1

BUSINESS STATISTICS CIA 1A

Classification, Tabulation and Inferences of company

data

Submitted by:

Akhilesh K 2123502 – Procter and Gamble

Anirudh Upadhyaya 2123506 – Britannia

Sahil Iqbal 2123535 – Nestle

Deepali Kiran 2123552 – ITC Limited

 Why we chose this Industry?

The manufacturing business is that of a highly lucrative one which requires a reasonable
investment but once it is established it fetches large and consistent profits. Manufacturing also
helps in improving and raising living standards more than any sector and since it has a high
profit margin for most companies within the market it’s the best sector to choose as one can fully
utilize the measures of central tendency and thus can make a judgement thereof.
 Company Descriptions

Nestle India
NESTLE India is a subsidiary of NESTLE S.A. of Switzerland. It has eight factories along with
a large number of co-packers, Nestlé India provides consumers in India with products of global
standards and is committed to long-term sustainable growth and shareholder satisfaction. The
Company continuously focuses on forming a better understanding about the changing lifestyles
of India and anticipate consumer needs in order to provide quality, taste, wellness and health.
They have goals such as helping 50 million children live healthier lives, improving 30 million
livelihoods in communities related to them along with striving for 0 environmental impact
through their operations by 2023.

Procter & Gamble

The Procter & Gamble Company is a multinational consumer goods corporation headquartered
in Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded by William Procter and James Gamble in 1873, Procter and
Gamble specializes in a wide range of products like personal care, healthcare, Baby care, Family
care and much more. As of 2015, 21 of P & G’s brands make more than $1 billion in sales.
These brands include Bounty, Crest, Always and Tide, these are global products which are
available in Asia, Europe, Australia, North America, Latin America, the Middle East and New
Zealand.

Britannia Industries
Britannia Industries Limited is an Indian food firm that is part of the Wadia Group, which is led
by Nusli Wadia. Founded in 1892 and headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal, it is one the oldest
firms in India. It is well known for its biscuit goods. The firm distributes biscuits, breads, and
dairy goods under the Britannia and Tiger brands in India and worldwide. Since its purchase by
the Wadia Group in the early 1990s, the corporation has been embroiled in a series of issues
involving its management. It does, however, have a sizable market share and is lucrative.
ITC Limited
ITC limited is an Indian conglomerate company established in 1910. Headquartered in Kolkata,
West Bengal, ITC has made quite the impact on different industries like FMCG, hotels,
packaging and manufacturing. ITC limited was initially of the name “Imperial tobacco company
of India limited”, however in 1974 it was changed into ITC Limited. The former British owned
company was later converted in a public limited company and continued to diversify its business
into different products and expand their business to 13 businesses and exporting to 90 countries.

Company Datasets

Nestle India
Procter & Gamble

Britannia Industries
ITC Limited

Tabulated Datasets
Nestle India
Table 1: Total revenue, expense and profit and loss before tax of Nestle India for the years
2011-2020
Amounts in crores

Sources: Money control

Procter & Gamble
Table 2: Total revenue, expense and profit and loss before tax of Proctor & Gamble for the years
2011-2020
Amounts in crores

Sources: Money control

Britannia Industries
Table 3: Total revenue, expense and profit and loss before tax of Britannia Industries for the
years 2011-2020
Amounts in crores

Sources: Money control

ITC Limited
Table 4: Total revenue, expense and profit and loss before tax of ITC Limited for the years
2011-2020
Amounts in crores

Sources: Money control

 Graphical Representation of Given Datasets
Fig 1.1 Graphical representation of Nestle India’s Total Revenue and Total
Expenses

Fig 1.2 Graphical representation of Nestle India’s Profit/loss before tax

Fig 2.1 Graphical Representation of Procter & Gamble’s Total Revenue and
Total Expenses

Fig 2.2 Graphical Representation of Procter & Gamble’s Profit/loss before tax
Fig 3.1 Graphical representation of Britannia Industry’s Total Revenue and
Total Expenses
Fig 3.2 Graphical representation of Britannia Industry’s Profit/loss before tax

Fig 4.1 Graphical representation of ITC Limited’s Total Revenue and Total
Expenses
Fig 4.2 Graphical representation of ITC Limited’s Profit/loss before tax
 Measures of Central Tendency

The three main measures of central tendency is mean, median and mode.

Mean- it’s the sum of all observations in a given data set divided by the total
number of observations.
Median- it is the middle value of a given data when all the values are arranged in
ascending order.
Mode- The mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values.

Using this information we shall calculate the measures of central tendency upon
the chose company datasets

Nestle India

 Mean

∑𝑥 19,043.73
Mean 𝑥̅ = =
𝑁 10

𝑥̅ = 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟒. 𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒔 (in cr)

 Median

𝑁 𝑁
+ ( + 1)
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = ( 2 2 )
2

1664.21 + 1775.86
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = ( )
2

Median= 1720.04 𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒔 (in cr)

 Mode

We shall use the empirical formula to compute mode

Mode (Z) = 3Median – 2Mean
= 3(1720.04) – 2(1904.373)

Z = 1319.37
Proctors and gamble

 Mean

∑𝑥 4738.37
Mean 𝑥̅ = =
𝑁 10

𝑥̅ = 𝟒𝟕𝟑. 𝟖𝟑𝟕 𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒔 (in cr)

 Median

𝑁 𝑁
+ ( + 1)
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = ( 2 2 )
2

500.81 + 581.77
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = ( )
2

Median= 541.29

 Mode

Mode (Z) = 3Median – 2Mean

= 3(541.29) – 2(473.837)

Z = 676.196
Britannia Industry

 Mean

Year Profit and Loss before Tax

2010-11 198.06
2011-12 252.37
2012-13 332.18
2013-14 562.62
2014-15 740.55
2015-16 1,141.89
2016-17 1,251.16
2017-18 1,445.20
2018-19 1,716.11
2019-20 1,889.26
∑x= 9529.4

∑𝑥 9529.4
Mean 𝑥̅ = =
𝑁 10

𝑥̅ = 𝟗𝟓𝟐. 𝟗𝟒 𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒔 (in cr)

 Median

𝑁 𝑁
+ ( + 1)
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = ( 2 2 )
2
 740.55 + 1141.89
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = ( )
2

Median= 941.22

 Mode

 Mode (Z) = 3Median – 2Mean

 = 3(941.22) – 2(952.94)

 Z = 971.78

ITC Limited

 Mean

∑𝑥 138430.52
Mean 𝑥̅ = =
𝑁 10
 𝑥̅ = 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟒𝟑. 𝟎𝟓𝟐 𝒓𝒖𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒔 (in cr)

 Median

𝑁 𝑁
+ ( + 1)
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = ( 2 2 )
2

13997.52 + 14958.39
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = ( )
2

Median= 14,477.96

 Mode

Mode (Z) = 3Median – 2Mean

= 3(14477.96) – 2(13843.052)

Z =15,747.776
 INTERPRETATION
Table 5: Comparative values of measures of central tendencies
Company Measures of Central Tendency
Mean Median Mode
NESTLE INDIA 1904.373 1720.04 1,319.37
Proctor & Gamble 473.873 541.29 676.196
Britannia Industry 952.94 941.22 971.78
ITC Limited 13,843.052 14,477.97 15,747.776

We shall make our first inference based on mean values. As seen in the data above
derived from the four companies, ITC limited has the highest mean thus indicating
that it has the highest average profit as compared to the others and that too by a
large margin. This could be due to the fact that ITC limited has been functioning in
the Indian industry much longer than the other companies. The Second highest is
Nestle India which earn 1,904.373 profit on an average.
The lowest, however, is Proctor and Gamble with a mean of 473.873. This could
be because it is a foreign company in the tough Indian manufacturing industry

Based on Median, we can say that the company with lowest median is Proctor and
Gamble with a median of 541.29 and the highest is ITC Limited 14,477.97. The
median shows us a much more stable average and is hence easier to compare.

While comparing the medians to their respective means we can observe that there
is not a major change in values in any of the companies , thus indicating that the
values for all the companies are more or
less evenly distributed from the lowest to
the highest values.

In the case of mode, ITC is the highest

while Proctor and gamble has the lowest.
In the case of proctors and gamble and ITC limited mode>median>mean thus
implying that the graph formed for these two will be negatively skewed.

However, in the case of Nestle India. mean>median>mode hence showing that the
graph formed will be positively skewed
 Conclusion
Through the project we can see that ITC is performing at a much better scale than the other
companies. In the graphical representation of profits, we can see that ITC has a stable slope
compared to Proctor and gamble which diminishes through the years. To increase accuracy on
these facts, we were able to apply measures of tendency and do a comparative analysis on the
companies’ mean, median and mode. Since Britannia is a newly found company compared to the
others, its profit is steadily rising. The performance of Proctor and Gamble is a little poor
compared to the other companies, this could be as mentioned before due to the Indian
manufacturing market. This project was truly able to let us learn the true applications of the
measures of central tendency, classification and tabulation of data.
 Reference

https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/britanniaindustries/profit-
lossVI/BI/3#BI
https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/britanniaindustries/profit-
lossVI/BI/3#BI
https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/itc/profit-
lossVI/ITC/3#ITC
https://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/nestleindia/profit-
lossVI/NI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITC_Limited
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_Industries