THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN

I. Cách dùng:

1. Chỉ những hành động lặp đi lặp lại:

+ I walk to school every day

2. Sự thật hiển nhiên

+ The Earth moves around the sun (trái đất di chuyển quanh mặt trời)

3. Quan điểm của người nói (có thể đúng hoặc sai ko sao cả)
+ A cat has two legs (một con mèo có hai chân)

Dấu hiệu:
1. Always = luôn luôn, usually = often = frequently = thường xuyên, sometimes,
seldom = rarely = hiếm khi
VD: I always drink lots of water.

2. Every day = daily = hàng ngày, weekly = hàng tuần, monthly = hàng tháng, yearly
= hàng năm
VD: I watch TV every day

3. Sự kiện đã lên lịch sẵn:

VD: The bus leaves at 9 am tomorrow (xe buýt rời bến vào 9h sáng mai)

CÔNG THỨC

VỚI TOBE
Note
- is not=isn’t, are not=aren’t, I
am=I’m.
- he/she/it + is
- you/we/they + are
- I am

Ví dụ 1:
1) The old man (be) is wise.

2) The sun (be) is hot.

3) The children (be) are eating bananas. They (be, not) are not eating apples.
child -> children

4) I (be) ___ student? => Am I student?

Công thức với tobe:

- I am Phuong
Khẳng định (+) S + be (is/am/are) + Noun/adj
- They are my friends

- She is beautiful

- I’m not tall

Phủ định (-) S + be (is/am/are) + not +
- We aren’t your parents
N/adj

- He isn’t handsome

Be (is/am/are) + S + N/adj - Is she your mother?

 Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, S + is/am/are => Yes, she is
=> No, S + is/am/are not => No, she is not

VD 2:
(+) She is my student
=> (-) She isn’t my student
=> (?) Is she my student?

VỚI ĐỘNG TỪ:

a. Cách thêm s/es:

- Phần lớn ĐT thường được thêm “s” ngoại trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt sau :

+ Những từ kết thúc bằng s, sh, ch, x, o => thêm “es”

Ex: washes; misses; reaches; goes; …

+ Những từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm + “y” => biến “y” thành “i” rồi thêm “es”

Ex: hurry => hurries; study => studies; …

+ Tuy nhiên, những từ kết thúc bằng nguyên âm + “y” => thêm “s” như bình
thường.
Ex: plays; stays; …

+ Những động từ kết thúc bằng “f” hay “fe” => biến “f” thành “v” rồi thêm “es”

Ex: loaf => loaves; leaf => leaves; …

(ngoại trừ: roof => roofs)

Note
- Nguyên âm: u,e,o,a,i (uể oải)
- Phụ âm: những chữ cái còn lại (b,c,d,…)

VD3:
1. want => wants
2. baby => babies
3. do => does
4. box => boxes
5. bus => buses
6. copy => copies
7. house => houses
8. go => goes
9. watch => watches
10. study =>studies
11. worry => worries
12. cat => cats
13. have => has
14. play => plays

b. Công thức với động từ

- I work at a hospital
Khẳng định S + V (s,es)
- He walks every day
(+)

- I do not work at a hospital

Phủ định (-) S + do/does + not + V (nguyên thể)
- He does not walk every day
 Do/does + S + V (nguyên thể) - Do you work at a hospital?
Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, S + do/does => Yes, I do
=> No, S + do/does + not => No, I don’t

- Does he walk every day?

=> Yes, he does
=> No, he doesn’t

Tips:

he, she, it + chia

I, you, we, they + ko chia

Note:
- do not=don’t, does not=doesn’t
- he/she/it + does/V(s,es)
- you/we/they/I + do/V

VD4:
He plays football
=> (-) He doesn’t play football
=> (+) Does he play football?

VD5: Choose the correct verb

1. (Do/does) Mary and Marcus eat out everyday?

2. My dad is a driver. He always (wear/wears) a white coat.

3. I never (drink/drinks) beer.

4. She (do/does) not have a pen.

5. Police (catch/catches) robbers. (Police: những chú cảnh sát)

6. Mark usually (watch/watches) TV before going to bed. Trạng từ + ĐT

Ex: My brother (sleep) on the floor. (often) => My brother often sleeps on the
floor
Do you usually do your homework?

7. Books (teach/teaches) us many interesting things.

PHÁT ÂM ĐUÔI S, ES

* Chú ý: cách phát âm phụ âm cuối này phải dựa vào phiên âm quốc tế
(international transcription) chứ không dựa vào cách viết (spelling).

– /s/: âm cuối là: tình thương kòn pa fải

Ex: like /laɪk/ => likes cat /kæt/; => cats
laugh /lɑːf/ => laughs month /mʌnθ/ => months
cough /cʌf/ -> coughs

– /iz/: Khi từ có âm cuối là: chẳng sợ dó

Ex: miss /mɪs/ => misses buzz /bʌz/ => buzzes rise /raɪz/ =>
rises
wash /wæʃ/ => washes rouges /ruːʒ/ => rouges orange
/orɪndʒ/ - oranges

There’s a ‘saying
– /z/: còn lại
Ex: cab /kæb/ => cabs love /lʌv/ => loves give /ɡɪv/ =>
gives
cloth /kləʊð/ => clothes eye /aɪ/ => eyes

Rung co hong – z => Love

Ko rung – s => kite

 BÀI TẬP

Ex 1: Choose the correct verb

từ 2 trở lên sẽ là số nhiều

police: những chú cảnh sát = they

cats: những con mèo = they
dogs: những con chó = they
a dog: 1 con chó = it
a man: một ng đàn ô = he
a girl: she

1. Police (catch/catches) robbers.

2. My dad is a driver. He always (wear/wears) a white coat.

3. They never (drink/drinks) beer.

4. Lucy (go/goes) window-shopping seven times a month.

5. She (have/has) a pen.

6. Mary and Marcus (eat out/eats out) everyday. Mary and Marcus = 2 người =
they

7. Mark usually (watch/watches) TV before going to bed.

8. Maria is a teacher. (She teach/teaches) students.

Ex 2: Give the correct form of “tobe”

1) The old man (be) ___is_____ wise.

2) The sun (be) ____is____ hot.

3) The children (be) _____are___ eating bananas. They (be, not) _______arent_ eating
apples.
4) I (be) ___am_____ happy. I (be, not) ____I am not____ sad. I’m not

5) The bus (be) ____is____ fast. It (be, not) ___isn’t_____ slow.

the bus = a bus = 1 chiếc xe buýt = it

the = a: một

6) This (be) _____is____ a picture of my dog. he she it I you we they

Ex 3: Give the correct tense of verb (Chia dạng đúng của động từ)

1. I never ___go____ (go) to the beach because I ___am___ (be) scared of water.

2. He ____owns__ (own) a large house at the suburb.

3. They ________ (do/not) want to sleep early every day.

4. This train _______ (leave) at 5 p.m., so please hurry up.

5. Water _______ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius.

6. He ___studies_____ (study) English lesson this afternoon at this time.

7. (Not/be) _______ you interested in playing the piano?

8. Why (not/do) ________ she come home?

Ex 4: Viết lại câu, điền đúng dạng từ trong ngoặc

Note:
- Trạng từ + Động từ
- Trạng từ + Tính từ

Mẫu: Where she (go)? (often) => Where does she often go?
This movie is always interesting.

1. My brothers (sleep) on the floor. (often) =>____________

2. He (stay) up late? (sometimes) => ____________

3. I (do) the housework with my brother. (always) => ____________

4. Peter and Mary (come) to class on time. (never) => ____________

5. Why Johnson (get) good marks? (always) => ____________

6. She (be) stupid. (sometimes) =>

Ex 5: Điền từ vào chỗ trống (chia dạng đúng của động từ)

My cousin, Peter, (1. have)……has….. a dog. It (2. be)……….. an intelligent

pet with a short tail and big black eyes. Its name (3. be)……….. Kiki and it (4. like)
……….. eating pork. However, it (5. never/bite) ……….. anyone; sometimes it (6. bark)
……….. when strange guests visit. To be honest, it (7.be)……. very friendly. It
(8.not/like)……….. eating fruits, but it (9.often/ play)….……….. with them. When the
weather (10.become)……….. bad, it (11.just/ sleep)…………….. in his cage all day.
Peter (12.play)……plays….. with Kiki every day after school. There (13.be)………..
many people on the road, so Peter (14.not/ let)……….. the dog run into the road. He
(15.often/ take)……….. Kiki to a large field to enjoy the peace there. Kiki
(16.sometimes/ be)……….. naughty, but Peter loves it very much
 ĐÁP ÁN

Ex1: Ex2: Ex3:

1. Catches 1. Is 1. Goes/am
2. Wears 2. Is 2. Owns
3. Drinks 3. Are/are not 3. Do not
4. Goes 4. Am/am not 4. Leaves
5. Has 5. Is/ is not 5. Boils
6. Eat out 6. is 6. Studies
7. Watches 7. Aren’t you
8. Teaches 8. why doesn’t she come

Ex4:

1. My brothers often sleep on the floor.

2. Does he sometimes stay up late?

3. I always do the housework with my brother.

4. Peter and Mary never come to class on time.

5. Why does Johnson always get good marks?

Ex5: 9. Often plays

1. has 10. Becomes
2. Is 11, just sleeps
3. Is 12. Plays
4. Likes 13. Are
5. Never bites 14. Doesn’t let
6. barks 15. Often takes
16. Is sometimes
7. Is
8. Doesn’t like
 THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN

I. Cách dùng: diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào thời điểm hiện tại.
VD: I’m doing my homework (tôi đang làm bài tập về nhà)
Listen! She is singing (Nghe kìa! Cô ấy đang hát)

Dấu hiệu:
1. Now = at the moment = at present = right now = bây giờ
VD: I am doing my homework at the moment.

2. Look, listen, be quiet,..

VD: Be quiet! The baby is sleeping (Im lặng nào! Đứa bé đang ngủ)

Công thức

Khẳng định (+) S + is/am/are + V-ing - I am preparing for the exam

Phủ định (-) S + is/am/are + not + V-ing - He is not sleeping

Is/am/are + S + V-ing - Are you watching TV?

Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, S + is/am/are => Yes, I am
=> No, S + is/am/are not => No, I am not

VD1:
(+) I’m playing football with my friends
=> (-) I’m not playing football with my friends
=> (>) Are you playing with your friends
CÁCH THÊM ING
- Nếu động từ kết thúc bằng chỉ một “e” => bỏ e và thêm “ing”
Ex: agree => agreeing (2 âm e nên chỉ thêm ing) ; leave => leaving

- Nếu động từ 1 âm tiết có tận cùng 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm => nhân đôi phụ
âm cuối rồi thêm “ing”
Ex: run => running; stop => stopping; …
- Trong trường hợp động từ có từ 2 âm tiết trở lên, ta chỉ nhân đôi phụ âm khi
trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cuối cùng.
Ex: per’mit => per’mitting; pre’fer => pre’ferred

- Nhưng lại không nhân đôi phụ âm khi trọng âm không rơi vào âm tiết cuối.

Ex: ‘open => opening; ‘enter => entering.

- Nếu kết thúc “ie”, bỏ “ie” và thêm “ying”
Ex: Lie  lying
- Các trường hợp còn lại cứ thoải mái mà thêm ING.
Ex: learn => learning;

Bài 1: Chia HTTD

0. I am not drinking (not drink) wine; it’s only coffee.
1. My grandfather __________________ (buy) some fruits at the supermarket at
present
2. Hannah __________________ (not study) French in the library. She’s at home with
her classmates.
3. __________________ (she, run) in the park?
4. My dog __________________ (eat) now.
5. What __________________ (you, wait) for?

Bài 2: Chia HTTD

 1. Look! The car ________ (go) so fast.
2. Listen! Someone ________ (cry) in the next room.
3. Your brother ________ (sit) next to the beautiful girl over there at present?
4. Now they ________ (try) to pass the examination.
5. It’s 12 o’clock, and my parents ________ (cook) lunch in the kitchen.
6. Keep silent! You ________ (talk) so loudly.
7. I ________ (not stay) at home at the moment.
8. Now she ________ (lie) to her mother about her bad marks.
9. At present they ________ (travel) to New York.
10. He ________ (not work) in his office now.

Bài 3: Viết lại câu sau theo dạng phủ định và nghi vấn
1. (+) your best friend is eating a 1. (+) I am writing this Program with
candy you
=> (-) your best friend isn’t eating a .. => (-) I am not writing this program with
you
=> (?) is yr best friend eating….
=> (?) Am I writing this program with you?
Are you writing this …….
Write => writing
2. (+) your Mom and Dad are singing
a song at the moment
=> (-) your mom and dad are not sing
=> (?) are your mom and dad singing at 2. (+) you are wearing your
the moment grandfather’s shoes today?
=> (-) _________________________
=> (?) _________________________

Note:
I am playing badminton
=> are you playing badminton?
ĐÁP ÁN
Bài 1 Bài 2
1. is buying 1. is going
2. isn’t studying 2. is crying
3. is she running…? 3. Is your brother sitting
4. is eating 4. are trying
5. are you waiting.. 5. are cooking
6. are talking
7. am not staying
8. is lying
9. are travelling
10. isn’t working

Bài 3

1. (-) Your best friend isn’t (is not) eating 3. (-) I am not writing this program with
a candy. you

(+) Is your best friend eating a candy? (?) Am I writing this Program with you?

2. (-) your mom and dad aren’t (are not) 4. (-) you aren’t (are not) wearing my
singing a song at the moment. grandfather’s shoes today.

(?) Are your Mom and Dad singing a (+) Are you wearing your grandfather’s
song at the moment shoes today?
 THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

I. Cách dùng: dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ
VD: I did my homework yesterday

Dấu hiệu: Yesterday, in the past, ago (trước đó), last night/ last week/ last
month/year.
VD: I studied at the kindergarten 10 years ago (Tôi đã học mẫu giáo vào 10 năm
trước)

Công thức

a, Công thức đối với tobe

Khẳng định (+) S + was/were N/adj - They were my best friends

Phủ định (-) S + was/were + not + N/adj - He was not handsome

Was/were + S + N/adj - Was she your teacher?

Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, S + was/were => Yes, she was
=> No, S + was/were not => No, she was not

Lưu ý:
- was not=wasn’t, were not=weren’t,
- he/she/it/I + was
- you/we/they + were

VD1:
I was a student at Thanh Xuan High School
=> (-) I wasn’t a student at..
=> (?) was I a student at..
Where they ___ (be)?
CÁCH THÊM ED
- Nếu động từ kết thúc bằng “e” => thêm “d” bình thường
Ex: agree => agreed; leave => leaved
- Nếu động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm + y ta đổi “y” thành “i “rồi thêm -ed.
Ex: study – studied; apply – applied; …

- Nếu động từ 1 âm tiết có tận cùng 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm => nhân đôi phụ
âm cuối rồi thêm “ed”
Ex: run => runned; stop => stopped; …
- Trong trường hợp động từ có từ 2 âm tiết trở lên, ta chỉ nhân đôi phụ âm khi
trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cuối cùng.
Ex: per’mit => per’mitted; pre’fer => pre’ferred

- Nhưng lại không nhân đôi phụ âm khi trọng âm không rơi vào âm tiết cuối.

Ex: ‘open => opened; ‘enter => entered.

- Các trường hợp còn lại cứ thoải mái mà thêm ING.
Ex: learn => learned;

VD2:
1. Worry => ______
2. ‘Water => ______
3. Carry => ______
4. Leave => ______
5. ‘Visit => ______
6. Stop => ______
7. De’cide => ______
8. Agree => ______
9. Perform => ______
10. Be’gin => ______
11. Lie => ______
 12. Play => ______

a, Công thức với động từ

Khẳng định (+) S + V (ed) - I worked at a hospital

Phủ định (-) S + did + not + V (nguyên thể)

- He did not walk every day
Did + S + V (nguyên thể) - Did you work at a hospital?
Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, S + did => Yes, I did
=> No, S + did + not => No, I didn’t

VD3:
1) He learned with his students yesterday 2) What you ____ (play)?
=> (-) He didn’t learn with his students… => What did you play ?
=> ___________________
=> (?) _________________________
BẢNG ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC

V nguyên V quá khứ PII V nguyên V quá khứ PII

thể thể
go went gone take took taken
see saw seen write wrote written
know knew known make made made
come came come sit sat sat
become became become drive drove driven
do did done break broke broken
eat ate eaten speak spoke spoken
get got gotten forget forgot forgotten
give gave given understand understood understood
teach taught taught hear heard heard
buy bought bought leave left left
think thought thought sleep slept slept
say said said feel felt felt
run ran run fall fell fallen
have had had flow flowed flowed
read read read fly flew flown
drink drank drunk bring brought brought

VD4:

1. I (read) _____ three books last week

2. They (speak) _______ French to the waitress.
3. He (understand) _______ during the class, but now he doesn't understand.
4. He (forget) ______ to buy some milk.
5. I (give) ______ my mother a CD for Christmas.

CÁCH PHÁT ÂM ED

– /t/: âm cuối là: cho pa sông kà fê

Ex: help /help/ => helped watch /wɑːtʃ/ => watched
cook /cʊk/ => cooked laugh /lɑ:f/ => laughed
pass /pæs/ => passed

– /id/: âm cuối à: tiền đô

Ex: decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ => decided admit /ədˈmɪt/ => admited

– /d/: còn lại

Ex: love /lʌv/ => loved enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ => enjoyed
climb /klaɪm/ => climbed
VD4:
1. A. arrived B. believed C. received D. hoped
2. A. opened B. knocked C. played D. occurred
3 A. rubbed B. tugged C. watched D. filled
4 A. dimmed B. travelled C. passed D. stirred
5 A. packed B. added C. worked D. pronounced
6 A. agreed B. succeeded C. smiled D. loved
7 A. laughed B. washed C. helped D. weighed
 BÀI TẬP

Ex1: Chia ed

1. Walk => _______

2. re’fer => _______
3. starte => _______
4. step => _______
5. kill => _______
6. hurry => _______
7. ‘wonder => _______
8. study => _______
9. e’quip => _______
10. end => _______

Ex2: Chia QKĐ

1. I (eat)___________ dinner at six o’clock yesterday.
2. - A: ___________ Helen (drive)___________ to work?
- B: Yes, she ___________.
3. My neighbor (buy)___________ a new car last week.
4. They (go)___________ to Italy on their last summer holiday.
5. - A: ___________ they (swim)___________ at the beach?
- B: No, they __________.
6. My family and I (see)___________ a comedy movie last night.
7. First, we (do)___________ exercise, and then we (drink)___________ some
water.
8. What time (do)___________ you (get up)___________ this morning?
9. The Wright brothers (fly)___________ the first airplane in 1903.
10. I think I (hear)___________ a strange sound outside the door one minute ago.
 11. When I was ten years old, I (break)___________ my arm. It really (hurt)
__________.
12. The police (catch)___________ all three of the bank robbers last week.
13. How many times (do)___________ you (read)___________ that book?
14. Unfortunately, I (forget)___________ to (bring)___________ my money. (to + V
nguyên thể)

Ex3: Chọn từ có cách phát âm khác so với các từ còn lại

1. A. walked B. ended C. started D. wanted

2. A. killed B. hurried C. regretted D. planned

3. A. visited B. showed C. wondered D. studied

4. A. sacrificed B. finished C. fixed D. seized

5. A. needed B. booked C. stopped D. washed

6. A. loved B. teased C. washed D. rained

7. A. packed B. punched C. pleased D. pushed

8. A. filled B. naked C. suited D. wicked

9. A. caused B. increased C. practised D. promised

10. A. washed B. parted C. passed D. barked

ĐÁP ÁN

Ex1: Ex2: Ex3

1. walked 1–A
1. ate
2. referred 2. did Helen drive/did 2–C
3. bought
3. started 3–A
4. went
4. stepped
5. did they swim/didn’t 4–D
5. killed
6. hurried 6. saw 5–A
7. wondered
7. did/drank 6–C
8. studied
8. What time did you get up
7–C
9. equipped
9. flew
10. ended 8–A
10. heard
9–A
11. broke/hurted
10 – B
12. catched
13. how many times did you
read
14. forgot/bring
 THÌ TƯƠNG LAI

Cách dùng:
Khi có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai:
- tomorrow (ngày mai),
- next day/ week/ month/ year (ngày/ tuần/ tháng/ năm tới),
- in the future (trong tương lai),
- in … minutes/ hours (trong .. bao nhiêu phút/ giờ nữa).
VD: I will finish my homework in 1 minute

I, Thì tương lai đơn (will)

a, Công thức đối với tobe

Khẳng định S + will + be + N/adj - She will be a doctor in the future

(+)

Phủ định (-) S + will + not + be + N/adj - She won’t be a doctor in the future.

Will + you + be + N/adj - Will she be a doctor in the future?

Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, S + will => Yes, she will
=> No, S + will + not => No, she won’t

Note
- S will = S’ll. VD: They will = they’ll
- Will not = won’t

VD1:
1. They’ll be teachers in the future. 2. Where they ___ (be) in the future?
=> (-) They’ll not be teachers… => Where will they be in the future
=> (?) Will they be teachers….
a, Công thức đối với động từ
 Khẳng định (+) S + will + V - He will come to the party

Phủ định (-) S + will + not + V - He won’t come to the party

Will + S + V - Will he come to the party?

Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, she will
=> Yes, S + will
=> No, she won’t
=> No, S + will + not

VD2:
1) They will tell him the truth 2) How long you ____ (work) there?

=> (-) They won’t tell him … => How long will you work

=> (?) Will they tell him …

II, Thì tương lai gần (Be going to)

a, Công thức đối với tobe

Khẳng định S + be + going to be + N/adj - She is going to be a doctor in the

(+) future

Phủ định (-) S + be + not + going to be + - She isn’t going to be a doctor in the
N/adj future.
Be + S + going to be + N/adj - Is she going to be a doctor in the
Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, S + is future?
=> No, S + is + not => Yes, she is
 => No, she isn’t

VD3:
1) They are going to be teachers 2) What you ____ (be)?

=> (-) They aren’t going … => What are you going to be?

=> (?) Are they going to be ..

a, Công thức đối với động từ

Khẳng định S + be + going to + V - She is going to come to the party

(+)

Phủ định (-) S + be + not + going to + V - She isn’t going to come to the party.

Be + S + going to + V - Is she going to come to the party?

Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, S + is => Yes, she is
=> No, S + is + not => No, she isn’t

VD4:
1) They are going to tell him the truth 2) What time the party _____ (start)?
=> (-) They aren’t going to tell him … => What time is the party going to start
=> (?) Are they going to tell …

WILL BE GOING TO
1. Dự đoán chung chung không có căn cứ. 1. Dựa vào dấu hiệu nhận biết để dự đoán
một điều trong tương lai.
+ One day, people will live in Mars.
(Một ngày nào đó, con người sẽ lên sinh sống + Look at those black clouds. It’s
tại sao Hỏa). going to rain soon. (Nhìn những đám mây
đen kìa. Trời sẽ mưa sớm thôi).
+ I think he will be the winner.

2. Thể hiện một quyết định ngay tại thời điểm

nói
+ I’m too tired to walk to school. I think
I will take a taxi.
+ I feel sick now so I think I will get
some sleep

A: I'm sleepy. I need to get up!

B: I will give you coffee

BÀI TẬP

Ex2: Chia will

1. They (do) ……………… it for you tomorrow.
2. My father (call) ……………… you in 5 minutes?
3. The whole nation ……….. (be) proud of you.
4. We believe that she (recover) ………………from her illness soon.
5. I promise I (return) ……………… school on time.
6. If it is sunny, he (not stay) ……………… at home.
7. That ………. (be) our gift to school.
8. Where you (choose) …………… to sunbathe?

Ex3: Chia going to

1. "I am __________ (not play) soccer this afternoon."
2. "What ______ you_____________ (do)?"
3. Look at those clouds. It __________________________ (rain)
4. I love teaching so I ______________________(be, not) a teacher in the future.
5. We ___________________ (visit) our grand parents this evening.
6. (he/ eat out)__________ tonight?
ĐÁP ÁN

Ex2: Ex3:

1. will do 1. not going to play

2. will my father call you … 2. are you going to do
3. will be 3. is going to rain
4. will recover 4. am not going to be
5. will return 5. are going to visit
6. Will not stay 6. Is he going to eat out ….
7. will be
8. where will you choose.
 THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
I. Cách dùng:
1. Mô tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn còn kéo dài đến hiện tại.
+ They have been friends for 20 years.
+ I have lived in my house for 13 years.
2. Diễn tả một sự việc, một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng KẾT QUẢ
LIÊN QUAN TỚI HIỆN TẠI
+ Alex’s dog has died so he is sad at the moment
+ I have lost my key so I can’t come into my house

3. Diễn tả một sự việc, một hành động VỪA MỚI XẢY RA (dùng “just”)
+ I have just bought a nice car.
4. Dùng để nói ai đã làm gì đó được MẤY LẦN tính tới thời điểm hiện tại
+ Have you ever seen a accident? (Bạn đã từng thấy một vụ tai nạn chưa?)
+ How many times have you read Harry Potter? (Bạn đọc cuốn Harry Potter mấy
lần rồi?)

Dấu hiệu:
1. just (vừa mới), ever (từng), never, already (rồi), yet (chưa), so far = recently
(gần đây), lately (mới đây), up to now = until now (cho đến nay)…
VD: I have already done my homework (Tôi đã làm xong bài tập rồi)

2. Since + mốc thời gian (kể từ lúc.)

VD: She has prepared for dinner since 6 p.m. (Cô ấy đã chuẩn bị cho bữa
tối kể từ lúc 6h)
3. For + thời gian
VD: They have been friends for 5 years. (Họ đã là bạn bè được 5 năm rồi)
 Công thức

a, Công thức đối với tobe

Khẳng định S + has/have + been + N/adj - They have been friends for 5
(+) years.

Phủ định (-) S + has/have + not + been + - We haven’t been friends for a long
N/adj time.

Have/has + S + been + N/adj - Have they been friends for a long

Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, S + has/have time?
=> No, S + has/have + not => Yes, they have
=> No, they haven’t

VD1:
She has been a student at FTU since 2016
=> (-) She hasn’t been a student ..
=> (?) Has she been a student

Where they ___ (be)?

=> Where have they been?

a, Công thức đối với động từ

Khẳng định (+) S + has/have + P2 - She has met him for a long time

Phủ định (-) S + has/have + not + P2 - She hasn’t met him for a long time.
 Have/has + S + P2 - Has she met him for a long time?
Nghi vấn (?) => Yes, she has
=> Yes, S + has/have
=> No, she hasn’t
=> No, S + has/have + not

VD2:
1) He has taught his students for a long 2) How long you ____ (work) there?
time
=> How long have you worked there?
=> (-) He hasn’t taught his friends..
=> (?) Has he taught his …

VD3:

1. She started to live in Hanoi 2 years ago. (for)

=> She has lived in Ha Noi for 2 years.
2. He began to study English when he was young. (since)
=> He has studied English since he was young (HTHT + since + QKĐ)
3. I have never eaten this food before. (This is)
-> This is the first time I have ever eaten this food.
4. The last time Tom came back to his hometown was 5 years ago.
=> Tom hasn’t come back to his hometown for 5 years
 BẢNG ĐỘNG TỪ BẤT QUY TẮC

V nguyên V quá khứ PII V nguyên V quá khứ PII

thể thể
go went gone take took taken
see saw seen write wrote written
know knew known make made made
come came come sit sat sat
become became become drive drove driven
do did done break broke broken
eat ate eaten speak spoke spoken
get got gotten forget forgot forgotten
give gave given understand understood understood
teach taught taught hear heard heard
buy bought bought leave left left
think thought thought sleep slept slept
say said said feel felt felt
run ran run fall fell fallen
have had had flow flowed flowed
read read read fly flew flown
drink drank drunk bring brought brought

VD4:

1. I (read) _____ three books last week

2. They (speak) _______ French to the waitress.
3. He (understand) _______ during the class, but now he doesn't understand.
4. He (forget) ______ to buy some milk.
5. I (give) ______ my mother a CD for Christmas.
6. The bird _______ (flow) over my house

Answers:
1. have read
2. Have spoken
3. Has understood
4. Has forgotten
5. Have given
6. Has flown
 BÀI TẬP
Ex1: Chia HTHT
1. He (be)…has been ……. at his computer for seven hours.
2. She (not/have) ……hasn’t had………any fun for a long time. Have/has had had
3. My father (not/ play)…hasn’t played …….. any sport since last year. Play played
played
4. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have)…haven’t had……. one since Thursday.
5. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)…haven’t seen………. each other for
five years.
6. I…… (realize, lately) have lately realized…………... that there are only four weeks to
the end of term.
Will lately go
7. She (finish) ............... reading two books this week.
8. How long …have….. (you/know)……known…. each other? Know knew known
9. …have…….(You/ take)…taken……… many photographs? Take took taken
10. Has He (eat)…eaten……………. at the King Power Hotel yet?
11. They (live) ………….here all their life. A Man: 1 ng dan ong  men: nhieu ng dan
ong
12. How many bottles…has……… the milkman (leave) left………….? He (leave)
……….. six.
13. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
14. She (write)………….. three books about her wild life.
15. We (finish) ……………………one English course.

Ex 2: Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1) The last time Tom came back to his hometown was 5 years ago.
=>.
2) He started working as a teacher 6 months ago.
=>.
3) It has been 3 years since we first went to Japan.
=> We have gone_to Japan for 3 years
4) I last cut my hair in June.
=> I haven’t ______________________________________________
5) The last time we met was 2 years ago.
=> We haven’t ______________________________________________

ĐÁP ÁN

Ex1: Ex2:

1. has been 1. Tom hasn’t come back to his

hometown for 5 years.
2. hasn’t had
3. hasn’t played
2. He has worked as a teacher for 6
4. haven’t had
months.
5. haven’t seen
6. have…realized
3. We haven’t gone to Japan for 3
7. has finished years.
8. have…known
9. Have you taken 4. I haven’t cut my hair since June.

10. Has he eaten

11. have lived 5. We haven’t met for 2 years.

12. has…left; has left

13. have bought
14. has written
15. have finished
Chia hiện tại hoàn thành

1. Bo _____ (drive) Rose to work today.

2. They _____ (work) all day and night.
3. We _____ (see) the new bridge.see saw seen
4. He has _had___ (have) breakfast this morning.
5. Ann and Don __have washed__ (wash) the car.
6. Kathy ____ (want) to go to Queensland for a long time.
7. Mel ____ (give) up smoking.
8. I ____ (forget) that man’s name.
9. They ____ (lose) their keys.
10. Jack ____ (be) to England.
11. They ____ (leave) London this month.
12. He ___has brought_ (bring) a lot of English papers.
13. She ____ (tell) me about it. Tell told told
14. I ____ (get) a long letter from father this week.
15. She __has__ (come), she will speak to you in a minute.
16. I ____ (be) to Radio City.
17. I think the director ____ (leave) the town.
18. I ___ (paint) my office.
19. We ____ (know) her since she arrived in our city.
20. I ____ (forget) your name.
21. The bill isn’t right. They (make)………….. a mistake.
22. Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).
23. I (turn)……….. the heating on. It’ll soon get warm in here.
24. ……..they (pay)…paid….. money for your mother yet? Pay paid paid
25. Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.
26. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.
27. ………you ever (eat)………….. Sushi?
28. She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.
29. I (work)………….. here for three years.
30. ………… you ever …………..(be) in New York?
31. You (not/do) ………….your project yet, I suppose.
32. I (just/ see)………. Andrew and he says he ……..already (do)………. about half
of the plan.
33. I ………..just (decide)……… to start working next week.
34. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.
35. She (not/ have) ……………any fun a long time.
36. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
37. I’d better have a shower. I (not/ have)………. one since Thursday.
38. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/ see)…………. each other for five
years.
39. I…… just (realize)…………… that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
40. The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o’clock.
41. How long…….. (you/ know)………. each other?
42. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?
43. (She/ eat)………………. at the Royal Hotel yet?
44. He (live) ………….here all his life..
45. Is this the second time he (lose)……………. his job?
46. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ………..
six.
47. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
48. She (write)………….. three poems about her fatherland.
49. We (finish) ……………………three English courses.
50. School (not, start)……………..yet.
1. has driven 26. have finished
2. have worked 27. Have … eaten
3. have seen 28. hasn’t come
4. has had 29. have worked
5. have washed 30. Have you ever been
6. has wanted 31. haven’t done
7. has given 32. have just seen – has already done
8. have forgotten 33. have just decided
9. have lost 34. has been
10. has been 35. hasn’t had
11. have left 36. hasn’t played
12. has bring 37. haven’t had
13. has told 38. haven’t seen
14. have got 39. have just realized
15. has come 40. have gone
16. have been 41. have .. known
17. has left 42. have .. taken
18. have painted 43. Has … eaten
19. have known 44. has lived
20. have forgot 45. has loosen
21. have made 46. has … left – has left
22. have made 47. have bought
23. have turned 48. has written
24. Have .. paid 49. have finished
25. has taken 50. hasn’t started

ĐÁP ÁN
 MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

1. WHO (Thế cho chủ ngữ là người)

+ The woman lives next door. The woman is a doctor.
The woman who is a doctor lives next door
+ That Canadian girl is his daughter. She is smiling at you.
=> That Canadian girl who is smiling at you is his daughter

Note: MĐQH phải ở ngay sau từ bị thế

VD1:
1. The man sent us a postcard from Japan. The man was so handsome.

2. The girl is my sister. The girl is wearing the pink dress.

=> The girl who is wearing the pink dress is my sister.

2. WHOM (Thế cho giới từ là người)

+ Tom is a smart person. I admire him very much
=> Tom whom I admire very much is a smart person.

+ All of my students are interested in English. I speak to them every day.

=> All of my students whom I speak to every day are interested in English

VD2:
1. The beautiful woman is a doctor. We saw her yesterday
=> The beautiful woman whom we saw yesterday is a doctor.
2. I was invited by the professor. I met him at the conference.
=> I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference
3. WHICH (Thế cho vật)
The machine is working again now. It broke down.
=> The machine which broke down is working again now

The dress is very beautiful. I bought it yesterday

=> The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful.

VD3:
1. This is the book. I like it best.
=> This is the book which I like best

2. Those hats are mine. They are red

=> Those hats which are red are mine

4. THAT (Thế cho tất cả)

This is the book. I like it best
=> This is the book that I like best.

My father is the person. I admire him most.

=> My father is the person that I admire most.

VD4
1. I can see the girl and her dog. They are running in the park.
=> I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park

2. That is the bicycle. It belongs to Tom.

=> That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom

5. WHERE (Thế cho nơi chốn)

That is my house. We used to live there
=> That is the house where we used to live

Japan is my favorite country. I like living in this place

=> Japan is the country where I like living
=> Japan is the country which I like living in

6. WHEN (Thế cho thời gian)

Today is my birthday. People hold a meeting on this day
=> Today is my birthday when people hold a meeting
=> Today is my brithday which people hold a meeting on

I’ll never forget 2014 . I met her on that year

=> I’ll never forget 2014 when I met her.
=> I’ll never forget 2014 which I met her on

7. WHOSE (thế cho của tôi, của anh ấy, của cô ấy, của họ, ..)
The boy is Tom. You borrowed his bicycle yesterday
=> The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.

The dog is over there. The dog's owner lives next door.
=> The dog whose owner lives next door is over there.
John found a cat. Its leg was broken.
=> John found a cat whose leg was broken
 RÚT GỌN MĐQH

Tips nhận ra đâu là CĐ, BĐ:

CĐ: The woman/ teaches /her students
S V O
O be + PII S
BĐ: Her students are taught by the woman
=> Thấy be + PII, lập tức suy ra BĐ. Còn ko thì là CĐ.

1. Nếu MĐQH là tobe thì bỏ tobe, còn là chủ động thì biến thành V-ing.
 The women who was in charge of this department has just resigned
=> The women in charge of this department has just resigned

 The woman who teaches English at his school is MS Smith

=> The women teaching English at his school is MS Smith
VD
1. Her husband, who is a famous Canadian actor, used to be a teacher
=> Her husband, a famous Canadian actor, used to be a teacher
2. That Canadian girl who is smiling at you is his daughter.
=> That Canadian girl smiling at you is his daughter.

2. Nếu MĐQH là bị động thì chỉ giữ lại PII/Ved

 Some of the phones which were sold last month are broken
=> Some of the phones sold last month are broken

 That was the baby who is taken to the hospital

=> That was the baby taken to the hospital
VD:
1. He is the student who was punished by the teacher.
=> He is the student punished by the teacher
2. The man who was interviewed before me got hired.
=> The man interviewed before me got hired

3. Nếu MĐQH có đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ => bỏ đại từ

 It’s the best movie. I have ever seen movie
 It’s the best movie (that) I have ever seen.
 It’s the best movie I have ever seen.

 I saw the girl. You talked to her yesterday.

 I saw the girl (who) you talked to yesterday.

4. MĐQH rút thành To-V

MĐQH được rút thành To-V khi
 Trước đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ:
 Thứ tự: the first, the second, the last, …
 the only
 so sánh bậc nhất: the most beautiful, biggest, …

Tips: CĐ => to V
BĐ => to be PII

VD:
 John was the last person that got the news.
 => John was the last person to get the news.

1. He was the oldest man who was killed in this way.

→ He was the oldest man to be killed in this way.
2. He is the last man who left the ship
=> He is the last man to leave the ship

BÀI TẬP

Ex1: Nối 2 câu sử dụng MĐQH

1. He worked for a woman. She used to be an artist.
=> He worked for a woman who used to be an artist
2. They called a doctor. He lived nearby.
=> They called a doctor who lived nearby
3. The bar in Barcelona is still there. I met my wife in that bar.
=> The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there
4. Linh liked the waiter. He was very friendly.
=> ____________________________________________
5. We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle.
=> ____________________________________________
6. I live in a city. I study in the city.
=> ____________________________________________
7. Nam loves books. They have happy endings.
=> ____________________________________________
8. I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam.
=> ____________________________________________
9. The man is in the class. He is wearing a blue hat.
=> ____________________________________________
10. The woman works in a hospital. She is from India.
=> ____________________________________________
11. Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
=> ____________________________________________
12. The little girl is sad. The little girl's was lost.
=> ____________________________________________

Ex2: Rút gọn MĐQH

1.The man who is standing there is a clown.
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
3. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.
4. The system which is used here is very successful.
5. The biggest train which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
6. The last candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.
=>
7. The most furious customers who complain about the service should see the
manager.
=> _
8. The most beautiful city which was destroyed during the war has now been
rebuilt.
=> ______________________________________________________________
 ĐÁP ÁN
Ex1:
1. He worked for a woman who used to be an artist.
2. They called a doctor who lived nearby.
3. The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there.
4. We broke a car that belonged to my uncle.
5. Linh liked the waiter who was very friendly
6. I live in the city where I study.
7. Nam loves books that have happy endings.
8. I live in a city that is in the north of Vietnam.
9. The man who is wearing a blue hat is in the class.
10. The woman who is from India works in a hospital.
11. Mr. Brown who we studied with last year is a nice teacher.
12. The little girl whose doll was lost is sad.

Ex2:
1.The man standing there is a clown.
2. The envelop lies on the table has no stamp on it.
3. I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.
4. The system used here is very successful.
5. The biggest train to leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
6. The last candidates to sit for the exam are all from Vietnam.
7. The most furious customers to complain about the service should see the
manager.
8. The most beautiful city to be destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
 MỆNH ĐỀ DANH NGỮ

Cấu trúc

that/ If/ whether/ Từ để hỏi (What, when….) + S + V

1. Mệnh đề danh ngữ có chức năng giống một noun (danh từ)
Ví dụ: That he was sacked does not surprise us.
What he left is not our concern.
I do not know who he is. (Tôi không biết anh ta là ai cả.)
Pay careful attention to what I am going to say. (Hãy chú ý những điều tôi
sắp nói.)
The question is how we can get enough money.
What surprised me was that he spoke English so well.

Tips: Vì các MĐDN đều có chức năng như một danh từ, nên ta có thể thay thử MĐDN
bằng một noun là “Lương”, lúc này dễ thấy câu đã đúng ngữ pháp.
Ví dụ: I do not know who he is
I do not know Lương

2. Ngoài ra, MĐDN còn giúp bổ nghĩa cho danh từ.

Ví dụ: A report that the area was dangerous was ignored by the resident.
(Cư dân đã phớt lờ bản báo cáo rằng khu vực này nguy hiểm.)
* Lưu ý: Không dùng trật tự từ của câu nghi vấn trong mệnh đề danh từ.

Ví dụ: I couldn’t hear what he said. (NOT I couldn’t hear what did he say.)
I wonder who he is. (NOT I wonder who is he.)

BÀI TẬP

1. ______________ depends on your gentle persuasion.

A. That he agreed to help you B. That he agrees to help you
C. Whether he agrees to help you D. Whether he agreed to help you

2. ____ becoming extinct is of great concern to zoologists.

A. That giant pandas are B. Giant pandas are
C. Are giant pandas D. The giant panda is

3. ____ makes the desert beautiful is that it hides a well somewhere.

A. What B. Which
C. That D. Who

4. ____________to the South in the winter is a popular fact.

A. where birds migrate B. Bird migratings
C. When birds migrate D. That birds migrate

5. My classmates are trying to understand.

A. that the environment is polluted B. the environment is polluted
C. why the environment is polluted D. the environment polluted

6. Studies indicate _________collecting art today than ever before.

A. more people that are B. there are that more people
C. that there are more people D. people there are more
ĐÁP ÁN: 1C 2A 3A 4D 5C 6C

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ

1. Quy tắc chung

● 2 mệnh đề phải có cùng chủ ngữ

● Trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ (mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng liên từ):

⇒ lược bỏ chủ ngữ,

⇒ đồng thời chuyển đổi động từ thành dạng V-ing.

Ví dụ:

● After she finished her homework, she watched her favorite movie.

⇒ After finishing her homework, she watched her favorite movie.

● Before he goes home, he will turn off all the lights.

⇒ Before going home, he will turn off all the lights.

Ngoài nguyên tắc chung ở trên, chúng ta cần lưu ý một số trường hợp đặc biệt:

2. Động từ trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ là động từ "to be" hoặc động từ nối (linking verb)

Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ là động từ "to be" hoặc động từ nối (linking verb), thì ta
bỏ luôn cả động từ, chỉ giữ lại danh từ hoặc tính từ.

Thường dùng với các liên từ mang ý nghĩa tương phản, trái ngược như although, though,
while.

Ví dụ:
 ● Although he felt stressed, he decided to keep the job.

⇒ Although stressed, he decided to keep the job.

● Though she is an excellent student, she failed the test.

⇒ Though an excellent student, she failed the test.

3. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ thể hiện nguyên nhân - kết quả

Khi rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ diễn đạt ý nguyên nhân - kết quả, ta bỏ luôn cả liên từ đó.

Thường dùng với các liên từ chỉ nguyên nhân như because, as, since.

Ví dụ:

● Because he got up late, he was late for work.

⇒ Getting up late, he was late for work.

● As I didn't want to wake him up, I turned off the radio.

⇒ Not wanting to wake him up, I turned off the radio.

4. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ diễn đạt hành động diễn ra cùng lúc

Khi rút gọn mệnh đề có liên từ diễn đạt hành động diễn ra cùng lúc, ta có thể giữ lại hoặc bỏ
luôn cả liên từ đó.

Thường dùng với các liên từ while, when.

Ví dụ:

● John hurt his knee while he was playing football.

⇒ John hurt his knee while playing football

⇒ hoặc: John hurt his knee playing football.

● Be careful when you cross the road.

⇒ Be careful when crossing the road.

5. Hành động trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ xảy ra trước hành động trong mệnh đề chính

Khi hành động trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ xảy ra trước hành động trong mệnh đề chính, chúng ta
có thể rút gọn mệnh đề trạng ngữ thành "having + V3/V-ed".

Ví dụ:

● After she finished her homework, she watched her favorite movie.

⇒ After finishing her homework, she watched her favorite movie.

⇒ hoặc: Having finished her homework, she watched her favorite movie <Cái này giống
QKHT>

MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

1. WHO (Thế cho chủ ngữ là người)

+ The woman lives next door. The woman is a doctor.
The woman who is a doctor lives next door
+ That Canadian girl is his daughter. She is smiling at you.
=> That Canadian girl who is smiling at you is his daughter

Note: MĐQH phải ở ngay sau từ bị thế

VD1:
1. The man sent us a postcard from Japan. The man was so handsome.
=> The man who was so handsome sent us a postcard from Japan
2. The girl is my sister. The girl is wearing the pink dress.
=> The girl who is wearing the pink dress is my sister.
2. WHOM (Thế cho giới từ là người)
+ Tom is a smart person. I admire him very much
=> Tom whom I admire very much is a smart person.

+ All of my students are interested in English. I speak to them every day.

=> All of my students whom I speak to every day are interested in English

VD2:
1. The beautiful woman is a doctor. We saw her yesterday
=> The beautiful woman who we saw yesterday is a doctor.
2. I was invited by the professor. I met him at the conference.
=> I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference

3. WHICH (Thế cho vật)

The machine is working again now. It broke down.
=> The machine which broke down is working again now

The dress is very beautiful. I bought it yesterday

=> The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful.

VD3:
1. This is the book. I like it best.
=> This is the book which I like best

2. Those hats are mine. They are red

=> Those hats which are red are mine
4. THAT (Thế cho tất cả)
This is the book. I like it best
=> This is the book that I like best.

My father is the person. I admire him most.

=> My father is the person that I admire most.

VD4
1. I can see the girl and her dog. They are running in the park.
=> I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park

2. That is the bicycle. It belongs to Tom.

=> That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom

5. WHERE (Thế cho nơi chốn)

That is my house. We used to live there
=> That is the house where we used to live

Japan is my favorite country. I like living in this place

=> Japan is the country where I like living
=> Japan is the country which I like living in

6. WHEN (Thế cho thời gian)

Today is my birthday. People hold a meeting on this day
=> Today is my birthday when people hold a meeting
=> Today is my brithday which people hold a meeting on

I’ll never forget 2014 . I met her on that year

=> I’ll never forget 2014 when I met her.
=> I’ll never forget 2014 which I met her on

7. WHOSE (thế cho của tôi, của anh ấy, của cô ấy, của họ, ..)
The boy is Tom. You borrowed his bicycle yesterday
=> The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.

The dog is over there. The dog's owner lives next door.
=> The dog whose owner lives next door is over there.

John found a cat. Its leg was broken.

=> John found a cat whose leg was broken

RÚT GỌN MĐQH

Tips nhận ra đâu là CĐ, BĐ:

CĐ: The woman/ teaches /her students
S V O
O be + PII S
BĐ: Her students are taught by the woman
=> Thấy be + PII, lập tức suy ra BĐ. Còn ko thì là CĐ.

1. Nếu MĐQH là tobe thì bỏ tobe, còn là chủ động thì biến thành V-ing.
● The women who was in charge of this department has just resigned
=> The women in charge of this department has just resigned

● The woman who teaches English at his school is MS Smith

=> The women teaching English at his school is MS Smith
VD
1. Her husband, who is a famous Canadian actor, used to be a teacher
=> Her husband, a famous Canadian actor, used to be a teacher
2. That Canadian girl who is smiling at you is his daughter.
=> That Canadian girl smiling at you is his daughter.

2. Nếu MĐQH là bị động thì chỉ giữ lại PII/Ved

● Some of the phones which were sold last month are broken
=> Some of the phones sold last month are broken

● That was the baby who is taken to the hospital

=> That was the baby taken to the hospital
VD:
1. He is the student who was punished by the teacher.
=> He is the student punished by the teacher
2. The man who was interviewed before me got hired.
=> The man interviewed before me got hired
3. Nếu MĐQH có đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ => bỏ đại từ
● It’s the best movie. I have ever seen movie
⇨ It’s the best movie (that) I have ever seen.
⇨ It’s the best movie I have ever seen.

● I saw the girl. You talked to her yesterday.

⇨ I saw the girl (who) you talked to yesterday.

4. MĐQH rút thành To-V

MĐQH được rút thành To-V khi
● Trước đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ:
● Thứ tự: the first, the second, the last, …
● the only
● so sánh bậc nhất: the most beautiful, biggest, …

Tips: CĐ => to V
BĐ => to be PII

VD:
● John was the last person that got the news.
=> John was the last person to get the news.

1. He was the oldest man who was killed in this way.

→ He was the oldest man to be killed in this way.
2. He is the last man who left the ship
=> He is the last man to leave the ship
 BÀI TẬP

Ex1: Nối 2 câu sử dụng MĐQH

1. He worked for a woman. She used to be an artist.
=> ____________________________________________
2. They called a doctor. He lived nearby.
=> ____________________________________________
3. The bar in Barcelona is still there. I met my wife in that bar.
=> ____________________________________________
4. Linh liked the waiter. He was very friendly.
=> ____________________________________________
5. We broke a car. It belonged to my uncle.
=> ____________________________________________
6. I live in a city. I study in the city.
=> ____________________________________________
7. Nam loves books. They have happy endings.
=> ____________________________________________
8. I live in a city. It is in the north of Vietnam.
=> ____________________________________________
9. The man is in the class. He is wearing a blue hat.
=> ____________________________________________
10. The woman works in a hospital. She is from India.
=> ____________________________________________
11. Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
=> ____________________________________________
12. The little girl is sad. The little girl's was lost.
=> ____________________________________________
Ex2: Rút gọn MĐQH
1.The man who is standing there is a clown.
=> ____________________________________________
2. The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
=> ____________________________________________
3. I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.
=> ____________________________________________
4. The system which is used here is very successful.
=> ____________________________________________
5. The biggest train which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
=> ______________________________________________________________
6. The last candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.
=> ______________________________________________________________
7. The most furious customers who complain about the service should see the manager.
=> ______________________________________________________________
8. The most beautiful city which was destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.
=> ______________________________________________________________
 ĐÁP ÁN
Ex1:
1. He worked for a woman who used to be an artist.
2. They called a doctor who lived nearby.
3. The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there.
4. We broke a car that belonged to my uncle.
5. Linh liked the waiter who was very friendly
6. I live in the city where I study.
7. Nam loves books that have happy endings.
8. I live in a city that is in the north of Vietnam.
9. The man who is wearing a blue hat is in the class.
10. The woman who is from India works in a hospital.
11. Mr. Brown who we studied with last year is a nice teacher.
12. The little girl whose doll was lost is sad.

Ex2:
1.The man standing there is a clown.
2. The envelop lies on the table has no stamp on it.
3. I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.
4. The system used here is very successful.
5. The biggest train to leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
6. The last candidates to sit for the exam are all from Vietnam.
7. The most furious customers to complain about the service should see the manager.
8. The most beautiful city to be destroyed during the war has now been rebuilt.