PH sp3
PH sp3
PH sp3
Class – XI
PHYSICS (Theory)
General Instructions:
5. Give reason: “A spring balance show wrong measure after long use”.
Ans. This is because the spring loses its elastic character after long use.
%,
%,
%
= (1 + 4 + 4.5)%
= 9.5%
8. What would be the velocity of the top end at the time of touching the ground if a rod
of length l and mass M held vertically is let go down, without slipping at the point of
contact?
Ans. Loss in potential energy = Gain in rotational Kinetic energy
v =lm
=
10. If 1A0 = 10-10 m and the size of a hydrogen atom is about 0.5 A0, then what is the total
=5.23 x 10-31m3
According to Avogadro’s hypothesis, one mole of hydrogen contains 6.023 x 1023 atoms.
= 3.15 x 10-7m3.
11. What is the average speed during the whole journey, if a body covers half of its
journey with a speed of 40 m/s and other half with a speed of 60 m/s.
Ans. Average speed =
Let x be the distance to be covered,
Average speed =
Where = time taken to cover first half of the distance, = time taken to cover the
second half of the distance,
Average speed =
= 48 ms-1
12. Find the height to which it rises above the earth’s surface if a particle is projected
vertically upwards from the surface of earth of radius R with kinetic energy equal to
half of the minimum value needed for it to escape.
Ans. Escape velocity from the surface of earth is
K.E of a body Kes=1/2 mv2es =
The body is projected from the surface of earth with a K.E half of that needed to escape from
earth surface hence
Initial K.E. of body
And its potential energy
Total initial energy of body
The body goes up to a maximum height h from surface of earth, where the final K.E. =0 and
P.E =
Total energy =
On simplifying, h =R.
= 1837.5 ms-1
Volume occupied by one mole of hydrogen at S.T.P = 22.4 litres = 22.4 x 10-3m3
Mass of hydrogen M = volume x density
= 2.016 x 10-3 kg
= 6.48 x 1023kg
(ii) Using Kepler’s third law
15. Deduce the height at which the value of g is the same as at a depth of ?
Ans. At depth = , value of acceleration due to gravity
At height x,
16. A body of mass m is suspended by two strings making angles α and β with the
horizontal. Calculate the tensions in the two strings.
Ans. Consider components of tensions T1 and T2 along the horizontal and vertical directions
T1 sin α + T2 sin β = mg
From (i)
And substituting if in (ii) we get
Hence,
17. i. Calculate the angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy of earth about its
own axis.
ii. How long could this amount of energy supply one KW power to each of the 3.5 x 109
persons on earth?
Ans. Assume that earth to be a solid sphere. We know that the moment of inertia of a solid
sphere about its axis is
I= MR2
= 9.8 x 1037 kg m2
In one day the earth completes one revolution. Hence the angular velocity is given by
Angular momentum Iω = (98 x 1037 kg m2) (7.27 x 10-5 s-1)
= 2.6 x 1029 J
Power supplied by this energy
18. A diagram below is a light inextensible string. If a force F as shown acts upon M1,
Ans. As the string is inextensible acceleration of two blocks will be same. Also string is
massless so tension throughout the string will be same. Contact force will be normal force
only.
Acceleration of each block is a , tension in string is T and connect force between M1 and
M1g – N1 =0--------------------------(ii)
T = M2a--------------------------(iii)
M2g – N2 =0--------------------------(iv)
Experimentally value of for real gas was calculated by altering the pressure of gas at
different temperatures. The graphs obtained have been shown in the diagram. Here for the
purpose of comparison, graph for an ideal gas has also been drawn, which is a straight line
parallel to pressure axis.
From the graph it is clear that behavior of real gases is differ from an ideal gas. However at
high temperatures and low pressures behaviors is nearly same as that of an ideal gas.
20. A uniform disc of radius R and mass M is mounted on an axis supported in fixed
frictionless bearing. A light chord is wrapped around the rim of the wheel and supposes
that we hang a body of mass m from the chord. Find the angular of the disc and
tangential acceleration of point on the rim.
Ans. Let T be the tension in the chord
mg – T = ma,----------------------------(i)
I = ½ MR2
2TR = Ma
--------------------------- (ii)
From the equation (i) and (ii)
We know that
Particle velocity
=160 π
Particle velocity = 160 cm/sec.
22. Uniform spring whose upstretched length is has a force constant k. the spring is
cut into two pieces of upstretched lengths, 1 and 2, where 1 = n 2 and n is an
integer. What are the corresponding force constant K 1 and K 2 in terms of n and k?
Or
If a steel rod has a radius of 10 mm and a length of 1.0 m. A 100 kN force stretches it
1 = n 2---------------------------------------- (ii)
------------------------------------- (iii)
------------------------------ (iv)
-------------------------------- (v)
Dividing the equation (iv) by (iii),
k2 = k(n+1)
Or
a) Stress =
b) Elongation L=
= 1.59 mm
g) Strain =
= 0.16%
23. Radha was 70 kg at the age of 16 years. She then decided to lose weight. She started
walking daily for 30 minutes and started taking only milk and fruits. Her parents
advised her not to cut off her meal so drastically. She showed the result of losing 30 kg
but she was feeling weak. So her parents took her to doctor who advised her to take
proper balanced diet and exercise regularly.
a) Is taking crash diet advisable? Why?
b) Give the relation between SI and CGS unit of heat.
c) What would be her rise in temperature, if Radha weighing 40 kg now was advised to
take 4000 kcal diet in a day and this energy was to be used in heating her without any
losses? [Given: Sp. Heat of human body = 0.83 cal g-10C-1
Ans. a) Crash diet should not be taken as it makes body weak and less immune to diseases. It
makes the body deficient in certain nutrients which is harmful for body.
b) The SI unit of heat = Joule and the CGS unit of heat = Calorie
1 calorie = 4.18 J
c) Substituting the values for Q = cm T, we get
T = 40.160C
24. Find the expression for time period of motion of a body suspended by two springs
connected in parallel and series.
Or
Calculate the frequency of the first and last fork if a set of 24 tuning forks is arranged
in series of increasing frequencies. If each fork gives with the preceding one and the
last fork is octave of the first.
Ans.
Consider the body of mass M suspended by two springs connected in parallel. Let K 1 and K 2
Since both the forces acting in the same direction, total restoring force acting on the body is
given by
F = F 1 + F 2 = - K 1 y – K 2 y = - (K 1 + K 2)y
--------------- (i)
Since is constant a = - y
Hence motion of the body is SHM
The time period of body is given by
----------------- (ii)
K1=K2=K
For series:
Consider the body of mass M suspended by two springs S 1 and S 2 which are connected in
At any instant the displacement of the body from equilibrium position is y in the downward
direction. If y 1 and y 2 be the extension produced in the springs S 1 and S 2.
y = y 1 + y 2 ---------------------------- (i)
F 1 = -K 1+ y 1 ---------------------------------- (ii)
F 2 = -K 2+ y 2---------------------------------- (iii)
Multiplying the equation (ii) by K 2 and equation (iii) by K 1 and adding we get,
F (K 1+ K 2) =-k1k2y
Let u be the initial velocity of the particle at l =0 and v is the final velocity of the particle after
time t. consider two points A and B on the curve corresponding to t=0 and t =t.
Draw ZBD perpendicular to time axis. Also draw AC perpendicular to BD.
OA = CD = u
BC = (v – u) and OD = t
Now,
Slope of v – t graph = acceleration (a)
a = slope of v – t graph
tan =
v –u = at
v = u + at
(ii) Distance travelled in time t will be,
x0 = position of the particle at t =0 from the origin
= ½ (2u + at) x t
= ut + ½ at2
x – x0 = S
S = ut + ½ at2
(iii) Velocity attained after travelling a distance S:
Distance travelled by a particle in time t is equal to the area under velocity-time graph. The
distance (s) travelled by a particle during time interval t is given by
S = area under v – t graph
S = area of Trapezium OABD
= ½ (sum of parallel sides) x perpendicular distance between these parallel sides
S = ½ (OA + OD) x AC --------------------------- (i)
Acceleration a = slope of v – t graph
---------------------------- (ii)
OA = u and BD = v--------------------------- (iii)
From equation (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
v2 – u2 = 2aS
Or
From the
------------------------------- (i)
------------------------------- (ii)
-------------------- (iii)
From equation (ii) and (iii),
Substituting,
--------------------- (iv)
26. If a stone is dropped from the top of a mountain and n second later another stone is
thrown vertically downwards with a velocity of u m/s, then how far below the top of the
mountain will be the second stone overtake the first?
Or
A particle is projected horizontally with a speed u from top of a plane inclined at an
angle with the horizontal direction. How far from the point of projection will the
particle strike the plane?
Ans. The second stone will catch up with the first stone when the distance covered by it in (t
– n) second will equal the distance covered by the first stone in t second.
The distance covered by the first stone in t second = ½ gt2 and distance covered by the second
stone in (1 –n) second.
u (t –n) + ½ g (t –n)2
½ gt2 = u (t – n) + ½ g (t –n)2
We get x = ut or i =x/u
Taking motion of projectile along y – axis
y0 = y, y = y, u = 0, ay = g, t = t
And y = x tan =
Distance OP =
=