Port 2 Control Register (Low Byte) EBH
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.7–.6 Part 2, P2.3 Configuration Bits




1 1 T0 match output
4-14
PWMCON — PWM Control Register E3H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 0
Read/Write R/W R/W – R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
.7–.6 PWM Input Clock Selection Bits

0 0 fOSC/64
0 1 fOSC/8
1 0 fOSC/2
1 1 fOSC/1
.5 Not used for S3C9454B/F9454B
.4 PWMDATA Reload Interval Selection Bit

0 Reload from 8-bit up counter overflow
1 Reload from 6-bit up counter overflow
.3 PWM Counter Clear Bit

0 No effect
1 Clear the PWM counter (when write)
.2 PWM Counter Enable Bit

0 Stop counter
1 Start (Resume countering)
.1 PWM Overflow Interrupt Enable Bit (8-Bit Overflow)

0 Disable interrupt
1 Enable interrupt
.0 PWM Overflow Interrupt Pending Bit

0 Clear pending bit (when write)
NOTE: PWMCON.3 is not auto-cleared. You must pay attention when clear pending bit. (refer to page 11-8).
4-15
STOPCON — STOP Mode Control Register E4H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.7–.0 Watchdog Timer Function Enable Bit

10100101 Enable STOP instruction
Other value Disable STOP instruction
NOTE: When STOPCON register is not #0A5H value, if you use STOP instruction, PC is changed to reset address.
SYM — System Mode Register DFH
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value – – – – 0 0 0 0
Read/Write – – – – R/W R/W R/W R/W
.3 Global Interrupt Enable Bit

0 Disable all interrupts
1 Enable all interrupt
.2–.0 Page Select Bits

0 0 0 Page 0
0 0 1 Page 1 (Not used for S3C9454B/F9454B)
4-16
T0CON — TIMER 0 Control Register F4H
Bit Identifier .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0
RESET Value 0 0 – – 0 – 0 0
Read/Write R/W R/W – – R/W – R/W R/W
.7–.6 Timer 0 Input Clock Selection Bits

0 0 fOSC/4096
0 1 fOSC/256
1 0 fOSC/8
1 1 fOSC/1
.5–.4 Not used for the S3C9454B/F9454B
.3 Timer 0 Counter Clear Bit

0 No effect
1 Clear the timer 0 counter (when write)
.2 Not used for the S3C9454B/F9454B
.1 Timer 0 Interrupt Enable Bit

0 Disable interrupt
1 Enable interrupt
.0 Timer 0 Interrupt Pending Bit (Capture or match interrupt)

0 Clear pending bit (when write)
NOTES:
1. T0CON.3 is not auto-cleared. You must pay attention when clear pending bit. (refer to page 10-12)
2. To use T0 match output, you set T0CON.3 to "1". (refer to page 10-7)
4-17
NOTES
4-18
S3C9454B/F9454B INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
5 INTERRUPT STRUCTURE
OVERVIEW
The SAM88RCRI interrupt structure has two basic components: a vector, and sources. The number of interrupt
sources can be serviced through an interrupt vector which is assigned in ROM address 0000H.
VECTOR SOURCES
S1
0000H
S2
0001H
S3
Sn
NOTES:
1. The SAM88RCRI interrupt has only one vector address (0000H-0001H).
2. The numbern of Sn value is expandable.
Figure 5-1. S3F9-Series Interrupt Type
INTERRUPT PROCESSING CONTROL POINTS
Interrupt processing can be controlled in two ways: either globally, or by specific interrupt level and source.
The system-level control points in the interrupt structure are therefore:
— Global interrupt enable and disable (by EI and DI instructions)

— Interrupt source enable and disable settings in the corresponding peripheral control register(s)
5-1
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE S3C9454B/F9454B
ENABLE/DISABLE INTERRUPT INSTRUCTIONS (EI, DI)
The system mode register, SYM (DFH), is used to enable and disable interrupt processing.
SYM.3 is the enable and disable bit for global interrupt processing respectively, by modifying SYM.3. An Enable
Interrupt (EI) instruction must be included in the initialization routine that follows a reset operation in order to
enable interrupt processing. Although you can manipulate SYM.3 directly to enable and disable interrupts during
normal operation, we recommend that you use the EI and DI instructions for this purpose.
INTERRUPT PENDING FUNCTION TYPES
When the interrupt service routine has executed, the application program's service routine must clear the
appropriate pending bit before the return from interrupt subroutine (IRET) occurs.
INTERRUPT PRIORITY
Because there is not a interrupt priority register in SAM88RCRI, the order of service is determined by a sequence
of source which is executed in interrupt service routine.
"EI" Instruction Interrupt Pending

S Q
Execution Register
RESET R
Interrpt priority
is determind by
Source Interrupts
software polling
Source Interrupt method Vector Interrupt
Enable Cycle
Global Interrupt
Control (EI, DI instruction)
Figure 5-2. Interrupt Function Diagram
5-2
INTERRUPT SOURCE SERVICE SEQUENCE
The interrupt request polling and servicing sequence is as follows:
1. A source generates an interrupt request by setting the interrupt request pending bit to "1".
2. The CPU generates an interrupt acknowledge signal.
3. The service routine starts and the source's pending flag is cleared to "0" by software.
4. Interrupt priority must be determined by software polling method.
INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES
Before an interrupt request can be serviced, the following conditions must be met:
— Interrupt processing must be enabled (EI, SYM.3 = "1")

— Interrupt must be enabled at the interrupt's source (peripheral control register)
If all of the above conditions are met, the interrupt request is acknowledged at the end of the instruction cycle. The
CPU then initiates an interrupt machine cycle that completes the following processing sequence:
1. Reset (clear to "0") the global interrupt enable bit in the SYM register (DI, SYM.3 = "0")
to disable all subsequent interrupts.
2. Save the program counter and status flags to stack.
3. Branch to the interrupt vector to fetch the service routine's address.
4. Pass control to the interrupt service routine.
When the interrupt service routine is completed, an Interrupt Return instruction (IRET) occurs. The IRET restores
the PC and status flags and sets SYM.3 to "1" (EI), allowing the CPU to process the next interrupt request.
GENERATING INTERRUPT VECTOR ADDRESSES
The interrupt vector area in the ROM contains the address of the interrupt service routine. Vectored interrupt
processing follows this sequence:
1. Push the program counter's low-byte value to stack.

2. Push the program counter's high-byte value to stack.
3. Push the FLAGS register values to stack.
4. Fetch the service routine's high-byte address from the vector address 0000H.
5. Fetch the service routine's low-byte address from the vector address 0001H.
6. Branch to the service routine specified by the 16-bit vector address.
5-3
INTERRUPT STRUCTURE S3C9454B/F9454B
The S3C9454B/F9454B microcontroller has four peripheral interrupt sources:
— PWM overflow
— Timer 0 match
— P0.0 external interrupt
— P0.1 external interrupt
Vector Pending Bits Enable/Disable Source
Timer 0 Match
T0CON.0
T0CON.1
PWM Overflow
PWMCON.0
PWMCON.1
0000H
0001H
P0.0 External Interrupt
P0PND.0
P0PND.1
SYM.2
P0.1 External Interrupt
(EI, DI) P0PND.2
P0PND.3
Figure 5-3. S3C9454B/F9454B Interrupt Structure
5-4
S3C9454B/F9454B SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
6 SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET
OVERVIEW
The SAM88RCRI instruction set is designed to support the large register file. It includes a full complement of
8-bit arithmetic and logic operations. There are 41 instructions. No special I/O instructions are necessary because
I/O control and data registers are mapped directly into the register file. Flexible instructions for bit addressing,
rotate, and shift operations complete the powerful data manipulation capabilities of the SAM88RCRI instruction
set.
REGISTER ADDRESSING
To access an individual register, an 8-bit address in the range 0–255 or the 4-bit address of a working register is
specified. Paired registers can be used to construct 13-bit program memory or data memory addresses. For
detailed information about register addressing, please refer to Chapter 2, "Address Spaces".
ADDRESSING MODES
There are six addressing modes: Register (R), Indirect Register (IR), Indexed (X), Direct (DA), Relative (RA), and
Immediate (IM). For detailed descriptions of these addressing modes, please refer to Chapter 3, "Addressing
Modes".
6-1
SAM88RCRI INSTRUCTION SET S3C9454B/F9454B
Table 6-1. Instruction Group Summary

Mnemonic Operands Instruction
Load Instructions
CLR dst Clear

LD dst,src Load
LDC dst,src Load program memory
LDE dst,src Load external data memory
LDCD dst,src Load program memory and decrement
LDED dst,src Load external data memory and decrement
LDCI dst,src Load program memory and increment
LDEI dst,src Load external data memory and increment
POP dst Pop from stack
PUSH src Push to stack
Arithmetic Instructions
ADC dst,src Add with carry

ADD dst,src Add
CP dst,src Compare
DEC dst Decrement
INC dst Increment
SBC dst,src Subtract with carry
SUB dst,src Subtract
Logic Instructions
AND dst,src Logical AND

COM dst Complement
OR dst,src Logical OR
XOR dst,src Logical exclusive OR
6-2
Table 6-1. Instruction Group Summary (Continued)

Mnemonic Operands Instruction
Program Control Instructions
CALL dst Call procedure

IRET Interrupt return
JP cc,dst Jump on condition code
JP dst Jump unconditional
JR cc,dst Jump relative on condition code
RET Return
Bit Manipulation Instructions
TCM dst,src Test complement under mask

TM dst,src Test under mask
Rotate and Shift Instructions
RL dst Rotate left

RLC dst Rotate left through carry
RR dst Rotate right
RRC dst Rotate right through carry
SRA dst Shift right arithmetic
CPU Control Instructions
CCF Complement carry flag

DI Disable interrupts
EI Enable interrupts
IDLE Enter Idle mode
NOP No operation
RCF Reset carry flag
SCF Set carry flag
STOP Enter stop mode
6-3
FLAGS REGISTER (FLAGS)
The flags register FLAGS contains eight bits that describe the current status of CPU operations. Four of these bits,
FLAGS.4–FLAGS.7, can be tested and used with conditional jump instructions;
FLAGS register can be set or reset by instructions as long as its outcome does not affect the flags, such as, Load
instruction. Logical and Arithmetic instructions such as, AND, OR, XOR, ADD, and SUB can affect the Flags
register. For example, the AND instruction updates the Zero, Sign and Overflow flags based on the outcome of the
AND instruction. If the AND instruction uses the Flags register as the destination, then simultaneously, two write
will occur to the Flags register producing an unpredictable result.
System Flags Register (FLAGS)

D5H, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
Carry flag (C)

Not mapped
Zero flag (Z)
Sign flag (S)
Overflow flag (V)
Figure 6-1. System Flags Register (FLAGS)
FLAG DESCRIPTIONS
030303Overflow Flag (FLAGS.4, V)

The V flag is set to "1" when the result of a two's-complement operation is greater than + 127 or less than – 128. It
is also cleared to "0" following logic operations.
Sign Flag (FLAGS.5, S)

Following arithmetic, logic, rotate, or shift operations, the sign bit identifies the state of the MSB of the result. A
logic zero indicates a positive number and a logic one indicates a negative number.
Zero Flag (FLAGS.6, Z)

For arithmetic and logic operations, the Z flag is set to "1" if the result of the operation is zero. For operations that
test register bits, and for shift and rotate operations, the Z flag is set to "1" if the result is logic zero.
Carry Flag (FLAGS.7, C)

The C flag is set to "1" if the result from an arithmetic operation generates a carry-out from or a borrow to the bit 7
position (MSB). After rotate and shift operations, it contains the last value shifted out of the specified register.
Program instructions can set, clear, or complement the carry flag.
6-4
INSTRUCTION SET NOTATION
Table 6-2. Flag Notation Conventions

Flag Description
C Carry flag
Z Zero flag
S Sign flag
V Overflow flag
0 Cleared to logic zero
1 Set to logic one
* Set or cleared according to operation
– Value is unaffected
x Value is undefined
Table 6-3. Instruction Set Symbols

Symbol Description
dst Destination operand
src Source operand
@ Indirect register address prefix
PC Program counter
FLAGS Flags register (D5H)
# Immediate operand or register address prefix
H Hexadecimal number suffix
D Decimal number suffix
B Binary number suffix
opc Opcode
6-5
Table 6-4. Instruction Notation Conventions
Notation Description Actual Operand Range
cc Condition code See list of condition codes in Table 6-6.
r Working register only Rn (n = 0–15)
rr Working register pair RRp (p = 0, 2, 4, ..., 14)
R Register or working register reg or Rn (reg = 0–255, n = 0–15)
RR Register pair or working register pair reg or RRp (reg = 0–254, even number only, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
Ir Indirect working register only @Rn (n = 0–15)
IR Indirect register or indirect working register @Rn or @reg (reg = 0–255, n = 0–15)
Irr Indirect working register pair only @RRp (p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
IRR Indirect register pair or indirect working @RRp or @reg (reg = 0–254, even only, where
register pair p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
X Indexed addressing mode #reg[Rn] (reg = 0–255, n = 0–15)
XS Indexed (short offset) addressing mode #addr[RRp] (addr = range – 128 to + 127, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
XL Indexed (long offset) addressing mode #addr [RRp] (addr = range 0–8191, where
p = 0, 2, ..., 14)
DA Direct addressing mode addr (addr = range 0–8191)
RA Relative addressing mode addr (addr = number in the range + 127 to – 128 that is
an offset relative to the address of the next instruction)
IM Immediate addressing mode #data (data = 0–255)
6-6
Table 6-5. Opcode Quick Reference
OPCODE MAP
LOWER NIBBLE (HEX)
– 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
U 0 DEC DEC ADD ADD ADD ADD ADD

R1 IR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM
P 1 RLC RLC ADC ADC ADC ADC ADC

P 2 INC INC SUB SUB SUB SUB SUB

E 3 JP SBC SBC SBC SBC SBC

IRR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM
R 4 OR OR OR OR OR
r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM
5 POP POP AND AND AND AND AND

N 6 COM COM TCM TCM TCM TCM TCM

I 7 PUSH PUSH TM TM TM TM TM
B 8 LD
r1, x, r2
B 9 RL RL LD
R1 IR1 r2, x, r1
L A CP CP CP CP CP LDC
r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM r1, Irr2, xL
E B CLR CLR XOR XOR XOR XOR XOR LDC

R1 IR1 r1,r2 r1,Ir2 R2,R1 IR2,R1 R1,IM r2, Irr2, xL
C RRC RRC LDC LD

R1 IR1 r1,Irr2 r1, Ir2
H D SRA SRA LDC LD LD

R1 IR1 r2,Irr1 IR1,IM Ir1, r2
E E RR RR LDCD LDCI LD LD LD LDC

R1 IR1 r1,Irr2 r1,Irr2 R2,R1 R2,IR1 R1,IM r1, Irr2, xs
X F CALL LD CALL LDC

IRR1 IR2,R1 DA1 r2, Irr1, xs
6-7
Table 6-5. Opcode Quick Reference (Continued)
OPCODE MAP
LOWER NIBBLE (HEX)
– 8 9 A B C D E F
U 0 LD LD JR LD JP INC
r1,R2 r2,R1 cc,RA r1,IM cc,DA r1
P 1 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
P 2
E 3
R 4
N 6 IDLE
I 7 ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ STOP
B 8 DI
B 9 EI
L A RET
E B IRET
C RCF
H D ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ SCF
E E CCF
X F LD LD JR LD JP INC NOP
r1,R2 r2,R1 cc,RA r1,IM cc,DA r1
6-8
CONDITION CODES
The opcode of a conditional jump always contains a 4-bit field called the condition code (cc). This specifies under
which conditions it is to execute the jump. For example, a conditional jump with the condition code for "equal" after
a compare operation only jumps if the two operands are equal. Condition codes are listed in Table 6-6.
The carry (C), zero (Z), sign (S), and overflow (V) flags are used to control the operation of conditional jump
instructions.
Table 6-6. Condition Codes
Binary Mnemonic Description Flags Set
0000 F Always false –
1000 T Always true –
0111 (1) C Carry C=1
1111 (1) NC No carry C=0
0110 (1) Z Zero Z=1
1110 (1) NZ Not zero Z=0
1101 PL Plus S=0

0101 MI Minus S=1
0100 OV Overflow V=1
1100 NOV No overflow V=0
0110 (1) EQ Equal Z=1
1110 (1) NE Not equal Z=0
1001 GE Greater than or equal (S XOR V) = 0

0001 LT Less than (S XOR V) = 1
1010 GT Greater than (Z OR (S XOR V)) = 0

0010 LE Less than or equal (Z OR (S XOR V)) = 1
1111 (1) UGE Unsigned greater than or equal C=0
0111 (1) ULT Unsigned less than C=1
1011 UGT Unsigned greater than (C = 0 AND Z = 0) = 1

0011 ULE Unsigned less than or equal (C OR Z) = 1
NOTES:
1. It indicates condition codes that are related to two different mnemonics but which test the same flag.
For example, Z and EQ are both true if the zero flag (Z) is set, but after an ADD instruction, Z would probably be used;
after a CP instruction, however, EQ would probably be used.
2. For operations involving unsigned numbers, the special condition codes UGE, ULT, UGT, and ULE must be used.
6-9
INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTIONS
This section contains detailed information and programming examples for each instruction in the SAM87RI
instruction set. Information is arranged in a consistent format for improved readability and for fast referencing. The
following information is included in each instruction description:
— Instruction name (mnemonic)

— Full instruction name
— Source/destination format of the instruction operand
— Shorthand notation of the instruction's operation
— Textual description of the instruction's effect
— Specific flag settings affected by the instruction
— Detailed description of the instruction's format, execution time, and addressing mode(s)
— Programming example(s) explaining how to use the instruction
6-10
ADC — Add with Carry

ADC dst,src
Operation: dst ← dst + src + c

The source operand, along with the setting of the carry flag, is added to the destination operand
and the sum is stored in the destination. The contents of the source are unaffected.
Two's-complement addition is performed. In multiple precision arithmetic, this instruction permits
the carry from the addition of low-order operands to be carried into the addition of high-order
operands.
Flags: C: Set if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the result; cleared otherwise.
Z: Set if the result is "0"; cleared otherwise.
S: Set if the result is negative; cleared otherwise.
V: Set if arithmetic overflow occurs, that is, if both operands are of the same sign and the
result is of the opposite sign; cleared otherwise.
Format:
Bytes Cycles Opcode Addr Mode
(Hex) dst src
opc dst | src 2 4 12 r r
6 13 r lr
opc src dst 3 6 14 R R

6 15 R IR
opc dst src 3 6 16 R IM
Examples: Given: R1 = 10H, R2 = 03H, C flag = "1", register 01H = 20H, register 02H = 03H, and
register 03H = 0AH:
ADC R1,R2 → R1 = 14H, R2 = 03H

ADC R1,@R2 → R1 = 1BH, R2 = 03H
ADC 01H,02H → Register 01H = 24H, register 02H = 03H
ADC 01H,@02H → Register 01H = 2BH, register 02H = 03H
ADC 01H,#11H → Register 01H = 32H
In the first example, destination register R1 contains the value 10H, the carry flag is set to "1", and
the source working register R2 contains the value 03H. The statement "ADC R1,R2" adds 03H
and the carry flag value ("1") to the destination value 10H, leaving 14H in register R1.
6-11
ADD — Add
ADD dst,src
Operation: dst ← dst + src

The source operand is added to the destination operand and the sum is stored in the destination.
The contents of the source are unaffected. Two's-complement addition is performed.
Flags: C: Set if there is a carry from the most significant bit of the result; cleared otherwise.
V: Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if both operands are of the same sign and the result is
of the opposite sign; cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
6 03 r lr

6 05 R IR
Examples: Given: R1 = 12H, R2 = 03H, register 01H = 21H, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH:
ADD R1,R2 → R1 = 15H, R2 = 03H

ADD R1,@R2 → R1 = 1CH, R2 = 03H
ADD 01H,02H → Register 01H = 24H, register 02H = 03H
ADD 01H,@02H → Register 01H = 2BH, register 02H = 03H
ADD 01H,#25H → Register 01H = 46H
In the first example, destination working register R1 contains 12H and the source working register
R2 contains 03H. The statement "ADD R1,R2" adds 03H to 12H, leaving the value 15H in register
R1.
6-12
AND — Logical AND

AND dst,src
Operation: dst ← dst AND src

The source operand is logically ANDed with the destination operand. The result is stored in the
destination. The AND operation results in a "1" bit being stored whenever the corresponding bits in
the two operands are both logic ones; otherwise a "0" bit value is stored. The contents of the
source are unaffected.
Flags: C: Unaffected.
S: Set if the result bit 7 is set; cleared otherwise.
V: Always cleared to "0".
Format:
(Hex) dst src
6 53 r lr

6 55 R IR
AND R1,R2 → R1 = 02H, R2 = 03H

AND R1,@R2 → R1 = 02H, R2 = 03H
AND 01H,02H → Register 01H = 01H, register 02H = 03H
AND 01H,@02H → Register 01H = 00H, register 02H = 03H
AND 01H,#25H → Register 01H = 21H
In the first example, destination working register R1 contains the value 12H and the source
working register R2 contains 03H. The statement "AND R1,R2" logically ANDs the source operand
03H with the destination operand value 12H, leaving the value 02H in register R1.
6-13
CALL — Call Procedure

CALL dst
Operation: SP ← SP – 1
@SP ← PCL
SP ← SP –1
@SP ← PCH
PC ← dst
The current contents of the program counter are pushed onto the top of the stack. The program
counter value used is the address of the first instruction following the CALL instruction. The
specified destination address is then loaded into the program counter and points to the first
instruction of a procedure. At the end of the procedure the return instruction (RET) can be used to
return to the original program flow. RET pops the top of the stack back into the program counter.
Flags: No flags are affected.
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 3 14 F6 DA
opc dst 2 12 F4 IRR
Examples: Given: R0 = 15H, R1 = 21H, PC = 1A47H, and SP = 0B2H:
CALL 1521H → SP = 0B0H

(Memory locations 00H = 1AH, 01H = 4AH, where 4AH
is the address that follows the instruction.)
CALL @RR0 → SP = 0B0H (00H = 1AH, 01H = 49H)
In the first example, if the program counter value is 1A47H and the stack pointer contains the
value 0B2H, the statement "CALL 1521H" pushes the current PC value onto the top of the stack.
The stack pointer now points to memory location 00H. The PC is then loaded with the value
1521H, the address of the first instruction in the program sequence to be executed.
If the contents of the program counter and stack pointer are the same as in the first example, the
statement "CALL @RR0" produces the same result except that the 49H is stored in stack location
01H (because the two-byte instruction format was used). The PC is then loaded with the value
1521H, the address of the first instruction in the program sequence to be executed.
6-14
CCF — Complement Carry Flag

CCF
Operation: C ← NOT C
The carry flag (C) is complemented. If C = "1", the value of the carry flag is changed to logic zero;
if C = "0", the value of the carry flag is changed to logic one.
Flags: C: Complemented.
No other flags are affected.
Format:
Bytes Cycles Opcode
(Hex)
opc 1 4 EF
Example: Given: The carry flag = "0":
CCF
If the carry flag = "0", the CCF instruction complements it in the FLAGS register (0D5H),
changing its value from logic zero to logic one.
6-15
CLR — Clear
CLR dst
Operation: dst ← "0"

The destination location is cleared to "0".
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 2 4 B0 R
4 B1 IR
Examples: Given: Register 00H = 4FH, register 01H = 02H, and register 02H = 5EH:
CLR 00H → Register 00H = 00H

CLR @01H → Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 00H
In Register (R) addressing mode, the statement "CLR 00H" clears the destination register 00H
value to 00H. In the second example, the statement "CLR @01H" uses Indirect Register (IR)
addressing mode to clear the 02H register value to 00H.
6-16
COM — Complement
COM dst
Operation: dst ← NOT dst

The contents of the destination location are complemented (one's complement); all "1s" are
changed to "0s", and vice-versa.
V: Always reset to "0".
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 2 4 60 R
4 61 IR
Examples: Given: R1 = 07H and register 07H = 0F1H:
COM R1 → R1 = 0F8H
COM @R1 → R1 = 07H, register 07H = 0EH
In the first example, destination working register R1 contains the value 07H (00000111B). The
statement "COM R1" complements all the bits in R1: all logic ones are changed to logic zeros,
and vice-versa, leaving the value 0F8H (11111000B).
In the second example, Indirect Register (IR) addressing mode is used to complement the value
of destination register 07H (11110001B), leaving the new value 0EH (00001110B).
6-17
CP — Compare
CP dst,src
Operation: dst – src

The source operand is compared to (subtracted from) the destination operand, and the
appropriate flags are set accordingly. The contents of both operands are unaffected by the
comparison.
Flags: C: Set if a "borrow" occurred (src > dst); cleared otherwise.

V: Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the operands were of opposite signs and the sign of
the result is of the same as the sign of the source operand; cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
opc dst | src 2 4 A2 r r
6 A3 r lr
opc src dst 3 6 A4 R R

6 A5 R IR
opc dst src 3 6 A6 R IM
Examples: 1. Given: R1 = 02H and R2 = 03H:
CP R1,R2 → Set the C and S flags
Destination working register R1 contains the value 02H and source register R2 contains the
value 03H. The statement "CP R1,R2" subtracts the R2 value (source/subtrahend) from the
R1 value (destination/minuend). Because a "borrow" occurs and the difference is negative,
C and S are "1".
2. Given: R1 = 05H and R2 = 0AH:

CP R1,R2
JP UGE,SKIP
INC R1
SKIP LD R3,R1
In this example, destination working register R1 contains the value 05H which is less than the
contents of the source working register R2 (0AH). The statement "CP R1,R2" generates C =
"1" and the JP instruction does not jump to the SKIP location. After the statement "LD R3,R1"
executes, the value 06H remains in working register R3.
6-18
DEC — Decrement
DEC dst
Operation: dst ← dst – 1

The contents of the destination operand are decremented by one.
S: Set if result is negative; cleared otherwise.
V: Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, dst value is – 128 (80H) and result value is
+ 127 (7FH); cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 2 4 00 R
4 01 IR
Examples: Given: R1 = 03H and register 03H = 10H:
DEC R1 → R1 = 02H
DEC @R1 → Register 03H = 0FH
In the first example, if working register R1 contains the value 03H, the statement "DEC R1"
decrements the hexadecimal value by one, leaving the value 02H. In the second example, the
statement "DEC @R1" decrements the value 10H contained in the destination register 03H by
one, leaving the value 0FH.
6-19
DI — Disable Interrupts
DI
Operation: SYM (2) ← 0

Bit zero of the system mode register, SYM.2, is cleared to "0", globally disabling all interrupt
processing. Interrupt requests will continue to set their respective interrupt pending bits, but the
CPU will not service them while interrupt processing is disabled.
Format:
Bytes Cycles Opcode
(Hex)
opc 1 4 8F
Example: Given: SYM = 04H:
DI
If the value of the SYM register is 04H, the statement "DI" leaves the new value 00H in the register
and clears SYM.2 to "0", disabling interrupt processing.
6-20
EI — Enable Interrupts
EI
Operation: SYM (2) ← 1

An EI instruction sets bit 2 of the system mode register, SYM.2 to "1". This allows interrupts to be
serviced as they occur. If an interrupt's pending bit was set while interrupt processing was disabled
(by executing a DI instruction), it will be serviced when you execute the EI instruction.
Format:
Bytes Cycles Opcode
(Hex)
opc 1 4 9F
Example: Given: SYM = 00H:
EI
If the SYM register contains the value 00H, that is, if interrupts are currently disabled, the
statement "EI" sets the SYM register to 04H, enabling all interrupts. (SYM.2 is the enable bit for
global interrupt processing.)
6-21
IDLE — Idle Operation

IDLE
Operation:
The IDLE instruction stops the CPU clock while allowing system clock oscillation to continue. Idle
mode can be released by an interrupt request (IRQ) or an external reset operation.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
opc 1 4 6F – –
Example: The instruction
IDLE
NOP
NOP
NOP
stops the CPU clock but not the system clock.
6-22
INC — Increment
INC dst
Operation: dst ← dst + 1

The contents of the destination operand are incremented by one.
V: Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is dst value is + 127 (7FH) and result is – 128 (80H);
cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst
dst | opc 1 4 rE r
r = 0 to F
opc dst 2 4 20 R
4 21 IR
Examples: Given: R0 = 1BH, register 00H = 0CH, and register 1BH = 0FH:
INC R0 → R0 = 1CH
INC 00H → Register 00H = 0DH
INC @R0 → R0 = 1BH, register 01H = 10H
In the first example, if destination working register R0 contains the value 1BH, the statement "INC
R0" leaves the value 1CH in that same register.
The next example shows the effect an INC instruction has on register 00H, assuming that it
contains the value 0CH.
In the third example, INC is used in Indirect Register (IR) addressing mode to increment the value
of register 1BH from 0FH to 10H.
6-23
IRET — Interrupt Return

IRET IRET
Operation: FLAGS ← @SP

SP ← SP + 1
PC ← @SP
SP ← SP + 2
SYM(2) ← 1
This instruction is used at the end of an interrupt service routine. It restores the flag register and
the program counter. It also re-enables global interrupts.
Flags: All flags are restored to their original settings (that is, the settings before the interrupt occurred).
Format:
IRET Bytes Cycles Opcode
(Normal) (Hex)
opc 1 10 BF
12
6-24
JP — Jump
JP cc,dst (Conditional)
JP dst (Unconditional)
Operation: If cc is true, PC ← dst

The conditional JUMP instruction transfers program control to the destination address if the
condition specified by the condition code (cc) is true; otherwise, the instruction following the JP
instruction is executed. The unconditional JP simply replaces the contents of the PC with the
contents of the specified register pair. Control then passes to the statement addressed by the PC.
Format: (1)
(2) (Hex) dst
cc | opc dst 3 8 ccD DA
cc = 0 to F
opc dst 2 8 30 IRR
NOTES:
1. The 3-byte format is used for a conditional jump and the 2-byte format for an unconditional jump.
2. In the first byte of the three-byte instruction format (conditional jump), the condition code and the
op code are both four bits.
Examples: Given: The carry flag (C) = "1", register 00 = 01H, and register 01 = 20H:
JP C,LABEL_W → LABEL_W = 1000H, PC = 1000H

JP @00H → PC = 0120H
The first example shows a conditional JP. Assuming that the carry flag is set to "1", the statement
"JP C,LABEL_W" replaces the contents of the PC with the value 1000H and transfers control to
that location. Had the carry flag not been set, control would then have passed to the statement
immediately following the JP instruction.
The second example shows an unconditional JP. The statement "JP @00" replaces the contents
of the PC with the contents of the register pair 00H and 01H, leaving the value 0120H.
6-25
JR — Jump Relative
JR cc,dst
Operation: If cc is true, PC ← PC + dst

If the condition specified by the condition code (cc) is true, the relative address is added to the
program counter and control passes to the statement whose address is now in the program
counter; otherwise, the instruction following the JR instruction is executed (See list of condition
codes).
The range of the relative address is + 127, – 128, and the original value of the program counter is
taken to be the address of the first instruction byte following the JR statement.
Format:
(note) (Hex) dst
cc | opc dst 2 6 ccB RA
cc = 0 to F
NOTE: In the first byte of the two-byte instruction format, the condition code and the op code are each
four bits.
Example: Given: The carry flag = "1" and LABEL_X = 1FF7H:
JR C,LABEL_X → PC = 1FF7H
If the carry flag is set (that is, if the condition code is true), the statement "JR C,LABEL_X" will
pass control to the statement whose address is now in the PC. Otherwise, the program instruction
following the JR would be executed.
6-26
LD — Load
LD dst,src
Operation: dst ← src

The contents of the source are loaded into the destination. The source's contents are unaffected.
Format:

(Hex) dst src
dst | opc src 2 4 rC r IM
4 r8 r R
src | opc dst 2 4 r9 R r

r = 0 to F
opc dst | src 2 4 C7 r lr

4 D7 Ir r
opc src dst 3 6 E4 R R

6 E5 R IR
opc dst src 3 6 E6 R IM

6 D6 IR IM
opc src dst 3 6 F5 IR R
opc dst | src x 3 6 87 r x [r]
opc src | dst x 3 6 97 x [r] r
6-27
LD — Load
LD (Continued)
Examples: Given: R0 = 01H, R1 = 0AH, register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 20H,
register 02H = 02H, LOOP = 30H, and register 3AH = 0FFH:
LD R0,#10H → R0 = 10H
LD R0,01H → R0 = 20H, register 01H = 20H
LD 01H,R0 → Register 01H = 01H, R0 = 01H
LD R1,@R0 → R1 = 20H, R0 = 01H
LD @R0,R1 → R0 = 01H, R1 = 0AH, register 01H = 0AH
LD 00H,01H → Register 00H = 20H, register 01H = 20H
LD 02H,@00H → Register 02H = 20H, register 00H = 01H
LD 00H,#0AH → Register 00H = 0AH
LD @00H,#10H → Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 10H
LD @00H,02H → Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 02, register 02H = 02H
LD R0,#LOOP[R1] → R0 = 0FFH, R1 = 0AH
LD #LOOP[R0],R1 → Register 31H = 0AH, R0 = 01H, R1 = 0AH
6-28
LDC/LDE — Load Memory

LDC/LDE dst,src

This instruction loads a byte from program or data memory into a working register or vice-versa.
The source values are unaffected. LDC refers to program memory and LDE to data memory. The
assembler makes "Irr" or "rr" values an even number for program memory and odd an odd
number for data memory.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
1. opc dst | src 2 10 C3 r Irr
2. opc src | dst 2 10 D3 Irr r
3. opc dst | src XS 3 12 E7 r XS [rr]
4. opc src | dst XS 3 12 F7 XS [rr] r
5. opc dst | src XLL XLH 4 14 A7 r XL [rr]
6. opc src | dst XLL XLH 4 14 B7 XL [rr] r
7. opc dst | 0000 DAL DAH 4 14 A7 r DA
8. opc src | 0000 DAL DAH 4 14 B7 DA r
9. opc dst | 0001 DAL DAH 4 14 A7 r DA
10. opc src | 0001 DAL DAH 4 14 B7 DA r
NOTES:
1. The source (src) or working register pair [rr] for formats 5 and 6 cannot use register pair 0–1.
2. For formats 3 and 4, the destination address "XS [rr]" and the source address "XS [rr]" are each one
byte.
3. For formats 5 and 6, the destination address "XL [rr]" and the source address "XL [rr]" are each two
bytes.
4. The DA and r source values for formats 7 and 8 are used to address program memory; the second set
of values, used in formats 9 and 10, are used to address data memory.
6-29
LDC/LDE — Load Memory

LDC/LDE (Continued)
Examples: Given: R0 = 11H, R1 = 34H, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H, R4 = 00H, R5 = 60H; Program memory
locations 0061 = AAH, 0103H = 4FH, 0104H = 1A, 0105H = 6DH, and 1104H = 88H.
External data memory locations 0061H = BBH, 0103H = 5FH, 0104H = 2AH, 0105H = 7DH,
and 1104H = 98H:
LDC R0,@RR2 ; R0 ← contents of program memory location 0104H

; R0 = 1AH, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
LDE R0,@RR2 ; R0 ← contents of external data memory location 0104H

; R0 = 2AH, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
LDC (note) @RR2,R0 ; 11H (contents of R0) is loaded into program memory
; location 0104H (RR2),
; working registers R0, R2, R3 → no change
LDE @RR2,R0 ; 11H (contents of R0) is loaded into external data memory
; location 0104H (RR2),
; working registers R0, R2, R3 → no change
LDC R0,#01H[RR4] ; R0 ← contents of program memory location 0061H

; (01H + RR4),
; R0 = AAH, R2 = 00H, R3 = 60H
LDE R0,#01H[RR4] ; R0 ← contents of external data memory location 0061H

; (01H + RR4), R0 = BBH, R4 = 00H, R5 = 60H
LDC (note) #01H[RR4],R0 ; 11H (contents of R0) is loaded into program memory location
; 0061H (01H + 0060H)
LDE #01H[RR4],R0 ; 11H (contents of R0) is loaded into external data memory
; location 0061H (01H + 0060H)
LDC R0,#1000H[RR2] ; R0 ← contents of program memory location 1104H

; (1000H + 0104H), R0 = 88H, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
LDE R0,#1000H[RR2] ; R0 ← contents of external data memory location 1104H

; (1000H + 0104H), R0 = 98H, R2 = 01H, R3 = 04H
LDC R0,1104H ; R0 ← contents of program memory location 1104H, R0 = 88H
LDE R0,1104H ; R0 ← contents of external data memory location 1104H,

; R0 = 98H
LDC (note) 1105H,R0 ; 11H (contents of R0) is loaded into program memory location
; 1105H, (1105H) ← 11H
LDE 1105H,R0 ; 11H (contents of R0) is loaded into external data memory
; location 1105H, (1105H) ← 11H
NOTE: These instructions are not supported by masked ROM type devices.
6-30
LDCD/LDED — Load Memory and Decrement

LDCD/LDED dst,src

rr ← rr – 1
These instructions are used for user stacks or block transfers of data from program or data
memory to the register file. The address of the memory location is specified by a working register
pair. The contents of the source location are loaded into the destination location. The memory
address is then decremented. The contents of the source are unaffected.
LDCD references program memory and LDED references external data memory. The assembler
makes "Irr" an even number for program memory and an odd number for data memory.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
opc dst | src 2 10 E2 r Irr
Examples: Given: R6 = 10H, R7 = 33H, R8 = 12H, program memory location 1033H = 0CDH, and
external data memory location 1033H = 0DDH:
LDCD R8,@RR6 ; 0CDH (contents of program memory location 1033H) is loaded

; into R8 and RR6 is decremented by one
; R8 = 0CDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 32H (RR6 ← RR6 – 1)
LDED R8,@RR6 ; 0DDH (contents of data memory location 1033H) is loaded

; into R8 and RR6 is decremented by one (RR6 ← RR6 – 1)
; R8 = 0DDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 32H
6-31
LDCI/LDEI — Load Memory and Increment

LDCI/LDEI dst,src

rr ← rr + 1
These instructions are used for user stacks or block transfers of data from program or data
memory to the register file. The address of the memory location is specified by a working register
pair. The contents of the source location are loaded into the destination location. The memory
address is then incremented automatically. The contents of the source are unaffected.
LDCI refers to program memory and LDEI refers to external data memory. The assembler makes
"Irr" even for program memory and odd for data memory.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
opc dst | src 2 10 E3 r Irr
Examples: Given: R6 = 10H, R7 = 33H, R8 = 12H, program memory locations 1033H = 0CDH and
1034H = 0C5H; external data memory locations 1033H = 0DDH and 1034H = 0D5H:
LDCI R8,@RR6 ; 0CDH (contents of program memory location 1033H) is loaded

; into R8 and RR6 is incremented by one (RR6 ← RR6 + 1)
; R8 = 0CDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 34H
LDEI R8,@RR6 ; 0DDH (contents of data memory location 1033H) is loaded

; into R8 and RR6 is incremented by one (RR6 ← RR6 + 1)
; R8 = 0DDH, R6 = 10H, R7 = 34H
6-32
NOP — No Operation
NOP
Operation: No action is performed when the CPU executes this instruction. Typically, one or more NOPs are
executed in sequence in order to effect a timing delay of variable duration.
Format:
Bytes Cycles Opcode
(Hex)
opc 1 4 FF
Example: When the instruction
NOP
is encountered in a program, no operation occurs. Instead, there is a delay in instruction execution

time.
6-33
OR — Logical OR
OR dst,src
Operation: dst ← dst OR src

The source operand is logically ORed with the destination operand and the result is stored in the
destination. The contents of the source are unaffected. The OR operation results in a "1" being
stored whenever either of the corresponding bits in the two operands is a "1"; otherwise a "0" is
stored.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
6 43 r lr

6 45 R IR
Examples: Given: R0 = 15H, R1 = 2AH, R2 = 01H, register 00H = 08H, register 01H = 37H, and
register 08H = 8AH:
OR R0,R1 → R0 = 3FH, R1 = 2AH

OR R0,@R2 → R0 = 37H, R2 = 01H, register 01H = 37H
OR 00H,01H → Register 00H = 3FH, register 01H = 37H
OR 01H,@00H → Register 00H = 08H, register 01H = 0BFH
OR 00H,#02H → Register 00H = 0AH
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 15H and register R1 the value 2AH,
the statement "OR R0,R1" logical-ORs the R0 and R1 register contents and stores the result
(3FH) in destination register R0.
The other examples show the use of the logical OR instruction with the various addressing modes
and formats.
6-34
POP — Pop From Stack

POP dst
Operation: dst ← @SP

SP ← SP + 1
The contents of the location addressed by the stack pointer are loaded into the destination. The
stack pointer is then incremented by one.
Flags: No flags affected.
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 2 8 50 R
8 51 IR
Examples: Given: Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 1BH, SP (0D9H) = 0BBH, and stack register
0BBH = 55H:
POP 00H → Register 00H = 55H, SP = 0BCH

POP @00H → Register 00H = 01H, register 01H = 55H, SP = 0BCH
In the first example, general register 00H contains the value 01H. The statement "POP 00H"
loads the contents of location 0BBH (55H) into destination register 00H and then increments the
stack pointer by one. Register 00H then contains the value 55H and the SP points to location
0BCH.
6-35
PUSH — Push To Stack

PUSH src
Operation: SP ← SP – 1
@SP ← src
A PUSH instruction decrements the stack pointer value and loads the contents of the source (src)
into the location addressed by the decremented stack pointer. The operation then adds the new
value to the top of the stack.
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc src 2 8 70 R
8 71 IR
Examples: Given: Register 40H = 4FH, register 4FH = 0AAH, SP = 0C0H:
PUSH 40H → Register 40H = 4FH, stack register 0BFH = 4FH,

SP = 0BFH
PUSH @40H → Register 40H = 4FH, register 4FH = 0AAH, stack register
0BFH = 0AAH, SP = 0BFH
In the first example, if the stack pointer contains the value 0C0H, and general register 40H the
value 4FH, the statement "PUSH 40H" decrements the stack pointer from 0C0 to 0BFH. It then
loads the contents of register 40H into location 0BFH. Register 0BFH then contains the value 4FH
and SP points to location 0BFH.
6-36
RCF — Reset Carry Flag

RCF RCF
Operation: C ← 0
The carry flag is cleared to logic zero, regardless of its previous value.
Flags: C: Cleared to "0".
Format:
Bytes Cycles Opcode
(Hex)
opc 1 4 CF
Example: Given: C = "1" or "0":
The instruction RCF clears the carry flag (C) to logic zero.
6-37
RET — Return
RET
Operation: PC ← @SP
SP ← SP + 2
The RET instruction is normally used to return to the previously executing procedure at the end of
a procedure entered by a CALL instruction. The contents of the location addressed by the stack
pointer are popped into the program counter. The next statement that is executed is the one that
is addressed by the new program counter value.
Format:
Bytes Cycles Opcode
(Hex)
opc 1 8 AF
10
Example: Given: SP = 0BCH, (SP) = 101AH, and PC = 1234:
RET → PC = 101AH, SP = 0BEH
The statement "RET" pops the contents of stack pointer location 0BCH (10H) into the high byte of
the program counter. The stack pointer then pops the value in location 0BDH (1AH) into the PC's
low byte and the instruction at location 101AH is executed. The stack pointer now points to
memory location 0BEH.
6-38
RL — Rotate Left
RL dst
Operation: C ← dst (7)

dst (0) ← dst (7)
dst (n + 1) ← dst (n), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand are rotated left one bit position. The initial value of bit 7 is
moved to the bit zero (LSB) position and also replaces the carry flag.
7 0
C
Flags: C: Set if the bit rotated from the most significant bit position (bit 7) was "1".
V: Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the sign of the destination changed during rotation;
cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 2 4 90 R
4 91 IR
Examples: Given: Register 00H = 0AAH, register 01H = 02H and register 02H = 17H:
RL 00H → Register 00H = 55H, C = "1"

RL @01H → Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 2EH, C = "0"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 0AAH (10101010B), the statement
"RL 00H" rotates the 0AAH value left one bit position, leaving the new value 55H (01010101B)
and setting the carry and overflow flags.
6-39
RLC — Rotate Left Through Carry

RLC dst
Operation: dst (0) ← C

C ← dst (7)
dst (n + 1) ← dst (n), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand with the carry flag are rotated left one bit position. The
initial value of bit 7 replaces the carry flag (C); the initial value of the carry flag replaces bit zero.
7 0
C
Flags: C: Set if the bit rotated from the most significant bit position (bit 7) was "1".
cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 2 4 10 R
4 11 IR
Examples: Given: Register 00H = 0AAH, register 01H = 02H, and register 02H = 17H, C = "0":
RLC 00H → Register 00H = 54H, C = "1"

RLC @01H → Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 2EH, C = "0"
In the first example, if general register 00H has the value 0AAH (10101010B), the statement "RLC
00H" rotates 0AAH one bit position to the left. The initial value of bit 7 sets the carry flag and the
initial value of the C flag replaces bit zero of register 00H, leaving the value 55H (01010101B). The
MSB of register 00H resets the carry flag to "1" and sets the overflow flag.
6-40
RR — Rotate Right
RR dst
Operation: C ← dst (0)

dst (7) ← dst (0)
dst (n) ← dst (n + 1), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand are rotated right one bit position. The initial value of bit
zero (LSB) is moved to bit 7 (MSB) and also replaces the carry flag (C).
7 0
C
Flags: C: Set if the bit rotated from the least significant bit position (bit zero) was "1".
cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 2 4 E0 R
4 E1 IR
Examples: Given: Register 00H = 31H, register 01H = 02H, and register 02H = 17H:
RR 00H → Register 00H = 98H, C = "1"

RR @01H → Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 8BH, C = "1"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 31H (00110001B), the statement
"RR 00H" rotates this value one bit position to the right. The initial value of bit zero is moved to
bit 7, leaving the new value 98H (10011000B) in the destination register. The initial bit zero also
resets the C flag to "1" and the sign flag and overflow flag are also set to "1".
6-41
RRC — Rotate Right Through Carry

RRC dst
Operation: dst (7) ← C

C ← dst (0)
dst (n) ← dst (n + 1), n = 0–6
The contents of the destination operand and the carry flag are rotated right one bit position. The
initial value of bit zero (LSB) replaces the carry flag; the initial value of the carry flag replaces bit 7
(MSB).
7 0
C
Flags: C: Set if the bit rotated from the least significant bit position (bit zero) was "1".
Z: Set if the result is "0" cleared otherwise.
cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 2 4 C0 R
4 C1 IR
Examples: Given: Register 00H = 55H, register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 17H, and C = "0":
RRC 00H → Register 00H = 2AH, C = "1"

RRC @01H → Register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 0BH, C = "1"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 55H (01010101B), the statement
"RRC 00H" rotates this value one bit position to the right. The initial value of bit zero ("1") replaces
the carry flag and the initial value of the C flag ("1") replaces bit 7. This leaves the new value 2AH
(00101010B) in destination register 00H. The sign flag and overflow flag are both cleared to "0".
6-42
SBC — Subtract With Carry

SBC dst,src
Operation: dst ← dst – src – c

The source operand, along with the current value of the carry flag, is subtracted from the
destination operand and the result is stored in the destination. The contents of the source are
unaffected. Subtraction is performed by adding the two's-complement of the source operand to
the destination operand. In multiple precision arithmetic, this instruction permits the carry
("borrow") from the subtraction of the low-order operands to be subtracted from the subtraction of
high-order operands.
Flags: C: Set if a borrow occurred (src > dst); cleared otherwise.

V: Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the operands were of opposite sign and the sign of
the result is the same as the sign of the source; cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
6 33 r lr

6 35 R IR
Examples: Given: R1 = 10H, R2 = 03H, C = "1", register 01H = 20H, register 02H = 03H, and register
03H = 0AH:
SBC R1,R2 → R1 = 0CH, R2 = 03H

SBC R1,@R2 → R1 = 05H, R2 = 03H, register 03H = 0AH
SBC 01H,02H → Register 01H = 1CH, register 02H = 03H
SBC 01H,@02H → Register 01H = 15H,register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0AH
SBC 01H,#8AH → Register 01H = 95H; C, S, and V = "1"
In the first example, if working register R1 contains the value 10H and register R2 the value 03H,
the statement "SBC R1,R2" subtracts the source value (03H) and the C flag value ("1") from the
destination (10H) and then stores the result (0CH) in register R1.
6-43
SCF — Set Carry Flag

SCF
Operation: C ← 1
The carry flag (C) is set to logic one, regardless of its previous value.
Flags: C: Set to "1".
Format:
Bytes Cycles Opcode
(Hex)
opc 1 4 DF
Example: The statement
SCF
sets the carry flag to logic one.
6-44
SRA — Shift Right Arithmetic

SRA dst
Operation: dst (7) ← dst (7)

C ← dst (0)
dst (n) ← dst (n + 1), n = 0–6
An arithmetic shift-right of one bit position is performed on the destination operand. Bit zero (the
LSB) replaces the carry flag. The value of bit 7 (the sign bit) is unchanged and is shifted into bit
position 6.
7 6 0
C
Flags: C: Set if the bit shifted from the LSB position (bit zero) was "1".
Format:
(Hex) dst
opc dst 2 4 D0 R
4 D1 IR
Examples: Given: Register 00H = 9AH, register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0BCH, and C = "1":
SRA 00H → Register 00H = 0CD, C = "0"

SRA @02H → Register 02H = 03H, register 03H = 0DEH, C = "0"
In the first example, if general register 00H contains the value 9AH (10011010B), the statement
"SRA 00H" shifts the bit values in register 00H right one bit position. Bit zero ("0") clears the C flag
and bit 7 ("1") is then shifted into the bit 6 position (bit 7 remains unchanged). This leaves the
value 0CDH (11001101B) in destination register 00H.
6-45
STOP — Stop Operation

STOP
Operation: The STOP instruction stops the both the CPU clock and system clock and causes the
microcontroller to enter Stop mode. During Stop mode, the contents of on-chip CPU registers,
peripheral registers, and I/O port control and data registers are retained. Stop mode can be
released by an external reset operation or External interrupt input. For the reset operation, the
RESET pin must be held to Low level until the required oscillation stabilization interval has
elapsed.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
opc 1 4 7F – –
Example: The statement

LD STOPCON, #0A5H
STOP
NOP
NOP
NOP
halts all microcontroller operations. When STOPCON register is not #0A5H value, if you use
STOP instruction, PC is changed to reset address.
6-46
SUB — Subtract
SUB dst,src
Operation: dst ← dst – src

The source operand is subtracted from the destination operand and the result is stored in the
destination. The contents of the source are unaffected. Subtraction is performed by adding the
two's complement of the source operand to the destination operand.
Flags: C: Set if a "borrow" occurred; cleared otherwise.

V: Set if arithmetic overflow occurred, that is, if the operands were of opposite signs and the sign of
the result is of the same as the sign of the source operand; cleared otherwise.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
6 23 r lr

6 25 R IR
SUB R1,R2 → R1 = 0FH, R2 = 03H

SUB R1,@R2 → R1 = 08H, R2 = 03H
SUB 01H,02H → Register 01H = 1EH, register 02H = 03H
SUB 01H,@02H → Register 01H = 17H, register 02H = 03H
SUB 01H,#90H → Register 01H = 91H; C, S, and V = "1"
SUB 01H,#65H → Register 01H = 0BCH; C and S = "1", V = "0"
In the first example, if working register R1 contains the value 12H and if register R2 contains the
value 03H, the statement "SUB R1,R2" subtracts the source value (03H) from the destination
value (12H) and stores the result (0FH) in destination register R1.
6-47
TCM — Test Complement Under Mask

TCM dst,src
Operation: (NOT dst) AND src

This instruction tests selected bits in the destination operand for a logic one value. The bits to be
tested are specified by setting a "1" bit in the corresponding position of the source operand
(mask). The TCM statement complements the destination operand, which is then ANDed with the
source mask. The zero (Z) flag can then be checked to determine the result. The destination and
source operands are unaffected.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
6 63 r lr

6 65 R IR
Examples: Given: R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, R2 = 12H, register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, and
register 02H = 23H:
TCM R0,R1 → R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, Z = "1"

TCM R0,@R1 → R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, register 02H = 23H, Z = "0"
TCM 00H,01H → Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, Z = "1"
TCM 00H,@01H → Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H,
register 02H = 23H, Z = "1"
TCM 00H,#34 → Register 00H = 2BH, Z = "0"
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 0C7H (11000111B) and register R1
the value 02H (00000010B), the statement "TCM R0,R1" tests bit one in the destination register
for a "1" value. Because the mask value corresponds to the test bit, the Z flag is set to logic one
and can be tested to determine the result of the TCM operation.
6-48
TM — Test Under Mask

TM dst,src
Operation: dst AND src

This instruction tests selected bits in the destination operand for a logic zero value. The bits to be
tested are specified by setting a "1" bit in the corresponding position of the source operand
(mask), which is ANDed with the destination operand. The zero (Z) flag can then be checked to
determine the result. The destination and source operands are unaffected.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
6 73 r lr

6 75 R IR
register 02H = 23H:
TM R0,R1 → R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, Z = "0"

TM R0,@R1 → R0 = 0C7H, R1 = 02H, register 02H = 23H, Z = "0"
TM 00H,01H → Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H, Z = "0"
TM 00H,@01H → Register 00H = 2BH, register 01H = 02H,
register 02H = 23H, Z = "0"
TM 00H,#54H → Register 00H = 2BH, Z = "1"
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 0C7H (11000111B) and register R1
the value 02H (00000010B), the statement "TM R0,R1" tests bit one in the destination register for
a "0" value. Because the mask value does not match the test bit, the Z flag is cleared to logic zero
and can be tested to determine the result of the TM operation.
6-49
XOR — Logical Exclusive OR

XOR dst,src
Operation: dst ← dst XOR src

The source operand is logically exclusive-ORed with the destination operand and the result is
stored in the destination. The exclusive-OR operation results in a "1" bit being stored whenever
the corresponding bits in the operands are different; otherwise, a "0" bit is stored.
Format:
(Hex) dst src
opc dst | src 2 4 B2 r r
6 B3 r lr
opc src dst 3 6 B4 R R

6 B5 R IR
opc dst src 3 6 B6 R IM
register 02H = 23H:
XOR R0,R1 → R0 = 0C5H, R1 = 02H

XOR R0,@R1 → R0 = 0E4H, R1 = 02H, register 02H = 23H
XOR 00H,01H → Register 00H = 29H, register 01H = 02H
XOR 00H,@01H → Register 00H = 08H, register 01H = 02H, register 02H = 23H
XOR 00H,#54H → Register 00H = 7FH
In the first example, if working register R0 contains the value 0C7H and if register R1 contains the
value 02H, the statement "XOR R0,R1" logically exclusive-ORs the R1 value with the R0 value
and stores the result (0C5H) in the destination register R0.
6-50
S3C9454B/F9454B CLOCK CIRCUIT
7 CLOCK CIRCUIT
OVERVIEW
By smart option (3FH.1–.0 in ROM), user can select internal RC oscillator or external oscillator. In using internal
oscillator, XIN (P1.0), XOUT (P1.1) can be used by normal I/O pins. An internal RC oscillator source provides a
typical 3.2 MHz or 0.5 MHz (in VDD = 5 V) depending on smart option.
An external RC oscillation source provides a typical 4 MHz clock for S3C9454B/F9454B. An internal capacitor
supports the RC oscillator circuit. An external crystal or ceramic oscillation source provides a maximum 10 MHz
clock. The XIN and XOUT pins connect the oscillation source to the on-chip clock circuit. Simplified external RC
oscillator and crystal/ceramic oscillator circuits are shown in Figures 7-1 and 7-2. When you use external
oscillator, P1.0, P1.1 must be set to output port to prevent current consumption
C1 XIN
R S3C9454B/F9454B S3C9454B/P9454B
XOUT C2 XOUT
Figure 7-1. Main Oscillator Circuit Figure 7-2. Main Oscillator Circuit
(RC Oscillator with Internal Capacitor) (Crystal/Ceramic Oscillator)
MAIN OSCILLATOR LOGIC
To increase processing speed and to reduce clock noise, non-divided logic is implemented for the main oscillator
circuit. For this reason, very high resolution waveforms (square signal edges) must be generated in order for the
CPU to efficiently process logic operations.
7-1
CLOCK CIRCUIT S3C9454B/F9454B
CLOCK STATUS DURING POWER-DOWN MODES
The two power-down modes, Stop mode and Idle mode, affect clock oscillation as follows:
— In Stop mode, the main oscillator "freezes", halting the CPU and peripherals. The contents of the register file
and current system register values are retained. Stop mode is released, and the oscillator started, by a reset
operation or by an external interrupt with RC-delay noise filter (for S3C9454B/F9454B, INT0–INT1).
— In Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated off to the CPU, but not to interrupt control and the timer. The
current CPU status is preserved, including stack pointer, program counter, and flags. Data in the register file is
retained. Idle mode is released by a reset or by an interrupt (external or internally-generated).
SYSTEM CLOCK CONTROL REGISTER (CLKCON)
The system clock control register, CLKCON, is located in location D4H. It is read/write addressable and has the
following functions:
— Oscillator IRQ wake-up function enable/disable (CLKCON.7)

— Oscillator frequency divide-by value: non-divided, 2, 8, or 16 (CLKCON.4 and CLKCON.3)
The CLKCON register controls whether or not an external interrupt can be used to trigger a Stop mode release
(This is called the "IRQ wake-up" function). The IRQ wake-up enable bit is CLKCON.7.
After a reset, the external interrupt oscillator wake-up function is enabled, the main oscillator is activated, and the
fOSC/16 (the slowest clock speed) is selected as the CPU clock. If necessary, you can then increase the CPU
clock speed to fOSC, fOSC/2 or fOSC/8.
System Clock Control Register (CLKCON)

D4H, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
Oscillator IRQ wake-up enable bit: Not used for

0 = Enable IRQ for main system S3C9454B/F9454B
oscillator wake-up function in
power mode. Divide-by selection bits for
1 = Disable IRQ for main system CPU clock frequency:
oscillator wake-up function in 00 = fosc/16
power down mode. 01 = fosc/8
10 = fosc/2
11 = fosc (non-divided)
Not used for

S3C9454B/F9454B
Figure 7-3. System Clock Control Register (CLKCON)
7-2
S3C9454B/F9454B CLOCK CIRCUIT
Smart Option
(3F.1-0 in ROM) Stop
Instruction
CLKCON.4-.3
Internal RC
Oscillator (3.2 MHz)
Oscillator
Stop
Internal RC
Oscillator (0.5 MHz)
Selected 1/2 M
MUX
OSC U CPU Clock
External Crystal/ 1/8 X
Ceramic Oscillator Oscillator
Wake-up 1/16
External RC
Oscillator Noise
Filter
P2.6/CLO
CLKCON.7 P2CONH.6-.4
INT Pin
NOTE: An external interrupt (with RC-delay noise filter) can be used to release stop mode
and "wake-up" the main oscillator.
In the S3C9454B/F9454B, the INT0-INT1 external interrupts are of this type.
Figure 7-4. System Clock Circuit Diagram
7-3
CLOCK CIRCUIT S3C9454B/F9454B
NOTES
7-4
S39454B/F9454B RESET and POWER-DOWN
8 RESET and POWER-DOWN
SYSTEM RESET
OVERVIEW
By smart option (3EH.7 in ROM), user can select internal RESET (LVR) or external RESET. In using internal
RESET (LVR), nRESET pin (P1.2) can be used by normal I/O pin.
The S3C9454B/F9454B can be RESET in four ways:
— by external power-on-reset
— by the external nRESET input pin pulled low
— by the digital watchdog peripheral timing out
— by Low Voltage Reset (LVR)
During a external power-on reset, the voltage at VDD is High level and the nRESET pin is forced to Low level. The
nRESET signal is input through a Schmitt trigger circuit where it is then synchronized with the CPU clock. This
brings the S3C9454B/F9454B into a known operating status. To ensure correct start-up, the user should take care
that nRESET signal is not released before the VDD level is sufficient to allow MCU operation at the chosen
frequency.
The nRESET pin must be held to Low level for a minimum time interval after the power supply comes within
tolerance in order to allow time for internal CPU clock oscillation to stabilize. The minimum required oscillation
stabilization time for a reset is approximately 6.55 ms (@ 216/fOSC, fOSC = 10 MHz).
When a reset occurs during normal operation (with both VDD and nRESET at High level), the signal at the nRESET
pin is forced Low and the Reset operation starts. All system and peripheral control registers are then set to their
default hardware Reset values (see Table 8-1).
The MCU provides a watchdog timer function in order to ensure graceful recovery from software malfunction. If
watchdog timer is not refreshed before an end-of-counter condition (overflow) is reached, the internal reset will be
activated.
The on-chip Low Voltage Reset, features static Reset when supply voltage is below a reference value (Typ. 2.3,
3.0, 3.9 V). Thanks to this feature, external reset circuit can be removed while keeping the application safety. As
long as the supply voltage is below the reference value, there is a internal and static RESET. The MCU can start
only when the supply voltage rises over the reference value.
8-1
RESET and POWER-DOWN S39454B/F9454B
NOTE
To program the duration of the oscillation stabilization interval, you must make the appropriate settings to
the basic timer control register, BTCON, before entering Stop mode. Also, if you do not want to use the
basic timer watchdog function (which causes a system reset if a basic timer counter overflow occurs), you
can disable it by writing "1010B" to the upper nibble of BTCON.
MCU Initialization Sequence

The following sequence of events occurs during a Reset operation:
— All interrupts are disabled.

— The watchdog function (basic timer) is enabled.
— Ports 0–2 are set to input mode
— Peripheral control and data registers are disabled and reset to their initial values (see Table 8-1).
— The program counter is loaded with the ROM reset address, 0100H.
— When the programmed oscillation stabilization time interval has elapsed, the address stored in ROM location
0100H (and 0101H) is fetched and executed.
Smart Option
(3EH.7)
nRESET
MUX Internal nRESET

LVR nRESET
Watchdog nRESET
Figure 8-1. Reset Block Diagram
Oscillation Stabilization Wait Time (6.55 ms/at 10 MHz)
nRESET Input
Idle Mode Operation Mode

Normal Mode or
Power-Down Mode
RESET Operation
Figure 8-2. Timing for S3C9454B/F9454B After RESET
8-2
POWER-DOWN MODES
STOP MODE
Stop mode is invoked by the instruction STOP (opcode 7FH). In Stop mode, the operation of the CPU and all
peripherals is halted. That is, the on-chip main oscillator stops and the supply current is reduced to less than 5 µA
except that the LVR(Low Voltage Reset) is enable. All system functions are halted when the clock "freezes", but
data stored in the internal register file is retained. Stop mode can be released in one of two ways: by a nRESET
signal or by an external interrupt.
Using RESET to Release Stop Mode

Stop mode is released when the nRESET signal is released and returns to High level. All system and peripheral
control registers are then Reset to their default values and the contents of all data registers are retained. A Reset
operation automatically selects a slow clock (fOSC/16) because CLKCON.3 and CLKCON.4 are cleared to "00B".
After the oscillation stabilization interval has elapsed, the CPU executes the system initialization routine by fetching
the 16-bit address stored in ROM locations 0100H and 0101H.
Using an External Interrupt to Release Stop Mode

External interrupts with an RC-delay noise filter circuit can be used to release Stop mode (Clock-related external
interrupts cannot be used). External interrupts INT0-INT1 in the S3C9454B/F9454B interrupt structure meet this
criteria.
Note that when Stop mode is released by an external interrupt, the current values in system and peripheral control
registers are not changed. When you use an interrupt to release Stop mode, the CLKCON.3 and CLKCON.4
register values remain unchanged, and the currently selected clock value is used. If you use an external interrupt
for Stop mode release, you can also program the duration of the oscillation stabilization interval. To do this, you
must put the appropriate value to BTCON register before entering Stop mode.
The external interrupt is serviced when the Stop mode release occurs. Following the IRET from the service routine,
the instruction immediately following the one that initiated Stop mode is executed.
IDLE MODE
Idle mode is invoked by the instruction IDLE (opcode 6FH). In Idle mode, CPU operations are halted while select
peripherals remain active. During Idle mode, the internal clock signal is gated off to the CPU, but not to interrupt
logic and timer/counters. Port pins retain the mode (input or output) they had at the time Idle mode was entered.
There are two ways to release Idle mode:
1. Execute a Reset. All system and peripheral control registers are Reset to their default values and the contents
of all data registers are retained. The Reset automatically selects a slow clock (fOSC/16) because CLKCON.3
and CLKCON.4 are cleared to "00B". If interrupts are masked, a Reset is the only way to release Idle mode.
2. Activate any enabled interrupt, causing Idle mode to be released. When you use an interrupt to release Idle
mode, the CLKCON.3 and CLKCON.4 register values remain unchanged, and the currently selected clock
value is used. The interrupt is then serviced. Following the IRET from the service routine, the instruction
immediately following the one that initiated Idle mode is executed.
NOTES
1. Only external interrupts that are not clock-related can be used to release stop mode. To release Idle
mode, however, any type of interrupt (that is, internal or external) can be used.
2. Before enter the STOP or IDLE mode, the ADC must be disabled. Otherwise, the STOP or IDLE
current will be increased significantly.
8-3
HARDWARE RESET VALUES
Table 8-1 lists the values for CPU and system registers, peripheral control registers, and peripheral data registers
following a Reset operation in normal operating mode.
— A "1" or a "0" shows the Reset bit value as logic one or logic zero, respectively.
— An "x" means that the bit value is undefined following a reset.
— A dash ("–") means that the bit is either not used or not mapped.
Table 8-1. Register Values After a Reset

Register Name Mnemonic Address & Location RESET Value (Bit)
Address R/W 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Timer 0 counter register T0CNT D0H R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Timer 0 data register T0DATA D1H R/W 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Timer 0 control register T0CON D2H R/W 0 0 – – 0 – 0 0
Location D3H is not mapped
Clock control register CLKCON D4H R/W 0 – – 0 0 – – –
System flags register FLAGS D5H R/W x x x x – – – –
Locations D6H–D8H are not mapped
Stack pointer register SP D9H R/W x x x x x x x x
Location DAH is not mapped
MDS special register MDSREG DBH R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Basic timer control register BTCON DCH R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Basic timer counter BTCNT DDH R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Test mode control register FTSTCON DEH W – – 0 0 0 0 0 0
System mode register SYM DFH R/W – – – – 0 0 0 0
NOTE: – : Not mapped or not used, x: undefined
8-4
Table 8-1. Register Values After a Reset (Continued)
Register Name Mnemonic Address R/W Bit Values After RESET

Hex 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Port 0 data register P0 E0H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port 1 data register P1 E1H R/W – – – – – 0 0 0
Port 2 data register P2 E2H R/W – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Locations E3H–E5H are not mapped
Port 0 control register (High byte) P0CONH E6H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port 0 control register P0CON E7H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port 0 interrupt pending register P0PND E8H R/W – – – – 0 0 0 0
Port 1 control register P1CON E9H R/W 0 0 – – 0 0 0 0
Port 2 control register (High byte) P2CONH EAH R/W – 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Port 2 control register (Low byte) P2CONL EBH R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Locations ECH–F1H are not mapped
PWM data register PWMDATA F2H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PWM control register PWMCON F3H R/W 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 0
STOP control register STOPCON F4H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Locations F5H–F6H are not mapped
A/D control register ADCON F7H R/W 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A/D converter data register (High) ADDATAH F8H R x x x x x x x x
A/D converter data register (Low) ADDATAL F9H R 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x
Locations FAH–FFH are not mapped
NOTE: – : Not mapped or not used, x: undefined
8-5
F PROGRAMMING TIP — Sample S3C9454B/F9454B Initialization Routine

;--------------<< Interrupt Vector Address >>
ORG 0000H
VECTOR 00H,INT_9454 ; S3C9454B/F9454B has only one interrupt vector
;--------------<< Smart Option >>

ORG 003CH
DB 00H ; 003CH, must be initialized to 0
DB 00H ; 003DH, must be initialized to 0
DB 03H ; 003FH, internal RC (3.2 MHz in VDD = 5 V )
;--------------<< Initialize System and Peripherals >>

ORG 0100H
RESET: DI ; disable interrupt
LD BTCON,#10100011B ; Watch-dog disable
LD CLKCON,#00011000B ; Select non-divided CPU clock
LD SP,#0C0H ; Stack pointer must be set
LD P0CONH,#10101010B ;
LD P0CONL,#10101010B ; P0.0–P0.7 push-pull output
LD P1CON,#00001010B ; P1.0–P1.1 push-pull output
LD P2CONH,#01001010B ;
;--------------<< Timer 0 settings >>

LD T0DATA,#50H ; CPU = 3.2 MHz, interrupt interval = 6.4 msec
LD T0CON,#01001010B ; fOSC/256, Timer 0 interrupt enable
;--------------<< Clear all data registers from 00h to 5FH >>

LD R0,#0 ; RAM clear
RAM_CLR: CLR @R0 ;
INC R0 ;
CP R0,#0BFH ;
JP ULE,RAM_CLR
;--------------<< Initialize other registers >>

•
•
•
EI ; Enable interrupt
8-6
F PROGRAMMING TIP — Sample S3C9454B/F9454B Initialization Routine (Continued)

;--------------<< Main loop >>
MAIN: NOP ; Start main loop

LD BTCON,#02H ; Enable watchdog function
; Basic counter (BTCNT) clear
•
•
CALL KEY_SCAN ;
•
•
•
CALL LED_DISPLAY ;
•
•
•
CALL JOB ;
•
•
•
JR T,MAIN ;
;--------------<< Subroutines >>
KEY_SCAN: NOP ;
•
•
•
RET
LED_DISPLAY: NOP ;
•
•
•
RET
JOB: NOP ;
•
•
•
RET
8-7

;--------------<< Interrupt Service Routines >> ; Interrupt enable bit and pending bit check
INT_9454: TM T0CON,#00000010B ; Timer0 interrupt enable check

JR Z,NEXT_CHK1 ;
TM T0CON,#00000001B ; If timer0 interrupt was occurred,
JP NZ,INT_TIMER0 ; T0CON.0 bit would be set.
NEXT_CHK1:
TM PWMCOM,#00000010B ; PWM overflow interrupt enable check

JR Z,NEXT_CHK2 ;
TM P0PND,#00000001B ;
JP NZ,PWMOVF_INT ;
NEXT_CHK2:
TM P0PND,#00000010B ; INT0 interrupt enable check

JR Z,NEXT_CHK3 ;
TM P0PND,#00000001B ;
JP NZ,INT0_INT ;
NEXT_CHK3:
TM P0PND,#00001000B ; INT1 interrupt enable check

JP Z,END_INT ;
TM P0PND,#00000100B ;
JP NZ,INT1_INT ;
IRET ; Interrupt return
END_INT ; IRET
;--------------< Timer0 interrupt service routine >
INT_TIMER0:
• ;
•
AND T0CON,#11110110B ; Pending bit clear
;--------------< PWM overflow interrupt service routine >
PWMOVF_INT:
•
•
AND PWMCON,#11110110B ; Pending bit clear
8-8

;--------------< External interrupt0 service routine >
INT0_INT: •
•
AND P0PND,#11111110B ; INT0 Pending bit clear
;--------------< External interrupt1 service routine >
INT1_INT: •
•
AND P0PND,#11111011B ; INT1 Pending bit clear
•
•
END ;
8-9
NOTES
8-10
S3C9454B/F9454B I/O PORTS
9 I/O PORTS
OVERVIEW
The S3C9454B/F9454B has three I/O ports: with 18 pins total. You access these ports directly by writing or
reading port data register addresses.
All ports can be configured as LED drive. (High current output: typical 10 mA)
Table 9-1. S3C9454B/F9454B Port Configuration Overview

Port Function Description Programmability
0 Bit-programmable I/O port for schmitt trigger input or push-pull output. Bit
Pull-up resistors are assignable by software. Port 0 pins can also be used
as alternative function. (ADC input, external interrupt input).
1 Bit-programmable I/O port for schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain Bit
output. Pull-up or pull-down resistors are assignable by software. Port 1
pins can also oscillator input/output or reset input by smart option. P1.2 is
input only.
2 Bit-programmable I/O port for schmitt trigger input or push-pull, open-drain Bit
output. Pull-up resistor are assignable by software. Port 2 can also be
used as alternative function (ADC input, CLO, T0 clock output)
9-1
I/O PORTS S3C9454B/F9454B
PORT DATA REGISTERS
Table 9-2 gives you an overview of the port data register names, locations, and addressing characteristics. Data
registers for ports 0-2 have the structure shown in Figure 9-1.
Table 9-2. Port Data Register Summary

Register Name Mnemonic Hex R/W
Port 0 data register P0 E0H R/W
NOTE: A reset operation clears the P0–P2 data register to "00H".
I/O Port n Data Register (n = 0-2)
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
Pn.0
Pn.1
Pn.2
Pn.3
Pn.4
Pn.5
Pn.6
Pn.7
Figure 9-1. Port Data Register Format
9-2
PORT 0
Port 0 is a bit-programmable, general-purpose, I/O ports. You can select normal input or push-pull output mode. In
addition, you can configure a pull-up resistor to individual pins using control register settings.
It is designed for high-current functions such as LED direct drive. Part 0 pins can also be used as alternative
functions (ADC input, external interrupt input and PWM output).
Two control resisters are used to control Port 0: P0CONH (E6H) and P0CONL (E7H).
You access port 0 directly by writing or reading the corresponding port data register, P0 (E0H).
VDD
Pull-up Pull-up register

Enable (50 kΩ typical)
VDD
P0CONH
PWM M
U In/Out
P0 Data X
Output DIsable
(input mode)
D1
Input Data MUX
D0
Circuit type A
External Noise
Interrupt Input Filter
To ADC
NOTE: I/O pins have protection diodes Mode Input Data

through VDD and VSS. Output D0
Input D1
Figure 9-2. Port 0 Circuit Diagram
9-3
Port 0 Control Register (High Byte)

E6H, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
[.7-.6] Port, P0.7/ADC7 Configuration Bits

0 0 = Schmitt trigger input; pull-up enable
0 1 = Schmitt trigger input
1 0 = Push-pull output
1 1 = A/D converter input (ADC7); schmitt trigger input off
[.5-.4] Port 0, P0.6/ADC6/PWM Configuration Bits

0 1 = Alternative function (PWM output)
[.3-.2] Port 0, P0.5/ADC5 Configuration Bits


Figure 9-3. Port 0 Control Register (P0CONH, High Byte)
9-4
Port 0 Control Register (Low Byte)

E7H, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB

1 1 = A/D converter input (ADC3); Schmitt trigger input off

[.3-.2] Port 0, P0.1/ADC1/INT1 Configuration Bits

0 0 = Schmitt trigger input/falling edge interrupt input
0 1 = Schmitt trigger input; pull-up enable/falling edge interrupt input
[.1-.0] Port 0, P0.0/ADC0/INT0 Configuration Bits

0 0 = Schmitt trigger input/falling edge interrupt input
0 1 = Schmitt trigger input; pull-up enable/falling edge interrupt input
Figure 9-4. Port 0 Control Register (P0CONL, Low Byte)
9-5
Port 0 Interrupt Pending Register

E8H, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
[.7-.4] Not used for S3C9454B/F9454B
[.3] Port 0.1/ADC1/INT1, Interrupt Enable Bit

0 = INT1 falling edge interrupt disable
1 = INT1 falling edge interrupt enable
[.2] Port 0.1/ADC1/INT1, Interrupt Pending Bit

0 = No interrupt pending (when read)
0 = Pending bit clear (when write)
1 = Interrupt is pending (when read)
1 = No effect (when write)
[.1] Port 0.0/ADC0/INT0, Interrupt Enable Bit

0 = INT0 falling edge interrupt disable
1 = INT0 falling edge interrupt enable
[.0] Port 0.0/ADC0/INT0, Interrupt Pending Bit

0 = No interrupt pending (when read)
0 = Pending bit clear (when write)
1 = Interrupt is pending (when read)
1 = No effect (when write)
Figure 9-5. Port 0 Interrupt Pending Registers (P0PND)
9-6
PORT 1
Port 1, is a 3-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. It can be used for general I/O port (Schmitt trigger input
mode, push-pull output mode or n-channel open-drain output mode). In addition, you can configure a pull-up and
pull-down resistor to individual pin using control register settings. It is designed for high-current functions such as
LED direct drive.
P1.0, P1.1 are used for oscillator input/output by smart option. Also, P1.2 is used for RESET pin by smart option.
One control register is used to control port 1: P1CON (E9H).

You address port 1 bits directly by writing or reading the port 1 data register, P1 (E1H). When you use external
oscillator, P1.0, P1.1 must be set to output port to prevent current consumption.
VDD
Pull-Up Register
(50 kΩ typical)
Pull-up
Enable
Open-Drain VDD
Smart option
P1 Data In/Out
MUX
Output DIsable
(input mode)
D1
Input Data MUX
D0
Circuit type A
XIN, XOUT or RESET
Pull-Down
Enable
Pull-Down Register
(50 kΩ typical)
Mode Input Data

NOTE: I/O pins have protection diodes
Output D0
through VDD and VSS.
Input D1
9-7
Port 1 Control Register

E9H, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
[.7] Port 1.1 N-Channel Open-Drain Enable Bit

0 = Configure P1.1 as a push-pull output
1 = Configure P1.1 as a n-channel open-drain output
[.6] Port 1.0 N-Channel Open-Drain Enable Bit

0 = Configure P1.0 as a push-pull output
1 = Configure P1.0 as a N-channel open-drain output
[.5-.4] Not used for S3C9454B/F9454B
[.3-.2] Port 1, P1.1 Configuration Bits

0 0 = Schmitt trigger input;
1 1 = Schmitt trigger input; pull-down enable

0 0 = Schmitt trigger input;
1 1 = Schmitt trigger input; pull-down enable
NOTE: When you use external oscillator, P1.0, P1.1 must be set to
output port to prevent current consumption.
Figure 9-7. Port 1 Control Register (P1CON)
9-8
PORT 2
Port 2 is a 7-bit I/O port with individually configurable pins. It can be used for general I/O port (schmitt trigger input
mode, push-pull output mode or N-channel open-drain output mode). You can also use some pins of port 2 ADC
input, CLO output and T0 clock output. In addition, you can configure a pull-up resistor to individual pins using
control register settings. It is designed for high-current functions such as LED direct drive.
You address port 2 bits directly by writing or reading the port 2 data register, P2 (E2H). The port 2 control register,
P2CONH and P2CONL is located at addresses EAH, EBH respectively.
VDD
Pull-up Pull-up register

Enable (50 kΩ typical)
Open-Drain VDD
P2CONH/L
CLO, T0 M
U In/Out
P0 Data X
Output DIsable
(input mode)
D1
Input Data MUX
D0
Circuit Type A
to ADC
NOTE: I/O pins have protection diodes

Mode Input Data
through VDD and VSS.
Output D0
Input D1
9-9
Port 2 Control Register (High Byte)

EAH, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
[.7] Not sued for S3C9454B/F9454B
[.6-.4] Port 2, P2.6/ADC8/CLO Configuration Bits

0 0 0 = Schmitt trigger input; pull-up enable
0 0 1 = Schmitt trigger input
0 1 x = ADC input
1 0 0 = Push-pull output
1 0 1 = Open-drain output; pull-up enable
1 1 0 = Open-drain output
1 1 1 = Alternative function; CLO output

1 1 = Open-drain output

NOTE: When noise problem is important issue, you had better not
use CLO output
Figure 9-9. Port 2 Control Register (P2CONH, High Byte)
9-10
Port 2 Control Register (Low Byte)

EBH, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB




1 1 = T0 match output
Figure 9-10. Port 2 Control Register (P2CONL, Low Byte)
9-11
NOTES
9-12
S3C9454B/F9454B BASIC TIMER and TIMER 0
10 BASIC TIMER and TIMER 0
MODULE OVERVIEW
The S3C9454B/F9454B has two default timers: an 8-bit basic timer, one 8-bit general-purpose timer/counter,
called timer 0.
Basic Timer (BT)

You can use the basic timer (BT) in two different ways:
— As a watchdog timer to provide an automatic Reset mechanism in the event of a system malfunction.
— To signal the end of the required oscillation stabilization interval after a Reset or a Stop mode release.
The functional components of the basic timer block are:

— Clock frequency divider (fOSC divided by 4096, 1024, or 128) with multiplexer
— 8-bit basic timer counter, BTCNT (DDH, read-only)
— Basic timer control register, BTCON (DCH, read/write)
Timer 0
Timer 0 has the following functional components:
— Clock frequency divider (fOSC divided by 4096, 256, 8, or fOSC) with multiplexer
— 8-bit counter (T0CNT), 8-bit comparator, and 8-bit data register (T0DATA)
— Timer 0 control register (T0CON)
10-1
BASIC TIMER and TIMER 0 S3C9454B/F9454B
BASIC TIMER (BT)
BASIC TIMER CONTROL REGISTER (BTCON)
The basic timer control register, BTCON, is used to select the input clock frequency, to clear the basic timer
counter and frequency dividers, and to enable or disable the watchdog timer function.
A Reset clears BTCON to "00H". This enables the watchdog function and selects a basic timer clock frequency of
fOSC/4096. To disable the watchdog function, you must write the signature code "1010B" to the basic timer register
control bits BTCON.7–BTCON.4.
The 8-bit basic timer counter, BTCNT, can be cleared during normal operation by writing a "1" to BTCON.1. To
clear the frequency dividers for both the basic timer input clock and the timer 0 clock, you write a "1" to BTCON.0.
Basic Timer Control Register (BTCON)

DCH, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
Divider clear bit for basic

Watchdog timer enable bits:
timer and timer 0:
1010B = Disable watchdog function
0 = No effect
Other value = Enable watchdog
1 = Clear both dividers
function
Basic timer counter clear bits:
0 = No effect
1 = Clear basic timer counter
Basic timer input clock selection bits:

00 = fosc/4096
01 = fosc/1024
10 = fosc/128
11 = Invalid selection
NOTE: When you write a 1 to BTCON.0 (or BTCON.1), the basic timer
divider (or basic timer counter) is cleared. The bit is then cleared
automatically to 0.
Figure 10-1. Basic Timer Control Register (BTCON)
10-2
BASIC TIMER FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Watchdog Timer Function

You can program the basic timer overflow signal (BTOVF) to generate a Reset by setting BTCON.7–BTCON.4 to
any value other than "1010B" (The "1010B" value disables the watchdog function). A Reset clears BTCON to
"00H", automatically enabling the watchdog timer function. A Reset also selects the oscillator clock divided by
4096 as the BT clock.
A Reset whenever a basic timer counter overflow occurs. During normal operation, the application program must
prevent the overflow, and the accompanying reset operation, from occurring. To do this, the BTCNT value must be
cleared (by writing a "1" to BTCON.1) at regular intervals.
If a system malfunction occurs due to circuit noise or some other error condition, the BT counter clear operation
will not be executed and a basic timer overflow will occur, initiating a Reset. In other words, during normal
operation, the basic timer overflow loop (a bit 7 overflow of the 8-bit basic timer counter, BTCNT) is always broken
by a BTCNT clear instruction. If a malfunction does occur, a Reset is triggered automatically.
Oscillation Stabilization Interval Timer Function

You can also use the basic timer to program a specific oscillation stabilization interval following a Reset or when
Stop mode has been released by an external interrupt.
In Stop mode, whenever a Reset or an external interrupt occurs, the oscillator starts. The BTCNT value then starts
increasing at the rate of fOSC/4096 (for Reset), or at the rate of the preset clock source (for an external interrupt).
When BTCNT.4 is set, a signal is generated to indicate that the stabilization interval has elapsed and to gate the
clock signal off to the CPU so that it can resume normal operation.
In summary, the following events occur when Stop mode is released:
1. During Stop mode, a external power-on Reset or an external interrupt occurs to trigger the Stop mode release
and oscillation starts.
2. If a external power-on Reset occurred, the basic timer counter will increase at the rate of fOSC/4096. If an
external interrupt is used to release Stop mode, the BTCNT value increases at the rate of the preset clock
source.
3. Clock oscillation stabilization interval begins and continues until bit 4 of the basic timer counter is set.
4. When a BTCNT.4 is set, normal CPU operation resumes.
Figure 10-2 and 10-3 shows the oscillation stabilization time on RESET and STOP mode release
10-3
Oscillation Stabilization Time Normal Operating mode
0.8 VDD
VDD
Reset Release Voltage

RESET
trst ~ RC
Internal
Reset
Release
0.8 VDD
Oscillator
(XOUT )
Oscillator Stabilization Time
BTCNT
clock
BTCNT 10000B
value
00000B
tWAIT = (4096x16)/f OSC
Basic timer increment and

CPU operations are IDLE mode
NOTE: Duration of the oscillator stabilization wait time, t WAIT , when it is released by a
Power-on-reset is 4096 x 16/f OSC.
tRST ~ RC (R and C are value of external power on Reset)
Figure 10-2. Oscillation Stabilization Time on RESET
10-4
Normal STOP Mode Oscillation Stabilization Time Normal

Operating Operating
Mode Mode
VDD
STOP
Instruction STOP Mode
Execution Release Signal
External
Interrupt
RESET
STOP
Release
Signal
Oscillator
(XOUT )
BTCNT
clock
10000B
BTCNT
00000B
Value tWAIT
Basic Timer Increment
NOTE: Duration of the oscillator stabilzation wait time, t WAIT , it is released by an

interrupt is determined by the setting in basic timer control register, BTCON.
BTCON.3 BTCON.2 tWAIT tWAIT (When fOSC is 10 MHz)

0 0 (4096 x 16)/fosc 6.55 ms
0 1 (1024 x 16)/fosc 1.64 ms
1 0 (128 x 16)/fosc 0.2 ms
1 1 Invalid setting
Figure 10-3. Oscillation Stabilization Time on STOP Mode Release
10-5
F PROGRAMMING TIP — Configuring the Basic Timer

This example shows how to configure the basic timer to sample specification.
ORG 0000H
;--------------<< Smart Option >>
ORG 003CH
DB 03H ; 003FH, internal RC (3.2 MHz in VDD = 5 V)
ORG 0100H
RESET: DI ; Disable interrupt

LD SP,#0C0H ; Stack pointer must be set
•
•

; Basic timer clock: fOSC/4096
•
•
•
;--------------<< Main loop >>
MAIN: •
•
•
•
JR T,MAIN ;
;--------------<< Interrupt Service Routines >>
INT_9454: • ; Interrupt enable bit and pending bit check

• ;
• ; Pending bit clear
IRET ;
•
•
END ;
10-6
TIMER 0
TIMER 0 CONTROL REGISTERS (T0CON)
The timer 0 control register, T0CON, is used to select the timer 0 operating mode (interval timer) and input clock
frequency, to clear the timer 0 counter, and to enable the T0 match interrupt. It also contains a pending bit for T0
match interrupts.
A Reset clears T0CON to "00H". This sets timer 0 to normal interval timer mode, selects an input clock frequency
of fOSC /4096, and disables the T0 match interrupts. The T0 counter can be cleared at any time during normal
operation by writing a "1" to T0CON.3.
Timer 0 Control Register

D3H, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
Timer 0 input clock selection bits: Timer 0 interrupt pending bit:

00 = fosc/4096 0 = No T0 interrupt pending (when read)
01 = fosc/256 0 = Clear T0 pending bit (when write)
10 = fosc/8 1 = Interrupt is pending (when read)
11 = fosc 1 = No effect (when write)
Timer 0 interrupt enable bit:

Not used for S3C9454B/F9454B 0 = Disable T0 interrupt
1 = Enable T0 interrupt
Not used for S3C9454B/F9454B
Timer 0 counter clear bit:

0 = No effect
1 = Clear the Timer 0 counter (when write)
NOTE: To use T0 match output(P2.0), T0CON.3 must be set to "1".

In this case, there can be same delay in the timer operation
In case time interval is very important, make T0CON.3 "0".
Figure 10-4. Timer 0 Control Registers (T0CON)
10-7
TIMER 0 FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Interval Timer Mode

In interval timer mode, a match signal is generated when the counter value is identical to the value written to the
Timer 0 reference data register, T0DATA. The match signal generates a Timer 0 match interrupt (T0INT, vector
00H) and then clears the counter. If, for example, you write the value "10H" to T0DATA, the counter will increment
until it reaches "10H". At this point, the Timer 0 interrupt request is generated, the counter value is reset and
counting resumes.
T0CON.3
CLK Counter (T0CNT) R (clear)
Timer 0 counter clear
Match
Comparator PND IRQ0 (T0INT)
Data Register (T0DATA) T0CON.1
Interrupt Enable/Disable
NOTE: T0CON.3 is not auto-cleared, you must pay attention when clear pending bit
(refer to P10-12)
Figure 10-5. Simplified Timer 0 Function Diagram (Interval Timer Mode)
10-8
Compare Value Match Match Match

(T0DATA) Match Match Match Match
Up Counter Value
(T0CNT)
00H
Clear Clear Clear

Count start
T0CON.3 1 T0DATA
Value change
Counter Clear
(T0CON.3)
Interrupt Request
(T0CON.0)
T0 Match Output
(P2.0)
Figure 10-6. Timer 0 Timing Diagram
10-9
Bit 1
RESET or
STOP
Bits 3, 2 Basic Timer Control Register

Data Bus (Write '1010xxxxB' to disable.)
MUX
Clear
1/4096
8-Bit Up Counter RESET
1/1024 OVF
XIN DIV MUX (BTCNT, Read-Only)
1/128
When BTCNT.4 is set after
R releasing from RESET or STOP
mode, CPU clock starts.
Bit 0
Bits 7, 6 Data Bus
R 1/4096
1/256 T0CNT (D0H) Clear Bit 3
XIN DIV MUX (Read-Only)
1/8
1 Bit 1
Match
8-Bit Comparator Bit 0 IRQ0
P2.0
P2CONL.1-.0
T0DATA Buffer
Bit 3
Match Signal
T0DATA (D1H)
(Read/Write)
Basic Timer Control Register
Data Bus Timer 0 Control Register
NOTE: During a power-on Reset operation, the CPU is idle during the required oscillation stabilization interval
(until bit 4 the basic timer counter is set).
Figure 10-7. Basic Timer and Timer 0 Block Diagram
10-10
F PROGRAMMING TIP1 – Configuring Timer 0 (Interval Mode)

The following sample program sets Timer 0 to interval timer mode.
ORG 0000H
ORG 003CH
ORG 0100H
RESET: DI ; Disable interrupt

LD BTCON,#10100011B ; Watchdog disable
LD SP,#0C0H ; Set stack pointer
LD P0CONH,#10101010B ;
LD P0CONL,#10101010B ; P0.0–0.7 push-pull output
LD P1CON,#00001010B ; P1.0–P1.1 push-pull output
LD P2CONH,#01001010B ;
;--------------<< Timer 0 settings >>
LD T0DATA,#50H ; CPU = 3.2 MHz, interrupt interval = 4 msec

LD T0CON,#01001010B ; fOSC/256, Timer 0 interrupt enable
•
•
•
;--------------<< Main loop >>
MAIN: NOP ; Start main loop

•
•
•
CALL LED_DISPLAY ; Sub-block module
•
•
•
CALL JOB ; Sub-block module
•
•
•
JR T,MAIN ;
10-11
F PROGRAMMING TIP1 – Configuring Timer 0 (Interval Mode) (Continued)

LED_DISPLAY: NOP ;
• ;
• ;
• ;
RET ;
JOB: NOP ;
• ;
• ;
• ;
RET ;
INT_9454: TM T0CON,#00000010B ; Interrupt enable check

JR Z,NEXT_CHK1 ;
TM T0CON,#00000001B ; If timer 0 interrupt was occurred,

JP NZ,INT_TIMER0 ; T0CON.0 bit would be set.
NEXT_CHK1: • ; Interrupt enable bit and pending bit check

• ;
• ;
IRET ;
INT_TIMER0: ; Timer 0 interrupt service routine
•
•
•
AND T0CON,#11110110B ; Pending bit clear
IRET ;
•
•
END ;
10-12
S3C9454B/F9454B 8-BIT PWM
11 8-BIT PWM (PULSE WIDTH MODULATION)
OVERVIEW
This microcontroller has the 8-bit PWM circuit. The operation of all PWM circuit is controlled by a single control
register, PWMCON.
The PWM counter is a 8-bit incrementing counter. It is used by the 8-bit PWM circuits. To start the counter and
enable the PWM circuits, you set PWMCON.2 to "1". If the counter is stopped, it retains its current count value;
when re-started, it resumes counting from the retained count value. When there is a need to clear the counter you
set PWMCON.3 to "1".
You can select a clock for the PWM counter by set PWMCON.6–.7. Clocks which you can select are fOSC/64,
fOSC/8, fOSC/2, fOSC/1.
FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
PWM
The 8-bit PWM circuits have the following components:
— 6-bit comparator and extension cycle circuit

— 6-bit reference data register (PWMDATA.7–.2)
— 2-bit extension data register (PWMDATA.1–.0)
— PWM output pins (P0.6/PWM)
PWM Counter
To determine the PWM module's base operating frequency, the upper 6-bits of counter is compared to the PWM
data (PWMDATA.7–.2). In order to achieve higher resolutions, the lower 2-bits of the counter can be used to
modulate the "stretch" cycle. To control the "stretching" of the PWM output duty cycle at specific intervals, the
lower 2-bits of counter value is compared with the PWMDATA.1–.0.
11-1
8-BIT PWM S3C9454B/F9454B
PWM Data and Extension Registers

PWM (duty) data registers, located in F2H, determine the output value generated by each 8-bit PWM circuit.
To program the required PWM output, you load the appropriate initialization values into the 6-bit reference data
register (PWMDATA.7–.2) and the 2-bit extension data register (PWMDATA.1–.0). To start the PWM counter, or
to resume counting, you set PWMCON.2 to "1".
A reset operation disables all PWM output. The current counter value is retained when the counter stops. When
the counter starts, counting resumes at the retained value.
PWM Clock Rate

The timing characteristics of PWM output is based on the fOSC clock frequency. The PWM counter clock value is
determined by the setting of PWMCON.6–.7.
Table 11-1. PWM Control and Data Registers

Register Name Mnemonic Address Function
PWM data registers PWMDATA.7–.2 F2H.7–.2 6-bit PWM basic cycle frame value
PWMDATA.1–.0 F2H.1–.0 2-bit extension ("stretch") value
PWM control registers PWMCON F3H PWM counter stop/start (resume), and
PWM counter clock settings
PWM Function Description

The PWM output signal toggles to Low level whenever the lower 6-bit of counter matches the reference data
register (PWMDATA.7–.2). If the value in the PWMDATA.7–.2 register is not zero, an overflow of the lower 6-bits
of counter causes the PWM output to toggle to High level. In this way, the reference value written to the reference
data register determines the module's base duty cycle.
The value in the upper 2-bits of counter is compared with the extension settings in the 2-bit extension data register
(PWMDATA.1–.0). This lower 2-bits of counter value, together with extension logic and the PWM module's
extension data register , is then used to "stretch" the duty cycle of the PWM output. The "stretch" value is one
extra clock period at specific intervals, or cycles (see Table 11-2).
If, for example, the value in the extension data register is '01B', the 2nd cycle will be one pulse longer than the
other 3 cycles. If the base duty cycle is 50 %, the duty of the 2nd cycle will therefore be "stretched" to
approximately 51% duty. For example, if you write 10B to the extension data register, all odd-numbered pulses will
be one cycle longer. If you write 11H to the extension data register, all pulses will be stretched by one cycle except
the 4th pulse. PWM output goes to an output buffer and then to the corresponding PWM output pin. In this way,
you can obtain high output resolution at high frequencies.
11-2
Table 11-2. PWM output "stretch" Values for Extension Data Register (PWMDATA.1–.0)
PWMDATA Bit (Bit1–Bit0) "Stretched" Cycle Number
00 –
01 2
10 1, 3
11 1, 2, 3
0H 40H 80H
PWM
4 MHz
Clock:
000000xxB
250 ns 250 ns
PWM 000001xxB
Data
Register
Values:
100000xxB
(PWMDATA) 8 ms 8 ms
111111xxB
250 ns
Figure 11-1. 8-Bit PWM Basic Waveform
11-3
0H 40H
PWM Clock: 4 MHz
500 ns
000010xxB
PWMDATA
: 0000 1001B
Basic Extended
waveform waveform
1st 2nd 3th 4th 1st 2nd 3th 4th
0H 40H
4 MHz
750 ns
Figure 11-2. 8-Bit Extended PWM Waveform
11-4
PWM CONTROL REGISTER (PWMCON)
The control register for the PWM module, PWMCON, is located at register address F3H. PWMCON is used the 8-
bit PWM modules. Bit settings in the PWMCON register control the following functions:
— PWM counter clock selection

— PWM data reload interval selection
— PWM counter clear
— PWM counter stop/start (or resume) operation
— PWM counter overflow (8-bit counter overflow) interrupt control
A reset clears all PWMCON bits to logic zero, disabling the entire PWM module.
PWM Control Register (PWMCON)

F3H, Reset: 00H
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
PWM input clock PWM OVF interrupt pending bit:

selection bits: 0 = No interrupt pending
00 = fOSC/64 0 = Clear pending condition (when write)
01 = fOSC/8 1 = Interrupt pending
10 = fOSC/2
11 = fOSC/1
PWM OVF interrupt enable bit:
0 = Disable interrupt
Not used for 1 = Enable interrupt
S3C9454B/F9454B
PWM counter enable bit:
0 = Stop counter
PWMDATA reload
1 = Start (resume countering)
interval selection bit:
0 : reload from 8-bit up
counter overflow PWM counter clear bit:
1: reload from 6-bit up 0 = No effect
counter overflow 1 = Clear the PWM counter
Figure 11-3. PWM Control Register (PWMCON)
11-5
fOSC/8 fOSC
fOSC/64 fOSC/2
PWMCON.6-.7 MUX
From 8-bit up counter (7:6) From 8-bit up counter (5:0)
2-bit 6-bit
Counter Counter
PWMCON.2
"1" When REG > Count
6-bit
Comparator
P0.6/PWM "1" When REG = Count
6-bit Data
Extension Buffer
Control Logic
Extension Data
Buffer
6-bit Data F2H

Register (F2H) bit7-2
F2H PWM Extension

bit1-0 Data Register
PWMCON.3 (clear)
8 or 6-bit up counter overflow
DATA BUS (7:0)
Figure 11-4. PWM Functional Block Diagram
11-6
F PROGRAMMING TIP — Programming the PWM Module to Sample Specifications

;--------------<< Interrupt Vector Address >>
ORG 0000H
VECTOR 00H,INT_9454 ; S3C9454/F9454 has only one interrupt vector
;--------------<< Smart Option >>
ORG 003CH
DB 00H ; 003CH, must be initialized to 0.
DB 00H ; 003DH, must be initialized to 0.
ORG 0100H
•
•
LD P0CONH,#10011010B ; Configure P0.6 PWM output
LD PWMCON,#00000110B ; fOSC/64, counter/interrupt enable
LD PWMDATA,#80H ;
•
•
;--------------<< Main loop >>
MAIN: ;
• ;
• ;
• ;
• ;
JR t,MAIN ;

TM PWMCON,#00000010B ; Interrupt enable check
JR Z,NEXT_CHK1 ;
TM PWMCON,#00000001B ; Interrupt pending bit check
JP NZ,INT_PWM ; PWMCON's pending bit set --> PWM interrupt
NEXT_CHK1: •
•
•
IRET ;
11-7
F PROGRAMMING TIP — Programming the PWM Module to Sample Specifications (Continued)

INT_PWM: ; PWM interrupt service routine
•
•
•
AND PWMCON,#11110110B ; pending bit clear
IRET ;
•
•
END
11-8
S3C9454B/F9454B A/D CONVERTER
12 A/D CONVERTER
OVERVIEW
The 10-bit A/D converter (ADC) module uses successive approximation logic to convert analog levels entering at
one of the nine input channels to equivalent 10-bit digital values. The analog input level must lie between the VDD
and VSS values. The A/D converter has the following components:
— Analog comparator with successive approximation logic

— D/A converter logic
— ADC control register (ADCON)
— Nine multiplexed analog data input pins (ADC0–ADC8)
— 10-bit A/D conversion data output register (ADDATAH/L):
To initiate an analog-to-digital conversion procedure, you write the channel selection data in the A/D converter
control register ADCON to select one of the nine analog input pins (ADCn, n = 0–8) and set the conversion start or
enable bit, ADCON.0. The read-write ADCON register is located at address F7H.
During a normal conversion, ADC logic initially sets the successive approximation register to 200H (the
approximate half-way point of an 10-bit register). This register is then updated automatically during each
conversion step. The successive approximation block performs 10-bit conversions for one input channel at a time.
You can dynamically select different channels by manipulating the channel selection bit value (ADCON.7–4) in the
ADCON register. To start the A/D conversion, you should set a the enable bit, ADCON.0. When a conversion is
completed, ACON.3, the end-of-conversion (EOC) bit is automatically set to 1 and the result is dumped into the
ADDATA register where it can be read. The A/D converter then enters an idle state. Remember to read the
contents of ADDATA before another conversion starts. Otherwise, the previous result will be overwritten by the
next conversion result.
NOTE
Because the ADC does not use sample-and-hold circuitry, it is important that any fluctuations in the analog
level at the ADC0–ADC8 input pins during a conversion procedure be kept to an absolute minimum. Any
change in the input level, perhaps due to circuit noise, will invalidate the result.
12-1
A/D CONVERTER S3C9454B/F9454B
USING A/D PINS FOR STANDARD DIGITAL INPUT
The ADC module's input pins are alternatively used as digital input in port 0 and P2.6.
A/D CONVERTER CONTROL REGISTER (ADCON)
The A/D converter control register, ADCON, is located at address F7H. ADCON has four functions:
— Bits 7-4 select an analog input pin (ADC0–ADC8).

— Bit 3 indicates the status of the A/D conversion.
— Bits 2-1 select a conversion speed.
— Bit 0 starts the A/D conversion.
Only one analog input channel can be selected at a time. You can dynamically select any one of the ten analog
input pins (ADC0–ADC8) by manipulating the 4-bit value for ADCON.7–ADCON.4.
A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON)

F7H, R/W
MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
A/D Conversion input pin selection bits

Conversion start bit:
0000 ADC0 (P0.0) 0 = No effect
0001 ADC1 (P0.1) 1 = A/D conversion start
0010 ADC2 (P0.2)
0011 ADC3 (P0.3)
0100 ADC4 (P0.4) Conversion speed selection bits: (note)
0101 ADC5 (P0.5) 00 = fOSC/16 (f OSC < 10 MHz)
1001 Connected with GND internally
... ...
1111 Connected with GND internally
End-of-conversion (ECO) status bit:
0 = A/D conversion is in progress
1 = A/D conversion complete
NOTE: Maximum ADC clock input = 4 MHz
Figure 12-1. A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON)
12-2
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE LEVELS
In the ADC function block, the analog input voltage level is compared to the reference voltage. The analog input
level must remain within the range VSS to VDD.
Different reference voltage levels are generated internally along the resistor tree during the analog conversion
process for each conversion step. The reference voltage level for the first bit conversion is always 1/2 VDD.
A/D Converter Control Register
ADCON (F7H)
ADCON.0 (ADEN)
ADCON.7-.4
Control Clock ADCON.3
Circuit Selector (EOC Flag)
M ADCON.2-.1
ADC0/P0.0 U
L Successive
ADC1/P0.1 + Approximation
T -
ADC2/P0.2 I Circuit
P Analog
L Comparator
E
ADC7/P0.7
X
ADC8/P2.6 E
R
VDD Conversion Result
D/A Converter ADDATAH ADDATAL
VSS (F8H) (F9H)
To data bus
Figure 12-2. A/D Converter Circuit Diagram
ADDATAH MSB .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .0 LSB
ADDATAL MSB - - - - - - .1 .0 LSB
Figure 12-3. A/D Converter Data Register (ADDATAH/L)
12-3
ADC0N.0 1
50 ADC clock
Conversion
Start
ECO
ADDATA 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Privious ADDATAH (8-bit) + ADDATAL (2-bit) Valid

Value Set-up time 40 clock data
10 clock
Figure 12-4. A/D Converter Timing Diagram
CONVERSION TIMING
The A/D conversion process requires 4 steps (4 clock edges) to convert each bit and 10 clocks to step-up A/D
conversion. Therefore, total of 50 clocks are required to complete an 10-bit conversion: With an 10 MHz CPU
clock frequency, one clock cycle is 400 ns (4/fosc). If each bit conversion requires 4 clocks, the conversion rate is
calculated as follows:
4 clocks/bit × 10-bits + step-up time (10 clock) = 50 clocks

50 clock × 400 ns = 20 µs at 10 MHz, 1 clock time = 4/fOSC (assuming ADCON.2–.1 = 10)
12-4
INTERNAL A/D CONVERSION PROCEDURE
1. Analog input must remain between the voltage range of VSS and VDD.
2. Configure the analog input pins to input mode by making the appropriate settings in P0CONH, P0CONL and
P2CONH registers.
3. Before the conversion operation starts, you must first select one of the nine input pins (ADC0–ADC8) by
writing the appropriate value to the ADCON register.
4. When conversion has been completed, (50 clocks have elapsed), the EOC flag is set to “1”, so that a check
can be made to verify that the conversion was successful.
5. The converted digital value is loaded to the output register, ADDATAH (8-bit) and ADDATAL (2-bit), then the
ADC module enters an idle state.
6. The digital conversion result can now be read from the ADDATAH and ADDATAL register.
VDD
XIN
Analog
ADC0-ADC8
Input Pin
101 XOUT
S3C9454B/
F9454B
VSS
Figure 12-5. Recommended A/D Converter Circuit for Highest Absolute Accuracy
12-5
F PROGRAMMING TIP – Configuring A/D Converter

ORG 0000H
VECTOR 00H,INT_9454 ; S3C9454/F9454 has only one interrupt vector
ORG 003CH
ORG 0100H
•
•
•
LD P0CONH,#11111111B ; Configure P0.4–P0.7 AD input
LD P0CONL,#11111111B ; Configure P0.0–P0.3 AD input
LD P2CONH,#00100000B ; Configure P2.6 AD input
;--------------<< Main loop >>
MAIN: •
•
•
CALL AD_CONV ; Subroutine for AD conversion
•
•
•
JR t,MAIN ;
AD_CONV: LD ADCON,#00000001B ; Select analog input channel → P0.0

; select conversion speed → fOSC/16
; set conversion start bit
NOP
NOP ; If you select conversion speed to fOSC/16
NOP ; at least three nop must be included
12-6
F PROGRAMMING TIP – Configuring A/D Converter (Continued)

CONV_LOOP: TM ADCON,#00001000B ; Check EOC flag
JR Z,CONV_LOOP ; If EOC flag=0, jump to CONV_LOOP until EOC flag=1
LD R0,ADDATAH ; High 8 bits of conversion result are stored
; to ADDATAH register
LD R1,ADDATAL ; Low 2 bits of conversion result are stored

; to ADDATAL register
LD ADCON,#00010011B ; Select analog input channel → P0.1
; Select conversion speed → fOSC/8

; Set conversion start bit
CONV_LOOP2:TM ADCON,#00001000B ; Check EOC flag

JR Z,CONV_LOOP2
LD R2,ADDATAH
LD R3,ADDATAL
•
•
•
RET ;
• ;
• ; Pending bit clear
IRET ;
•
•
END
12-7
NOTES
12-8
S3C9454B/F9454B ELECTRICAL DATA
13 ELECTRICAL DATA
OVERVIEW
In this section, the following S3C9454B/F9454B electrical characteristics are presented in tables and graphs:
— Absolute maximum ratings

— D.C. electrical characteristics
— A.C. electrical characteristics
— Input timing measurement points
— Oscillator characteristics
— Oscillation stabilization time
— Operating voltage range
— Schmitt trigger input characteristics
— Data retention supply voltage in stop mode
— Stop mode release timing when initiated by a RESET
— A/D converter electrical characteristics
— LVR circuit characteristics
— LVR reset timing
13-1
ELECTRICAL DATA S3C9454B/F9454B
Table 13-1. Absolute Maximum Ratings

(TA = 25 °C)
Parameter Symbol Conditions Rating Unit
Supply voltage VDD – – 0.3 to + 6.5 V
Input voltage VI All ports – 0.3 to VDD + 0.3 V
Output voltage VO All output ports – 0.3 to VDD + 0.3 V
Output current high IOH One I/O pin active – 25 mA
All I/O pins active – 80
Output current low IOL One I/O pin active + 30 mA
All I/O pins active + 150
Operating temperature TA – – 25 to + 85 °C
Storage temperature TSTG – – 65 to + 150 °C
13-2
Table 13-2. DC Electrical Characteristics

(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Input high VIH1 Ports 0, 1, 2 and VDD= 2.0 to 5.5 V 0.8 VDD – VDD V
voltage RESET
VIH2 XIN and XOUT VDD- 0.1
Input low VIL1 Ports 0, 1, 2 and VDD= 2.0 to 5.5 V – – 0.2 VDD V
voltage RESET
VIL2 XIN and XOUT 0.1
Output high VOH IOH = – 10 mA VDD= 4.5 to 5.5 V VDD-1.5 VDD- 0.4 – V
voltage ports 0, 1, 2
Output low VOL IOL = 25 mA VDD= 4.5 to 5.5 V – 0.4 2.0 V
voltage port 0, 1, and 2
Input high ILIH1 All input except VIN = VDD – – 1 uA
leakage current ILIH2
ILIH2 XIN, XOUT VIN = VDD 20
Input low ILIL1 All input except VIN = 0 V – – –1 uA
leakage current ILIL2
ILIL2 XIN, XOUT VIN = 0 V –20
Output high ILOH All output pins VOUT = VDD – – 2 uA
leakage current
Output low ILOL All output pins VOUT = 0 V – – –2 uA
leakage current
Pull-up resistors RP VIN = 0 V, TA=25°C VDD = 5 V 25 50 100 kΩ
Ports 0, 1, 2
Pull-down RP VIN = 0 V, TA=25°C VDD = 5 V 25 50 100
resistors Ports 1
Supply current IDD1 Run mode VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V – 5 10 mA
10 MHz CPU clock
3 MHz CPU clock VDD = 2.0 V 2 5
IDD2 Idle mode VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V – 2 4
10 MHz CPU clock
3 MHz CPU clock VDD = 2.0 V 0.5 1.5
IDD3 Stop mode VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V – 0.1 5 uA
TA = 25°C (LVR disable)
VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V 100 200
(LVR enable)
VDD = 2.6 V 30 60
(LVR enable)
NOTE: Supply current does not include current drawn through internal pull-up resistors or external output current loads and
ADC module.
13-3
Table 13-3. AC Electrical Characteristics

(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Interrupt input tINTL INT0, INT1 – 200 – ns
low width VDD = 5 V ± 10 %
RESET input tRSL Input – 1 – us
low width VDD = 5 V ± 10 %
tINTL tINTH
XIN 0.8 VDD
0.2 VDD
Figure 13-1. Input Timing Measurement Points
13-4
Table 13-4. Oscillator Characteristics

(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C)
Oscillator Clock Circuit Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit
Main crystal or C1 XIN VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V 1 – 10 MHz
ceramic
C2 XOUT
VDD = 2.7 to 4.5 V 1 – 6 MHz

VDD = 2.0 to 2.7 V 1 – 3 MHz
External clock VDD = 4.5 to 5.5 V 1 – 10 MHz
XIN
(Main System)
XOUT
VDD = 2.7 to 4.5 V 1 – 6 MHz

VDD = 2.0 to 2.7 V 1 – 3 MHz
External RC – VDD = 5 V – 4 – MHz
oscillator
Internal RC – VDD = 5 V – 3.2
oscillator
Tolerance:20% at TA =25°C 0.5
Table 13-5. Oscillation Stabilization Time

(TA = - 25 °C to + 85 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Oscillator Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit
Main crystal fOSC > 1.0 MHz – – 20 ms
Main ceramic Oscillation stabilization occurs when VDD is – – 10 ms
equal to the minimum oscillator voltage range.
External clock XIN input high and low width (tXH, tXL) 25 – 500 ns
(main system)
16
Oscillator tWAIT when released by a reset (1) – 2 /fOSC – ms
stabilization
Wait time tWAIT when released by an interrupt (2) – – – ms
NOTES:
1. fOSC is the oscillator frequency.
2. The duration of the oscillator stabilization wait time, tWAIT, when it is released by an interrupt is determined by the
settings in the basic timer control register, BTCON.
13-5
CPU Clock
10 MHz
6 MHz
4 MHz
3 MHz
2 MHz
1 MHz
1 2 2.7 3 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 7
Supply Voltage (V)
Figure 13-2. Operating Voltage Range
VOUT
VDD
A = 0.2 VDD
B = 0.4 VDD
C = 0.6 VDD
D = 0.8 VDD
VSS
A B C D VIN
0.3 VDD 0.7 VDD
Figure 13-3. Schmitt Trigger Input Characteristics Diagram
13-6
Table 13-6. Data Retention Supply Voltage in Stop Mode

(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Data retention VDDDR Stop mode 2.0 – 5.5 V
supply voltage
Data retention IDDDR Stop mode; VDDDR = 2.0 V – 0.1 5 uA
supply current
NOTE: Supply current does not include current drawn through internal pull-up resistors or external output current loads.
RESET
Oscillation
Occurs
Stop Mode Stabilization
~
~
Time
Data Retention Mode

VDD
~
~
Normal
VDDDR Operating
Execution Of
Stop Instrction Mode
RESET
tWAIT
NOTE: tWAIT is the same as 4096 x 16 x 1/f OSC
Figure 13-4. Stop Mode Release Timing When Initiated by a RESET
13-7
Table 13-7. A/D Converter Electrical Characteristics

(TA = – 25 °C to + 85 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V, VSS = 0 V)
Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Total accuracy – VDD = 5.12 V – – ±3 LSB
CPU clock = 10 MHz
VSS = 0 V
Integral linearity ILE ″ – – ±2
error
Differential linearity DLE ″ – – ±1
error
Offset error of top EOT ″ – ±1 ±3
Offset error of EOB ″ – ±1 ±2
bottom
Conversion tCON fOSC = 10 MHz – 20 – µs
time (1)
Analog input VIAN – VSS – VDD V
voltage
Analog input RAN – 2 – – MW
impedance
Analog input IADIN VDD = 5 V – – 10 µA
current
Analog block IADC VDD = 5 V – 1 3 mA
current (2)
VDD = 3 V 0.5 1.5
VDD = 5 V – 100 500 nA
power down mode
NOTES:
1. “Conversion time” is the time required from the moment a conversion operation starts until it ends.
2. IADC is operating current during A/D conversion.
13-8
Table 13-8. LVR Circuit Characteristics

(TA = 25 °C, VDD = 2.0 V to 5.5 V)
Low voltage reset VLVR – 2.0 2.3 2.6 V
3.3 3.0 3.6
3.6 3.9 4.2
VDD
VLVR,MAX
VLVR
VLVR,MIN
Figure 13-5. LVR Reset Timing
13-9
NOTES
13-10
S3C9454B/F9454B MECHANICAL DATA
14 MECHANICAL DATA
OVERVIEW
The S3C9454B/F9454B is available in a 20-pin DIP package (Samsung: 20-DIP-300A), a 20-pin SOP package
(Samsung: 20-SOP-375), a 20-pin SSOP package (Samsung: 20-SSOP-225), a 16-pin DIP package (Samsung:
16-DIP-300A), a 16-pin SOP package (Samsung: 16-SOP-BD300-SG), a 16-pin SSOP package (Samsung: 16-
SSOP-BD44). Package dimensions are shown in Figure 14-1, 14-2, 14-3, 14-4, 14-5 and 14-6.
#20 #11 0-15

6.40 ± 0.20
7.62
20-DIP-300A
- 0 10
.05
.
+0
0.2
5
#1 #10
5.08 MAX
3.25 ± 0.20
26.80 MAX
26.40 ± 0.20
3.30 ± 0.30
0.51 MIN
0.46 ± 0.10
(1.77) 1.52 ± 0.10 2.54
NOTE: Dimensions are in millimeters.
Figure 14-1. 20-DIP-300A Package Dimensions
14-1
MECHANICAL DATA S3C9454B/F9454B
0-8
#20 #11
10.30 ± 0.30
7.50 ± 0.20
9.53
20-SOP-375
+ 0.10
0.85 ± 0.20
#1 #10 0.203 - 0.05
2.50 MAX
2.30 ± 0.10
13.14 MAX
12.74 ± 0.20
0.10 MAX
0.05 MIN
(0.66) 1.27
+ 0.10
0.40 - 0.05
Figure 14-2. 20-SOP-375 Package Dimensions
14-2
0-8
#20 #11
6.40 ± 0.20
4.40 ± 0.10
5.72
20-SSOP-225
+ 0.10
#1 #10
0.50 ± 0.20
0.15 - 0.05
1.85 MAX
1.50 ± 0.10
6.90 MAX
6.50 ± 0.20
0.10 MAX
0.05 MIN
(0.30) 0.65
+0.10
0.22 -0.05
Figure 14-3. 20-SSOP-225 Package Dimensions
14-3
#16 #9 0-15
6.40 ± 0.20
7.62
16-DIP-300A
- 0 10
.05
.
+0
0.2
5
#1 #8
5.08 MAX
3.25 ± 0.20
19.80 MAX
19.40 ± 0.20
0.38 MIN
3.30 ± 0.30
0.46 ± 0.10
(0.81) 1.50 ± 0.10 2.54
Figure 14-4. 16-DIP-300A Package Dimensions
14-4
10.50
10.10
0-8
#16 #9
0.30
10.56
10.26
0.10
16-SOP-BD300-SG
0.32
#1 #8
0.23 1.27
0.40
0.75
× 45 °
0.50
2.65
2.35
1.27BSC
0.48
0.35
Figure 14-5. 16-SOP-BD300-SG Package Dimensions
14-5
#16 #9
0.173 ± 0.004
0.252 ± 0.008
4.40 ± 0.10
6.40 ± 0.20
0.213
5.40
16-SSOP-BD44
+0.10
0.15 -0.05
#1 #8 +0.004
0.019 ± 0.008
0.50 ± 0.20
0.006 -0.002
0.059 ± 0.004
1.50 ± 0.10
6.50 ± 0.10
0.256 ± 0.004
MAX
0.072
1.85
0.10 MAX
0.004 MAX 0.80 MIN
0.45
0.031
0.002
0.05
0.018
+0.10
0.30 -0.07
+0.004
0.012 -0.003
Figure 14-6. 16-SSOP-BD44 Package Dimensions
14-6
S3C9454B/F9454B S3F9454B MTP
15 S3F9454B MTP
OVERVIEW
The S3F9454B single-chip CMOS microcontroller is the MTP (Multi Time Programmable) version of the
S3C9454BB/F9454B microcontroller. It has an on-chip Flash ROM instead of masked ROM. The Flash ROM is
accessed by serial data format.
The S3F9454B is fully compatible with the S3C9454BB/F9454B, in function, in D.C. electrical characteristics, and
in pin configuration. Because of its simple programming requirements, the S3F9454B is ideal for use as an
evaluation chip for the S3C9454BB/F9454B.
VSS/VSS 1 20 VDD/VDD
XIN/P1.0 2 19 P0.0/ADC0/INT0/SCL
XOUT/P1.1 3 18 P0.1/ADC1/INT1/SDA
VPP/RESET/P1.2 4 17 P0.2/ADC2
T0/P2.0 5 16 P0.3/ADC3
S3F9454B
P2.1 6 15 P0.4/ADC4
P2.2 7 14 P0.5/ADC5
P2.3 8 13 P0.6/ADC6/PWM
P2.4 9 12 P0.7/ADC7
P2.5 10 11 P2.6/ADC8/CLO
NOTE: The bolds indicate MTP pin name.
Figure 15-1. Pin Assignment Diagram (20-Pin Package)
15-1
S3F9454B MTP S3C9454B/F9454B
VSS/VSS 1 16 VDD/VDD
XIN/P1.0 2 15 P0.0/ADC0/INT0/SCL
XOUT/P1.1 3 14 P0.1/ADC1/INT1/SDA
VPP/RESET/P1.2 4 13 P0.2/ADC2
S3F9454B
T0/P2.0 5 12 P0.3/ADC3
P2.1 6 11 P0.4/ADC4
P2.2 7 10 P0.5/ADC5
P2.3 8 9 P0.6/ADC6/PWM
NOTE: The bolds indicate MTP pin name.
Figure 15-2. Pin Assignment Diagram (16-Pin Package)
15-2
S3C9454B/F9454B S3F9454B MTP
Table 15-1. Descriptions of Pins Used to Read/Write the Flash ROM

Main Chip During Programming
Pin Name Pin Name Pin No. I/O Function
P0.1 SDA 18 (20-pin) I/O Serial data pin (output when reading, Input
14 (16-pin) when writing) Input and push-pull output port
can be assigned
P0.0 SCL 19 (20-pin) I Serial clock pin (input only pin)
15 (16-pin)
RESET, P1.2 VPP 4 I Power supply pin for flash ROM cell writing
(indicates that MTP enters into the writing
mode). When 12.5 V is applied, MTP is in
writing mode and when 5 V is applied,
MTP is in reading mode. (Option)
VDD/VSS VDD/VSS 20 (20-pin), 16 (16-pin) I Logic power supply pin.
1 (20-pin), 1 (16-pin)
Table 15-2. Comparison of S3F9454B and S3C9454B Features

Characteristic S3F9454B S3C9454B
Program memory 4 Kbyte Flash ROM 4K byte mask ROM
Operating voltage (VDD) 2.0 V to 5.5 V 2.0 V to 5.5 V
MTP programming mode VDD = 5 V, VPP = 12.5 V
Pin configuration 20 DIP/20 SOP/20 SSOP/16 DIP/16SOP/16 SSOP/8 DIP/8 SOP
EPROM programmability User Program multi time Programmed at the factory
OPERATING MODE CHARACTERISTICS
When 12.5 V is supplied to the VPP pin of the S3F9454B Flash ROM programming mode is entered. The operating
mode (read, write, or read protection) is selected according to the input signals to the pins listed in Table 15-3
below.
Table 15-3. Operating Mode Selection Criteria

VDD VPP REG/MEM Address R/W Mode
(A15–A0)
5V 5V 0 0000H 1 Flash ROM read
12.5 V 0 0000H 0 Flash ROM program
12.5 V 0 0000H 1 Flash ROM verify
12.5 V 1 0E3FH 0 Flash ROM read protection
NOTE: "0" means Low level; "1" means High level.
15-3
S3F9454B MTP S3C9454B/F9454B
NOTES
15-4
S3C9454B/F9454B DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
16 DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
OVERVIEW
Samsung provides a powerful and easy-to-use development support system in turnkey form. The development
support system is configured with a host system, debugging tools, and support software. For the host system, any
standard computer that employs Win95/98/2000 as its operating system can be used. A sophisticated debugging
tool is provided both hardware and software: the powerful in-circuit emulator, SMDS2+ or SK-1000, for S3C7,
S3C9, S3C8 families of microcontrollers. The SMDS2+ is a new and improved version of SMDS2, and SK-1000 is
supported by a third party tool vendor. Samsung also offers support software that includes debugger, assembler,
and a program for setting options.
SHINE
Samsung Host Interface for in-circuit Emulator, SHINE, is a multi-window based debugger for SMDS2+. SHINE
provides pull-down and pop-up menus, mouse support, function/hot keys, and context-sensitive hyper-linked help.
It has an advanced, multiple-windowed user interface that emphasizes ease of use. Each window can be sized,
moved, scrolled, highlighted, added, or removed completely.
SAMA ASSEMBLER
The Samsung Arrangeable Microcontroller (SAM) Assembler, SAMA, is a universal assembler, and generates
object code in standard hexadecimal format. Assembled program code includes the object code that is used for
ROM data and required SMDS program control data. To assemble programs, SAMA requires a source file and an
auxiliary definition (DEF) file with device specific information.
SASM86
The SASM86 is an relocatable assembler for Samsung's S3C9-series microcontrollers. The SASM86 takes a
source file containing assembly language statements and translates into a corresponding source code, object
code and comments. The SASM86 supports macros and conditional assembly. It runs on the MS-DOS operating
system. It produces the relocatable object code only, so the user should link object file. Object files can be linked
with other object files and loaded into memory.
HEX2ROM
HEX2ROM file generates ROM code from HEX file which has been produced by assembler. ROM code must be
needed to fabricate a microcontroller which has a mask ROM. When generating the ROM code (.OBJ file) by
HEX2ROM, the value "FF" is filled into the unused ROM area upto the maximum ROM size of the target device
automatically.
16-1
DEVELOPMENT TOOLS S3C9454B/F9454B
TARGET BOARDS
Target boards are available for all S3C9-series microcontrollers. All required target system cables and adapters
are included with the device-specific target board.
MTPs
Multi times programmable microcontrollers (MTPs) are under development for S3C9454B/F9454B microcontroller.
IBM-PC AT or Compatible
RS-232C Emulator (SMDS2+ or SK-1000)
Target
EPROM Writer Unit Application
System
RAM Break/Display Unit
Probe
Adapter
Bus
Trace/Timer Unit
POD TB9454B
SAM8 Base Unit Target
Board
EVA
Power Supply Unit Chip
Figure 16-1. SMDS2+ or SK-1000 Product Configuration
16-2
TB9454B TARGET BOARD
The TB9454B target board is used for the S3C9454B/F9454B microcontrollers. It is supported by the
SK1000/SMDS2+ development systems.
TB9454B
To User_VCC
Off On
VCC
RESET
Idle Stop
+ +
U2
GND
25
J101
100-Pin Connector
1 20
CN1 20-Pin Connector

128 QFP
S3E9450
EVA Chip
1 24 10 11
External
Triggers 8 pin DIP switch
CH1
SMDS SMDS2+
CH2
SM1333A
Figure 16-2. TB9454B Target Board Configuration
16-3
Table 16-1. Power Selection Settings for TB9454B

"To User_Vcc" Settings Operating Mode Comments
To user_Vcc The SK1000/SMDS2+ main
TB9454B External board supplies VCC to the
off on Target target board (evaluation chip)
VCC
System
and the target system.
VSS
VCC
SK-1000/SMDS2+
To user_Vcc The SK1000/SMDS2+ main

board supplies VCC only to the
off on TB9454B External
Target target board (evaluation chip).
VCC
System The target system must have
VSS its own power supply.
VCC
SK-1000/SMDS2+
NOTE: The following symbol in the "To User_Vcc" Setting column indicates the electrical short (off) configuration:
SMDS2+ Selection (SAM8)

In order to write data into program memory that is available in SMDS2+, the target board should be selected to be
for SMDS2+ through a switch as follows. Otherwise, the program memory writing function is not available.
Table 16-2. The SMDS2+ Tool Selection Setting

"SW1" Setting Operating Mode
SMDS SMDS2+
R/W* R/W*
Target
System
SMDS2+
16-4
Table 16-3. Using Single Header Pins as the Input Path for External Trigger Sources
Target Board Part Comments
External Connector from

Triggers External Trigger
Sources of the
Ch1 Application System
Ch2
You can connect an external trigger source to one of the two

external trigger channels (CH1 or CH2) for the SK-1000/SMDS2+
breakpoint and trace functions.
ON
OFF
3EH.7 3EH.6 3EH.5 3EH.4 3EH.3 3EH.2 3FH.1 3FH.0
ON Low
OFF High
NOTE: About EVA chip, smart option is determined by DIP switch

not software.
Figure 16-3. DIP Switch for Smart Option
16-5
J101
VSS 1 20 VDD
P1.0 2 19 P0.0/ADC0/INT0
20-PIN DIP SOCKET

P1.1 3 18 P0.1/ADC1/INT1
RESET/P1.2 4 17 P0.2/ADC2
T0/P2.0 5 16 P0.3/ADC3
P2.1 6 15 P0.4/ADC4
P2.2 7 14 P0.5/ADC5
P2.3 8 13 P0.6/ADC6/PWM
P2.4 9 12 P0.7/ADC7
P2.5 10 11 P2.6/ADC8/CLO
Figure 16-4. 20-Pin Connector for TB9454B
Target Board Target System
J101
1 20 1 20
20-Pin Connector
20-Pin Connector
Part Name: AS20D

Order Cods: SM6304
10 11 10 11
Figure 16-5. S3C9454B/F9454B Probe Adapter for 20-DIP Package
16-6

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S3C9454B/F9454B 8-Bit CMOS Microcontroller

Samsung Electronics' microcontroller business has been awarded full ISO-14001

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

TEL: (0331) 209-1907

S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER iii

Part I — Programming Model

Chapter 1 Product Overview

Chapter 2 Address Spaces

Chapter 3 Addressing Modes

Chapter 4 Control Registers

Chapter 5 Interrupt Structure

Chapter 6 SAM88RCRI Instruction Set

Part II — Hardware Descriptions

Chapter 7 Clock Circuit

Chapter 8 RESET and Power-Down

Chapter 9 I/O Ports

Chapter 10 Basic Timer and Timers

S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER vii

Chapter 11 8-Bit PWM

Chapter 12 A/D Converter

Chapter 13 Electrical Data

Chapter 14 Mechanical Data

Chapter 15 S3F9454B MTP

Chapter 16 Development Tools

viii S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER

Figure Title Page

1-1 Block Diagram ......................................................................................................................... 1-3

2-1 Program Memory Address Space ........................................................................................... 2-2

3-1 Register Addressing ...........................................................................................................................3-2

4-1 Register Description Format..............................................................................................................4-4

5-1 S3F9-Series Interrupt Type ..................................................................................................... 5-1

6-1 System Flags Register (FLAGS) ............................................................................................. 6-4

Figure Title Page

8-1 Reset Block Diagram ...............................................................................................................8-2

9-1 Port Data Register Format.......................................................................................................9-2

10-1 Basic Timer Control Register (BTCON) ..................................................................................10-2

11-1 8-Bit PWM Basic Waveform ....................................................................................................11-3

12-1 A/D Converter Control Register (ADCON) ..............................................................................12-2

Figure Title Page

13-1 Input Timing Measurement Points .......................................................................................... 13-4

14-1 20-DIP-300A Package Dimensions......................................................................................... 14-1

15-1 Pin Assignment Diagram (20-Pin Package)............................................................................ 15-1

16-1 SMDS2+ or SK-1000 Product Configuration ........................................................................... 16-2

Table Title Page

1-1 S3C9454B/F9454B Pin Descriptions ...................................................................................... 1-6

2-1 Register Type Summary.......................................................................................................... 2-5

4-1 System and Peripheral control Registers ........................................................................................4-2

6-1 Instruction Group Summary ..............................................................................................................6-2

8-1 Register Values After a Reset ................................................................................................. 8-4

9-1 S3C9454B/F9454B Port Configuration Overview ................................................................... 9-1

11-1 PWM Control and Data Registers ........................................................................................... 11-2

13-1 Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................................................... 13-2

15-1 Descriptions of Pins Used to Read/Write the Flash ROM....................................................... 15-3

16-1 Power Selection Settings for TB9454B ................................................................................... 16-4

S3C9454B/F9454B MICROCONTROLLER xiii

Chapter 8: RESET and Power-Down

Chapter 10: Basic Timer and Timer 0

Chapter 11: 8-Bit PWM

Chapter 12: A/D Converter