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1PH0 2H que 20230617

Physics (Queen Mary's High School)

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Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1)

Friday 16 June 2023
Paper
Morning (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes)
reference 1PH0/2H
 
Physics
PAPER 2
Higher Tier

You must have: Total Marks

Calculator, ruler, Equation Booklet (enclosed)

Instructions
•• Fill
Use black ink or ball-point pen.
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
•• Calculators may be used.
Any diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• end
You must show all your working out with your answer clearly identified at the
of your solution.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 100.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• structure
In questions marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to
your answer logically, showing how the points that you make are related or
follow on from each other where appropriate.
• A list of equations is included at the end of this exam paper.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over

P72575A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
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Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an

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answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 (a) Figure 1 shows a prize that is made from a metal star on a plastic base.

metal star

plastic base

Figure 1

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A person starts to clean the prize by rubbing the plastic base with a dry cloth.
The plastic base becomes positively charged and the cloth becomes
negatively charged.

(i) The plastic base has

(1)
A gained electrons

B gained protons

C lost electrons

D lost protons

(ii) Explain why the cloth has become negatively charged.

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(2)

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(b) The person then holds the metal star and rubs it with the charged cloth.
The cloth loses its charge.
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Explain why the cloth loses its charge.

(2)

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(c) The charged plastic base attracts some dust from the air.
Figure 2 shows a magnified view of part of the surface of the plastic base and a
dust particle.

dust particle
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part of the
plastic base

+
+
+
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Figure 2

Some of the charges on the plastic base are shown but the charges induced on
the dust particle are not shown.
Draw the charges induced on the dust particle in Figure 2.
(2)
(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

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2 (a) Figure 3 shows some of the apparatus that students use to determine the
resistance of a piece of iron wire.

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connector iron wire connector

variable resistor battery

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Figure 3

Add connecting wires, a voltmeter and an ammeter to complete the circuit

in Figure 3 so that the students can determine the resistance of the piece of
iron wire.
(2)

(b) The students extend the investigation to determine how the resistance of the
iron wire changes with its length.

(i) Give the name of one additional piece of apparatus the students would need.
(1)

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(ii) Figure 4 shows a graph of the results.

4.00
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3.50

3.00

2.50
resistance
in Ω 2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
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length in cm

Figure 4

Draw a straight line of best fit on Figure 4.

(1)

(iii) Use Figure 4 to estimate the resistance of a 100 cm length of the iron wire.
(1)

resistance = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . Ω

(iv) The variable resistor shown in Figure 3 is used to prevent the iron wire from
becoming too hot.
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Explain how the variable resistor is used to prevent the iron wire from
becoming too hot.
(2)

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(c) The potential difference (voltage) across another piece of wire is 1.56 V.

The current in the wire is 0.45 A.

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Calculate the resistance of this piece of wire.

Use the equation

V = I×R
(2)

resistance = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . Ω
(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)

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3 (a) Which of these means changing state from solid directly to gas?
(1)
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A condensing

B freezing

C melting

D sublimating

(b) An object has a mass of 7.22 × 10–2 kg and a volume of 2.69 × 10–5 m3.
Calculate the density, ρ, of the object.
Use the equation

m
ρ=
V
(3)
State the unit.
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density = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

(c) Aluminium has a melting point of 660 °C.

The absolute zero of temperature is –273 °C.
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(i) Calculate the melting point of aluminium in kelvin.

(1)

melting point of aluminium = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . K

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(ii) Describe the motion of particles in liquid aluminium (above 660 °C).
(2)

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(d) A student determines the volume of a piece of metal by measuring the volume of
water that it displaces.
The student wrote the following in his notebook.

I put some water into a measuring cylinder.

I put the piece of metal into the water in the measuring cylinder.
I took the reading of the new water level in the measuring cylinder.
This was the volume of the piece of metal.

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The student’s description is incomplete.
Suggest two sentences that the student could have included to provide a more
complete description of the correct procedure.
(2)

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.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

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BLANK PAGE
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4 This question is about pressure.

(a) Figure 5 shows windows in an aeroplane.

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Figure 5

The aeroplane is high above the Earth’s surface.

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The atmospheric pressure outside the aeroplane is 23 000 Pa.
The air pressure inside the aeroplane is 80 000 Pa.
(i) Calculate the pressure difference between inside and outside of
the aeroplane.
(1)

pressure difference = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . Pa

(ii) The surface area of the window is 0.094 m2.

Calculate the size of the force on the window due to the cabin air pressure of
80 000 Pa.
Use the equation
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F
P=
A
(2)

force = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . N

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(iii) On the same aeroplane, a different window has a smaller surface area.
Explain how the force due to the air pressure inside the cabin on the small
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window differs from the force on the larger window.

(2)

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(iv) Figure 6 shows a cross-section through the aeroplane including one window.

inside of aeroplane outside of aeroplane

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window
X

Figure 6

Draw an arrow on Figure 6 to show the direction of the resultant force due to
the air pressure inside the cabin on the window at point X.
(2)
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(b) Figure 7 shows the atmospheric pressure at different heights above the
Earth’s surface.

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120

100

80
atmospheric 60
pressure in kPa
40

20

0
0 5000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000
height above the Earth’s surface in m

Figure 7

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(i) Describe how the atmospheric pressure changes with height above the
Earth’s surface.
Use data from Figure 7 to support your answer.
(3)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Suggest one reason why the atmospheric pressure changes with height
above the Earth’s surface.
(1)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

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5 (a) Figure 8 shows two magnets with their N poles facing each other.
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S N N S

Figure 8

On Figure 8, draw the shape and direction of the magnetic field between the
two magnets.
(2)

(b) Figure 9 shows a toy that has a plastic cylinder, a plastic base and two similar
magnets. Each of the two magnets is in the shape of a ring.

plastic cylinder
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upper magnet
S
N
lower magnet

plastic base N
S

Figure 9

The upper magnet seems to float in the air above the lower magnet.
Describe the forces acting on the upper magnet.
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Use the idea of magnetic fields in your answer.

(3)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13
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(c) Figure 10 shows a current-carrying wire between the poles of a magnet.

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N S

current-carrying wire

Figure 10

(i) The magnet and the wire each experience a force when there is a current in
the wire.
(2)

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1 State the direction of the force on the wire.

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 State the direction of the force on the magnet.

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The force on the wire is 0.15 N.

The current in the wire is 2.7 A.
The magnet produces a field with a magnetic flux density of 0.50 T.
Calculate the length of the wire in the magnetic field.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations given at the end of the
question paper.
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(2)

length of the wire in the magnetic field = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . m

(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)

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BLANK PAGE
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15
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6 (a) Figure 11 shows a person doing a push-up exercise.

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Figure 11

An upward force is used to cause rotation about a pivot.

Which row of the table is correct for this rotation?
(1)

provide the upward force act as a pivot

A arms hands
B arms feet
C legs hands

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D legs feet

(b) Figure 12 shows some of the bones and muscles in an arm.

The arrows show the forces on the forearm when the arm is bent.
The hand is empty.

biceps muscle
force from muscle

elbow joint
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weight of forearm

Figure 12

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The biceps muscle provides a force to balance the weight of the forearm.
The weight of the forearm can be represented as a single force.
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Figure 13 shows a diagram representing the forces and distances involved.

not to scale
4 cm force from muscle = 92 N
elbow joint

16 cm weight of forearm = 23 N

Figure 13

(i) Use the principle of moments to show that the system shown in Figure 13 is
in equilibrium.
(2)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) The person then holds a ball weighing 15 N in their hand.

Figure 14 shows the forces on the forearm and their distances from the
elbow joint.

not to scale
force from muscle
4 cm
ball
weight of
elbow 16 cm forearm = 23 N weight of ball = 15 N
joint
32cm
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Figure 14

Calculate the force from the muscle that is needed to keep the system in
Figure 14 in equilibrium.
(3)

force = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . N

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(c) Figure 15 shows a ball floating in seawater and the same ball floating in
fresh water.

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seawater fresh water
Figure 15

(i) Compare the upthrust on the ball in seawater with the upthrust on the same
ball in fresh water.
(1)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain why there is less of the ball below the surface of the seawater than
below the surface of the fresh water.
(3)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 6 = 10 marks)

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7 (a) Figure 16 shows part of the inside of a pen.

The pen contains a spring that can be compressed.
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pen tip inside body

tip spring body of pen

pen tip outside body and ready to use

6.2 mm

Figure 16

The spring constant of the spring is 260 N/m.

(i) Calculate the force needed to compress the spring by the amount shown
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in Figure 16.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
(3)

force = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . N
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(ii) A student removes the spring from the pen and investigates the compression
of the spring.

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Figure 17 shows the equipment and the procedure that the student uses.

ruler fixed in place above the electronic balance

finger
4

4
3

3
spring
2

2
spring
1

1
N N

electronic balance

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Figure 17

The student presses down on the spring to change its length.

The electronic balance measures the force applied to the spring.
Describe how the student can determine the change in length of the spring.
You may add to Figure 17 to help your answer.
(3)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) The student finds it difficult to make an accurate measurement of the change
in length of the spring using the equipment as shown.
Describe one way that the student could improve the procedure.
(2)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(b) Figure 18 shows a different spring hanging from a hook fixed to the ceiling.
A block hangs from the other end of the spring.
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ceiling hook

spring

block

Figure 18
The weight of the spring is 1 N.
The weight of the block is 5 N.
The force exerted on the top of the spring by the hook is
(1)
A 4 N down
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B 4 N up

C 6 N down

D 6 N up

(c) Figure 19 shows two forces, P and Q, acting at point X.

X Q = 40 N
diagram is
drawn to scale

P = 30 N
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Figure 19

Complete the diagram in Figure 19 to show the size and direction of the resultant
force, R, on point X.
(2)
(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks)

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8 (a) An electric car is travelling at a speed of 16.0 m/s.

The total mass of the car is 1200 kg.

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(i) Calculate the kinetic energy, in kJ, of the car.
(2)

kinetic energy = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . kJ

(ii) On a journey, the car transfers energy from the battery at an average rate
of 17.5 kW.
The battery in the car transfers a total of 126 MJ of energy before it
becomes discharged.

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Calculate the time taken for the battery to become discharged on this journey.
Give your answer in hours.
(2)

time taken = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . hours

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(iii) Figure 20 shows an electrical device connected to the wheels of an

electric car.
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wires to battery
wheel

electrical device

Figure 20

The electrical device is used as a motor when the car accelerates and as a
dynamo when the car decelerates.
Explain how using the device can help to increase the time that the car can be
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driven before the battery becomes discharged.

(2)

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.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) The battery can be recharged at a charging point.

The charging point provides an average current of 15.0 A to the battery, at a

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potential difference (voltage) of 400 V.
It is claimed that 126 MJ of energy can be transferred to the battery in less
than 6 hours.
(i) Comment on this claim.
Use this equation to support your answer

E
t=
I× V
(3)

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.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Calculate the total charge that moves into the battery while it is
being recharged.
Use the equation

E = Q×V
(2)

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charge = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . C
(Total for Question 8 = 11 marks)

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9 (a) Figure 21 shows a pulley system that enables a person to lift a heavy barrel.

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rope

pulley
wheels

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barrel

Figure 21

The person pulls down on the rope to make the barrel rise through 1.2 m.
The work done against gravity on the barrel is 1800 J.

(i) Calculate the weight of the barrel.

Use the equation

work done = force × distance moved in the direction of the force

(2)
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weight of the barrel = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . N

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(ii) The efficiency of the system is 64%.

Calculate the total work done by the person.
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Use the equation

(work done against gravity on the barrel)

efficiency = ×100%
(total work done by the person)
(2)

work done = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . J

(iii) Some energy is wasted due to friction.

Suggest another reason why some energy is wasted in using this
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pulley system.
(1)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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*(b) A student has the equipment shown in Figure 22.

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pulley system hanging
from a bench

spring balance cubes of metal metre rule

Figure 22

Devise an experiment to investigate how the efficiency of the pulley system varies

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with the weight of metal being lifted.
Your answer should include how you will use your measurements.
(6)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 9 = 11 marks)

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10 (a) Figure 23 shows a model dynamo.

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dynamo
handle

wires connected
to a voltmeter

Figure 23

The dynamo contains a coil of wire that can spin inside a permanent magnet.
The dynamo produces a D.C. output.

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A teacher connects a voltmeter to the terminals of the dynamo.
The teacher rotates the handle to make the coil spin inside the magnet.
Figure 24(a) shows the reading on the voltmeter.

0
0.5 0.5
1.0 1.0
1.5 V 1.5
– +

Figure 24(a)

The teacher then rotates the handle differently.

Figure 24(b) shows the new reading on the voltmeter.
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0
0.5 0.5
1.0 1.0
1.5 V 1.5
– +

Figure 24(b)

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(i) Which row of the table shows how the rotation of the handle has changed
between (a) and (b)?
(1)
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speed of rotation direction of rotation

A (a) faster than (b) (a) opposite to (b)

B (a) faster than (b) (a) same as (b)

C (a) slower than (b) (a) opposite to (b)

D (a) slower than (b) (a) same as (b)

(ii) The teacher connects the dynamo to a lamp.

It is now more difficult for the teacher to rotate the handle.
Explain why it is more difficult to turn the dynamo when it is connected to
a lamp.
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(2)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) Figure 25 shows a transformer.

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soft iron core

Vp

Np Ns

Figure 25

The number of turns on the primary coil, Np = 800

The potential difference across the primary coil, Vp = 230 V
The number of turns on the secondary coil, Ns = 18

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Calculate the potential difference across the secondary coil.
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of the paper.
(3)

potential difference across the secondary coil = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . V DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

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*(c) Figure 26 shows a picture of an electrical device and a simplified drawing of the
important parts.
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magnet

N
coil of wire
S

movable cone
connecting wires

Figure 26

The device can be used as a loudspeaker or it can be used as a microphone.

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Compare how the device operates when used as a loudspeaker with how the
device operates when used as a microphone.
(6)

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. .... .... .... ..................................... ........................ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 10 = 12 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 100 MARKS

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Equations

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(final velocity)2 – (initial velocity)2 = 2 × acceleration × distance

v2 – u2 = 2 × a × x
force = change in momentum ÷ time
( mv  mu )
F
t

energy transferred = current × potential difference × time

E = I×V×t
force on a conductor at right angles to a magnetic field carrying a current = magnetic flux
density × current × length

F = B×I×l

potential difference across primary coil number of turns in primary coil

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=
potential differencce across secondary coil number of turns in secondary coil
Vp Np
=
Vs Ns

potential difference across primary coil × current in primary coil = potential difference across
secondary coil × current in secondary coil

Vp × Ip = Vs × Is

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × Δθ

thermal energy for a change of state = mass × specific latent heat

Q = m×L
to calculate pressure or volume for gases of fixed mass at constant temperature
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P1 V1 = P2 V2

energy transferred in stretching = 0.5 × spring constant × (extension)2

E = ½ × k × x2

pressure due to a column of liquid = height of column × density of liquid × gravitational field
strength

P = h×ρ×g

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