INSTITUT D’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR DE RUHENGERI

Accredited by Ministerial Order N° 005/2010/ Mineduc of 16 June 2010

FACULTY OF APPLIED FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE Scientia et Lu

DEPARTMENT OF CEN

PROMOTION: LEVEL II-C March Intake

MODULE: INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT I

TOPIC: INTERNSHIP REPORT

Name: Gedeon TUMUSIFU

Reg No: 22/18987

B.P. 155
Ruhengeri
Rwanda
T : +250 788 90 30 30
: +250 788 90 30 32
E : [email protected]
W: www.ines.ac.rw

Supervisor: Eng. Cyprien IMANATURIKUMW

Table of Contents
I. DECLARATION.....................................................................................................................................3
II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................................................3
III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 1: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF HOSTING COMPANY...........................................................4
1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Vision of hosting company................................................................................................................4
1.3 Mission of hosting company..............................................................................................................4
1.4 Services of hosting company.............................................................................................................4
CHAPTER TWO: OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE...................................................................5
2.1 Objectives of internship.....................................................................................................................5
2.2 How I get in the company..................................................................................................................5
2.3 Description about the Project.............................................................................................................6
2. 4MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT USED ON SITE....................................................................................8
2.4 My internship experience..................................................................................................................9
2.4.1 Shoring.......................................................................................................................................9
2.4.2 Excavation, Setting out and footing..........................................................................................10
2.4.3 Formwork.................................................................................................................................12
2.4.4 Reinforcement Works...............................................................................................................13
2.4.5 Concrete Work..........................................................................................................................13
2.4.6 Column.....................................................................................................................................16
2.4.7 Beam.........................................................................................................................................17
2.4.8 Stair case...................................................................................................................................18
2.4.9 Slab...........................................................................................................................................19
2.4.10 Wall construction and plastering.............................................................................................21
2.4. 11 Falseworks.............................................................................................................................22
2.4 CHALLENGES WHILE PERFORMING TASKS..........................................................................23
2. 5 MEASURES IN OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES...............................................................24
CHAPTER THREE: BENEFITS OF INTERNSHIP.................................................................................25
3.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................25
3.2 importance of internship to students................................................................................................25
CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION..........................................................26
4.1 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................26
 4.2 RECOMMENDATION...................................................................................................................26
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................27
I. DECLARATION
I, Gedeon TUMUSIFU hereby declare that this internship report is prepared and submitted by
me under the guidance and supervision of my IAT coordinator, Eng. IMANATURIKUMWE
Cyprien. I want to express that I have successfully followed the activities in the site and
achieved my mission during the internship period. In addition, I had compiled this report
according to writing guideline foe an internship attached by university.

Finally, I can assure that the report contains all the events and procedures that I observed and
performed during the internship periods.

II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Above all, I want to thank the ALMIGHTY GOD for what I have done for me until today,
blessing my life and giving me patience and strength to finish this internship report and
internship project.

I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my institution INES RUHENGERI staff, lecturers
and others for where my skills and knowledge stands as of now in my studies and courses in civil
engineering.
Then, I would also like to express my humble and deepest gratitude to ARC-MJC Ltd and
workers of this company especially for Managing Director (Eng.Jean de la Croix
MWIZERWA), site engineer (Mr. IRADUKUNDA Christian) and others who helped me on
each and every part of site and office work to respond questions without being bored by sacrifice
their working time.

III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is a report that I have prepared to make a representative document for my two-month
internship program. It is all about the practical knowledge I gained, the value added the new
brand idea I was grasped through the continuous support of my supervisor. Moreover, this report
is an outcome of the exercise I conducted during my internship period at ARC-MJC Ltd. In
these report, I was tried to describe about the company’s profile and background that I have
worked by including its short description, vision and mission.
In addition to that, I tried to describe briefly about the overall internship experience, which all
works conducted on the site, the tasks I performed, and the ideal things that I inspected are dealt
on. In addition, I have described the tasks that I was able to understand both in office and on site
of supper structure including details starting from the entry to the company to the challenges that
I faced and the measures that I tried to take during the course of the program. I have also
presented my observations and experiences during the intern time about the overall benefits I
gained from the internship program. I tried to discuss the skills that I gained which are proven to
be quite helpful in the long run. And mention detail benefits are dealt om based on aspects such
as improving and upgrading; practical skills, theoretical skills, team playing skill, interpersonal
communication skills, work ethics, leadership skill and entrepreneurship skills.

Finally, at the end I cease my report with conclusion and recommendation to the concerned
sectors. Accordingly, I tried to conclude in short how the internship program looked like and the
overall company’s performance in which I have been practiced. Moreover, I recommended the
companies and university that I thought it would be indispensable for their success.

CHAPTER 1: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF HOSTING COMPANY

1.1 Introduction
ARC-MJC Ltd is private enterprise of limited by shares which has marvelous success stories in
the building construction. This company was fully registered in RDB (Rwanda Development
Board) on 20th March, 2019 with serial number 478844 and company code of 108712013.

1.2 Vision of hosting company

The company’s vision is to be among the top building construction enterprise in East Africa in
2030.

1.3 Mission of hosting company

Its mission is build and deliver high quality and cost effective building constructions on schedule
for our clients; to produce construction input materials and apply updated construction
technologies; to contribute our share for the sustainable development and gap filling of the
sector.

1.4 Services of hosting company

 It provides architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy.
  Construction of buildings
 Demolition
 Site preparation and construction of other civil engineering projects.
 Construction of buildings, roads, and railways.
 Electrical, Plumbing, heat and air-conditioning installation.
 Wholesale of construction materials, hardware, plumbing, heating equipment and
supplies.
 Technical testing and analysis
 Real estate activities with own or leased property.
 Photographic activities
 Etc,..

CHAPTER TWO: OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1 Objectives of internship

An internship is a professional learning experience that offers meaningful, practical work
related to a student’s field of study or career interest. An internship gives a student the
opportunity for career exploration and development, and to learn new skills. Some of the
objectives of this internship are;

 Acquire knowledge of various stages of construction, project management and team-

work.
 Apply theoretical knowledge in industrial application
 Provide opportunity for students to work with industrial practitioners
 Practice ethical and professional work culture
 Implement health safety environment practices at workplace

The civil engineering student’s internship program bridges the gap between theory and practice
and provides students with practical, field based real world experience and help to learnt to
differentiate reality and engineering during their years of study.

2.2 How I get in the company

First, I would like to start with how I got into the company before explaining my internship
experience. After the application form was given to us from INES-RUHENGERI, I applied to
different companies who could be mentors for my future in my profession. Some were polite and
hostile to receive my application and give me the required service. In contrary I faced some
companies who were not willing to accept internship student or give answers politely.

In the bright side I got accepted in different places and I preferred to work in ARC-MJC Ltd.
The reasons why I chose this company were the willingness of the company to support the
student and the availability of advising staff in the company, the effort of the company in
research and development and its willingness to give project works for the students, the existence
of updating new technology and other facilities.

2.3 Description about the Project

Project: Mixed use building

Story: G+3

Location: MUSANZE

Contractor: ARC-MJC Ltd

The following is the 3D view of the project to be constructed

Here is some architectural layout of the ground, first, second and third floor.
 Architectural layout of ground floor Architectural layout of first floor

Architectural layout of second floor Architectural layout of third floor

The materials used are Reinforced Concrete structures of framed type, Solid two slabs, whereas
the roof is also made up of slab. The execution of construction of this building is covered by
various code of designs to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of construction
materials and products which should be used and the standard of workmanship on site needed to
be supervised by qualified and experienced Engineer. Some lab test like compressive strength
test for concrete should be done.

The method of design is Limit state design method accordingly to BS8110-1997; the structural
use of Concrete 1992. The building is also designed for seismic loads as per IS 1893 (Part 1):
2002 All load combinations were used, and the combined load effects were compared to the
reduced nominal strengths of the structural elements. The structure was designed for
serviceability: Deflections of beams under service live load are limited to L/240 and story drifts
under 50-year lateral loading events (unfactored lateral load) are limited to L/400. Seismic loads
will be considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either of the two principal directions)
and not along the vertical direction, since it is not considered to be significant. A 10% increase
on the column loads was admitted to allow the impact of seismic loads in our design, since the
total floors of the building are less than eight in number.

Load Combinations The Ultimate State (ULS) Various combinations of the characteristic values
of dead load Gk, imposed load Qk and their partial factors of safety must be considered for the
loading of the structure.

2. 4MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT USED ON SITE

Here are different materials and equipment we used to accomplish the given tasks on the site;
 Concrete mixer
 Vibrator
 Steel bar (8-20 mm of diameter)
 Timber
 Bucket
 Spirt level
 Hammer
 Tap measure
 Spade
 Hoe
 Level
 Plumb bob Level
 Cover brock
  Plywood
 OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement)
 See-saw
 Concrete mixer

2.4 My internship experience

In this chapter I will try to show what I have seen and what I have get in my 2-month experience.
In the first two days I was introducing with the project and the staff members who are at the site.
I was familiar with the following categories of works executed.

 Shoring
 Falseworks
 Formwork
 Reinforcement work
 Concrete work
 Grade beam
 Column
 Beam
 Stairs
 Slab
 Wall construction and wall plastering.

2.4.1 Shoring
Shoring is a construction of temporary structure, to support temporary unsafe structure. These
support walls laterally. Shoring can be used when walls bulge out, when walls crack due to
unequal settlement of foundation and repairs are to be carried out to the cracked wall, when an
adjustment structure needs pulling down, when openings are to be newly made or enlarged in a
wall. There are three types of shoring; Raking shoring, Flying shoring and Dead shoring. (Hume,
2008).

2.4.2 Excavation, Setting out and footing

I’m sorry, I didn’t make it to start with the project because I started my internship when they
were shuttering the columns of first story. But, I reached out to my site supervisor and explained
for me the concept of excavation, earth work and even setting out of building. Through what I
caught I tried to summarize them in the following words.

Excavation is the process of work involving the digging of soil and rock from the construction
site, it depends on the design levels, widths and depths. The excavation was performed by
excavator or digging machine within consideration of working space, based on the purpose of
excavation it may be classified as bulk excavation, pit excavation and trench excavation.
Bilgin,et, al,2013).

Setting out in construction refers to the process of establishing the location, dimensions, and
levels of structures on a construction site based on the architectural and engineering drawings. It
is a crucial step that ensures the accurate and precise positioning of various components, such as
foundations, walls, columns, and other structural elements, according to the design plans. (Cao
etal Lessing, J. (2021).

It's important to note that setting out requires the use of surveying equipment such as total
stations, theodolites, and leveling instruments to achieve precision in measurements and
alignment. Qualified surveyors or engineers typically carry out the setting-out process on
construction sites. Here on our site the instrument used in building setting out was total station.

Throughout what I noted, I have tried to put together the steps involved in setting out of building;

1.Review the Construction Plans: Examine the architectural and engineering drawings to
understand the layout, dimensions, and specifications of the building.

2. Establish Baselines: Identify reference lines and benchmarks that will serve as the baseline
for setting out other components. These lines are usually established using surveying equipment
like Total station.

3. Mark Building Corners: Use the dimensions provided in the plans to accurately mark the
corners of the building. This is often done by driving pegs or stakes into the ground.

4. Check and Adjust Measurements: Verify the accuracy of the measurements and adjust as
necessary. This may involve rechecking dimensions and ensuring that the diagonals of the
building form right angles.
5. Transfer Levels: Transfer levels and elevations from the plans to the construction site. This
involves using a level instrument to ensure that the building is constructed on a level plane.

6. Mark External Walls: Use the established reference points to mark the external walls of the
building. This includes marking the locations of doors, windows, and other openings.

7. Set Out Internal Walls: Use the dimensions and positions specified in the plans to mark the
locations of internal walls and partitions.

8. Mark Service Installations: Identify and mark the positions for essential service installations
such as plumbing, electrical, and HVAC systems.

9. Verify and Double-Check: Double-check all measurements and markers to ensure accuracy.
This step is critical to avoiding errors in the construction process.

10. Documentation: Document the setting-out process through drawings, notes, or digital
records. This documentation serves as a reference for the construction team.

11. Continual Monitoring: Throughout the construction process, continually monitor and adjust
the building's position as needed to ensure that it aligns with the original plans.

Footing: Footings are structural supports that provide stability to a structure's foundation found
underneath foundational walls or columns, footings are typically made with reinforced concrete
and help redistribute a structure's weight from the foundation into the earth and soil below. The
purpose of footings is to support the foundation and prevent settling. Creating a footing involves
several steps to ensure a stable foundation for a structure. Fatahi, et. Al, 2018).

As I mentioned above, I didn’t make to start with the company to know very well the concept of
excavation, setting out and footing as well, but throughout the introduction of the site engineer at
first and second day of internship, now I’m able to explain how setting out is done and I hope
that in next internship I’ll make sure that I know this concept very well.

2.4.3 Formwork
The formwork is temporary construction material used as a mold for structure with required size
and shape while controlling its position and alignment to support and form concrete members. It
can be mainly made up of timber, plywood, steel aluminum material of any desired shape mostly
rectangular. It is also treated with oil or releasing agent to prevent sticking of formwork with
concrete thus, it can be names based on the type of structural member construction such as slab
formwork, beam formwork, column formwork, footing formwork, etc. (Lim, et.al, 2020).

In our site the formworks that we preferred to use is plywood formworks for the erection of
beams, columns, stairs, footings and slabs.

When the concrete has reached the strength, the formwork is no longer needed and is removed.
The operation of removing formwork is called striping. After stripping the removed formwork is
reused for another structural element.

Period of removal of formwork (Stripping time)

 Vertical formwork for columns, beams and walls …………… 16 hours

 Soffit formwork to slab and stair case ……………………….. 21 days
 Soffit formwork to beam ……………………………………… 21 days
 Props to slab ……………………………………………………. 14 days
 Props to beam …………………………………………………… 14 days

Formwork must fulfill the following requirements;

 It must be accurately set out

 The material of formwork should be suitable for re-use of several time
 Should be strong enough to carry the loads place on it
 The joint in the formwork should be tight agent’s linkage
 Should be brushed by releasing agent or oils

 Capable of retaining its shape by being efficiently propped and braced horizontally and
vertically.
 Should be capable of being removed in various parts without damaging the concrete.

Once the concrete has gained sufficient strength, the formwork can be struck (removed). A
minimum value of 5 N/mm2 is recommended in all cases when striking vertical formwork as so
not to damage the permanent concrete in the process. High quality workmanship and inspection
are necessary to ensure a high standard and appearance of the resulting concrete structure. Both
shuttering and formwork in its various forms will be supported by false work. This refers to
poles, stabilizers, or other units that keep the shuttering or formwork in place as concrete dries.

2.4.4 Reinforcement Works

Reinforcement bars are a rounded steel bars with different size and shape of deformed type used
in reinforced concrete. Steel reinforcement is generally used in the form of bars or circular cross
section in concrete structure. Steel is one of the best forms of reinforcement, to take care of those
stresses and to strengthen the concrete to bear all kinds of loads. All reinforcement bars are of the
specified quality and in accordance with the standard technical specifications. The bars should be
stored in clean and dry area and also sheltered from rainfall. It should be reasonably free from
corrosion, rust and other impurities such as grease, oil and other kind of dirt which affect the
strength of reinforcement. When it’s rust we should be brushed it b/c of many types of dirty
which affect the strength of reinforcement. (Elmessalami, et.al, 2019).

It’s very important that the reinforcement is made up and placed strictly in accordance with the
drawing and this is so maintained during the placing reinforcement bars overlap location. During
the arrangement of reinforcement for the construction we have different types of reinforcement
bars.

Stirrups serve as shear reinforcement and re tied on longitudinal reinforcement to provide

resistance against outward buckling. The stirrups are different spacing for column and beam.
Most of the time we use ø6 and ø8 bars for stirrups. They are placed to provide diagonal shear
resistance.

2.4.5 Concrete Work

Concrete is made by mixture of cement, sand, aggregate, water, air and admixture if required.
The strength and quality of concrete depend not only on the quality and quantity of the materials,
but on the procedures used in combining these materials and the skill involved in the
transportation, placing, compaction, finishing and curing of concrete. (Surahyo, 2019).

Cement: the cement powder, when mixed with water forms paste. This paste acts like glue and
holds or bonds the aggregate together. It’s like binding agent.

Aggregate: used for strength, resistance for cover large volume. Based on size two types of
aggregates fine and coarse.
  Fine aggregate (sand): its size greater than 4.75mm pass e.x. crashed sand aggregate and
river sand used to fill void b/n (filler). Coarse aggregate its size at 25 mm pass at 20 mm
retied. Its cover large area.

Water: water fit for drinking is generally suitable for concrete. It facilitates the spreading of
cement over the aggregate and makes the mix workable.

Admixture: unlike cement, aggregate and water are not as essential component of the concrete
mix, but they are important and increasingly widespread component that are used to improve
certain properties of concrete.

An admixture can be defined as chemical product which is added to the concrete mix in the
qualities no longer than 5% by mass of cement during mixing operation prior to the placing of
concrete for achieving specific modification to normal properties of concrete.

Types of admixtures

 Retarder: used to increase the initial setting time of concrete, mostly used in
transportation process when the concrete plan Bach is far from construction site
 Accelerators: used to decrease initial setting time concrete, mostly used in pile casting
process when it has underground water table appear.
 Plasticizers: used to reduce amount of water that present in mixed concrete large enough.
 Super-plasticizers: used to form concrete to jelly property during pumping process of
concrete.

On our site, used concrete making materials are: OPC type of cement, well graded coarse
aggregate, with good quality of sand and clean water.

Mixing of Concrete

Mixing of concrete materials should be done thoroughly to ensure the uniform distribution of
materials in concrete mass and this can be judged by consistency of concrete. Method of mix nay
be hand mix or mechanical (machine) mix. In our site mixing process is done in standing mixer.

The concrete mix we used for foundation work was C-30 and C-20 concrete grade for other
components of structures.
Placing of Concrete: Concrete should be deposited (poured) as near as possible to its final
position in order to reduce segregation. Problems that arise due to poor handling and placing of
fresh concrete are segregation and bleeding.

Compaction of Concrete: after the concrete had been placed, the compaction or consolidation
has been started using vibrator. The purpose of vibrator or consolidation is to expel or eliminate
the air bubbles from the concrete mass to the maximum extent in order to achieve maximum
density of concrete. When vibrating you must consider that Over vibration produces bleeding
and Under vibration form honeycomb.

Curing of Concrete: curing of concrete is process of keeping mixing water design so hydration
continue up to max compressive strength gained E.x: for PPC 45 days and OPC 28days.

The curing time may depend on concrete type, the type of the structural element and the
environment of the working station. There are two setting times of concrete namely, initial
setting time and final setting time.

 Initial setting time: is a time that takes for mixing, discharging, transporting and casting
period required up to 30-45 minutes.
 Final setting time: is a time that found between after cast of concrete to starting period
of curing, so it takes a minimum time of 10hr or 600min.

2.4.6 Column
Columns are reinforced structures which transmit the axial loads to the foundations. It is used to
carry and transfer loads from slabs, roofs and beams to the foundation.

Columns vary in size and shape. There are circular as well as rectangular columns in shape, the
circular column has higher required reinforcement than rectangular and esthetically beautiful. As
we know theoretically column has longitudinal (resist lateral load and axial load with aid of
concrete) and lateral reinforcement /stirrups (prevent buckling and tie the longitudinal
reinforcement).

Procedure followed to construct a column

 First “kracher” is fixed for marking center and edge of a column.

 Overlap the reinforcement bars with reference of structural drawing.
 Fix the formwork
 The formwork will be fixed and it should be checked for the actual position by
suspending ‘plumb bob” in two opposite sides of column and with reference of other
columns.
 Cast concrete as per design.
  Remove the formwork on the next day and curing it with wet cover.

2.4.7 Beam
Beam is structural members which span horizontally, that resist loads by means of internal
moments and shear forces. There are two categories of beams depending on their positions; these
are grade beams and floor beams. As their name implies, the upper floor beams are the beams
found above the ground surface. This beam can be primary and secondary beam. (El Ame,
2020).

Primary (main) beam: is a type of beam that runs from column to column, in this case the load
transfers directly the load to the column.

Secondary (distributed) beam: is a type of beam that runs from beam to beam not connected to
the column, in this case the load transfers directly to the primary beam and also primary (main)
beam transfer the load to the column.

2.4.8 Stair case

Stairs are set of steps leading from one floor to another and re provided in a building to afford as
means of communication between varies floor. Stair case is seen as connectors between at least
two different levels, this is super structure necessary needed for the building which has
additional floor to the ground floor of the building to another floor part of the building. (Ching,
2018).

Procedure followed to construct stair case

 Determine the Stair Design: decide on the type of staircase you want (straight, L-
shaped, U-shaped, spiral), here on the site we used U-shaped staircase. Consider the
dimensions, including the total rise (vertical distance) and total run (horizontal distance).
 Gather Materials and Tools: Materials may include lumber for the steps and stringers,
plywood or other sheet goods for the risers and treads, and fasteners such as screws and
nails. Tools we have used include a saw, hammer, framing square, level and measuring
tape.
  Calculate Rise and Run: Divide the total rise by a standard riser height (typically 7 to 8
inches) to determine the number of risers. Divide the total run by the number of treads to
determine the run for each tread.
 Tie main bars on the grade beam
 Keep formwork
 Mesh it in both directions
 Insert spacer between inclined formwork and main bars
 Bend the bars 1/3 of the span around the support
 Tie 90-degrees bended bars for riser
 Keep spacer
 Formwork for riser
 Check the required alignment
 Cast the concrete

2.4.9 Slabs

Structural slabs are constructed to provide flat surfaces, usually horizontal, in building floors,
roofs and any other types of structures. Floor slabs are classified in two as their positions or
levels. These are ground floor and suspended or upper floors.
a. Ground floor slab: is a type of floor which is directly contact on the ground surface, the
grade beam is used only for partition of floor in to the ground not for the purpose of support load
on to ground floor. The ground slab which used to prevent crack developed by settlement,
temperature change, shrinkage, expansion and another factor, mostly ground floor mesh is not
constructed with grade beam (not inter lock with grade beam) because to allow the ground slab
to freely move in case of settlement and expansion.

Procedures on placing ground floor slab

 Prepare formwork
 Prepare slab bedding
 Install reinforcement
 Pour, compact and finish concrete
 Cure concrete and remove formwork.

b. Solid slab: Solid slab has depth of (13mm-23mm) and that shows beam. Solid slab is high
costly than ribbed slab and heavy in weight. It requires high amount of concrete because of its
high strength and depth. It is used only for the area which supports relatively high load and
ground leveling of the slab.
The procedures on placing of suspended beam and slab:

 Place H-frame or scaffolding

 Construct beam formwork
 Put plywood
 Arrange beam reinforcement
 Then arrange slab reinforcement
 Electrical, plumbing and sanitary fittings
 Arrange electrical and sanitary fittings
 Check c/c, +ve and –ve bars
 Cast concrete both in slab and beams at once solid slab work

c. Ribbed slabs: it is a type of slab uses HCB, wide bend beams running between columns and
narrow ribs. Ribbed slab can be selected for the following reasons:

 Relatively light in weight and less expensive and economical.

 Has high capacity of sound absorbance or excellent vibration control
 For flexible uses of the construction
 Durable for low live load slab construction

In this construction site ribbed slabs are used for all the floors excluding ground floor. Hollow
block of 24mm is used.

2.4.10 Wall construction and plastering

i. Wall construction

Brick masonry is a highly durable form of construction. It is built by placing bricks in mortar
in a systematic manner to construct solid mass that withstand exerted loads. This
arrangement is also known as Bond and it falls into different ways such as English bond, Flemish
bond, stretcher bond and many others. We have different types of walls including; load bearing
walls, non- load bearing walls, cavity walls, shear walls, partition walls, panel walls, veneered
walls and faced walls.
On our site we used to construct non-load bearing walls which are walls that carry their own
weight and does not support any structural members such as beams and slabs. This walls are just
used as partition walls or to separate rooms from outside.

ii. Plastering

Plastering is the process of covering rough walls and uneven surfaces in construction of houses
and other structures with a plastic material called plaster, which is a mixture of lime or cement
concrete and sand along with the required quantity of water.

Requirements of good plaster:

 It should be adhering to the background and should remain adhered during all climatic
changes.
 It should be cheap and economical
 It should be hard and durable
 It should possess good workability.
2.4. 11 Falseworks

Falsework in construction refers to temporary structures used to support a permanent structure

during its construction until it becomes self-supporting. These temporary supports, often made of
timber, steel or other materials, help distribute the load and provide stability until the
construction is completed. Falsework is commonly used in tasks such as building bridges, slabs,
tunnels, or large concrete structures. Falseworks help distribute the loads from construction
materials, equipment, and workers, ensuring that the stress is evenly spread and preventing
premature failure or deformation. They also contribute to the safety of construction site by
preventing collapses or structural failures during the building process. They provide a stable
framework or workers to operate within, reducing the risk of accidents. In addition, in concrete
construction, falseworks are often used to support formwork for pouring and shaping concrete.
This ensures that concrete cures correctly and maintains the desired shape.
2.4 CHALLENGES WHILE PERFORMING TASKS.
It is clear that I am practicing employer. Due to this there are some challenges which I faced on
the site. Some of the challenges are:

 Unwillingness of some professional persons to share their experience and practical

knowledge.
 Local (site) names of equipment and materials in the site.
 During at the time of working on the site there are lack of safety which may endanger
health.
 Lack of software skills
 Freezing of the project, because of shortage of material in the site when performing my
tasks.

2. 5 MEASURES IN OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES

Some of the measures in overcoming the challenges are:

 Creating relation with Forman and site supervisor and I asked them, after that I became
familiar with every work and understood well.
 Creating smooth relation with unwilling person.
 I asked carpenters and other daily laborers, through time I became familiar with all site
names.
 I convinced myself that I can adopt all site conditions such as the discrepancy of
theoretical learning and practical work.
 I have tried to come with my safety tools daily to protect myself from any danger on the
site.
CHAPTER THREE: BENEFITS OF INTERNSHIP
3.1 Introduction
Internship program is a method of letting the students to assume themselves as a potentially
responsible workman for a particular work by assigning them to actively participating in a
company. And such trends help students to have valuable work experience. Internship program
are also valuable to company.

3.2 importance of internship to students

Internship program has many advantages to students that’s why in the following line I have tried
to outline what I gained from this program as well as the students as whole;

i. It helped me get knowledge about how structural design will apply on real construction,
and their purpose on buildings.
ii. I got a knowledge about construction materials and equipment with their techniques and
their methods of application
iii. I got a knowledge about reading of detail drawings.
iv. I got knowledge about how reinforcement bars are arranged and how it becomes
structural member,
v. I got knowledge about how formwork is constructed for a temporary mold and its
techniques of construction.
vi. I got knowledge how concrete works are done involving the concept of concrete mixing
ratio at desired grade of concrete.
vii. Now I’m able to understand site language of a construction materials and construction
equipment’s and their site names.
viii. I have exercised communication skills with engineers and other company’s laborers.
ix. This internship program helped me improve my team playing skill
x. Improvement of leadership skills as I have seen how each worker is controlled and
organized to perform his/her day-to-day activities.

In this internship of about 2-months, I observed what the outside construction world looks like
more than what I used to know when I was at school. At school I learned or took more
theoretical lessons even difficult to understand theoretically. So, in this internship period I’ve got
opportunity to solve these difficulties. Because those things which were theoretically difficult to
understand, were not that much hard to understand when I faced it practically. Furthermore, from
this internship investigation, I got knowledge how I can become an entrepreneur and helps me to
understand job opportunities and application mechanism of the construction sector.

CHAPTER FOUR: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 CONCLUSION
I think it would be fair to say the internship program has been a helpful experience in exposing
us to the real engineering work. It can also be expressed as an exciting event depending on how
excited one really is to put theoretical knowledge into practice. Also, this program creates
opportunity to think in what way we should learn and what type of knowledge should we have to
gather before we leave. For the students the program opens the improvement of the work
methodology. As a result, the supervision work shall also be improved.

Additional to the above, having this internship in this time helps us to know what will be
expected from us as civil engineers, such as:

 Being practically rich

 Being confident in theoretical knowledge
 Team working ability
 Creativity and problem-solving ability

Generally, the purpose of this internship was to introduce students with working condition and
mostly it helps students to gasp knowledge from practicing the theory which they have been
learning in the class. This program gave us good practical skills and made us familiar to the
outside real construction world.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION
During my internship experience period I have seen some positive and negative sides about the
internship hosting company and rea of improvement of the internship program. So, I want to
raise my personal opinion to improve the internship for future students. In this part of my report I
tried to suggest some ideas for my internship hosting company and my department.

 Necessary safety materials and first aid should be prepared for workers and site visitors.
 Slump test and other concrete test should be conducted on the site.
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