Philippine Literature headhunting and courtship, with the narrative being

enlivened by elements of magic and supernatural.

Cordillera Literature - Cordillera Administrative
Alim has ritual connections and its principal characters
Region (CAR)
are divine beings, not mortal. It also exclusively by men.
It may be performed on other occasions, e.g., during the
The persistence of traditional culture has ensured the conduct of prestige feasts and at harvest time.
survival of the natives of Cordillera.
Example of the Cordillera epic poetry is The Harvest
Cordillera actually consists of several distinct Song of Aliguyon (Ifugao)
ethno linguistic groups, of which the major ones are the
Bontok, Ibaloy (who concentrated in Benguet), Ifugao,
Isneg (in Apayao), Kalinga, Kankanay and Tinguian (in Northern Luzon Literature
Abra).
Ilocos Literature - Ilokano literature is one of the most
Ritualistic Literature - consists of songs, chants, and active tributaries to the general Philippine literature, next
narratives which can only be performed or recited in a to Tagalog (Filipino) and Philippine Literature in
religious context in the observance of certain rituals or English.
ceremonies in divine or supernatural intervention in Pre-Colonial Spanish Period
human affairs are invoked.
Prior to the Spanish colonial period, Ilocano
Non-ritualistic Literature - consists of secular forms literature was purely alive in the form of written and oral
which can be performed on any occasion, during literature.
festivities or moments of leisure, to express communal
Ancient poets expressed their works through folk and
sentiments or personal yearnings.
war songs
Myths - Cordillera myths talk of a very remote past
- Riddles
when the world had not yet taken its present form and
- Proverbs
human affairs went on with a lot of divine intervention.
- Lamentation called "Dung-aw"
DIAM - ritual myth, recited by mediums, meant to - Dallot (an improvised, verified and at times
explain the origin of the particular rituals and how these impromptu long poem delivered in a sing-song
rituals should be conducted. manner

Examples of Cordillera myths: How Balitok and Bugan Spanish Period

Obtained Children (Ifugao)
During Spanish regime the, poetry was generally
Epic Poetry - Many Phil epic traditions have vanished, patterned after Spanish models.
but at least two long heroic narratives in verse in the
The earliest known written Iloko poems were the
Cordillera have been preserved and fully documented –
romances translated from Spanish by Francisco Lopez.
the Ifugao hudhud and Kalinga ullalim.
- Gramatika Ilokana
HUDHUD - A mythical figure known both for wealth
- Arte De La Lengua Iloca
and prowess.
- A harvest song because it is sung more often
than not during harvest. Pedro Bucaneg “Father of Ilokano Literature”
(March 1592 – c. 1630)
ULLALIM - The ullalim are long ballads chanted either
by men or women during feasts and other social Literary Works:
occasions such as peace pact assembles. It represents the
epic tradition of Southern Kalinga. - He is the acknowledged author of the Ilocano
epic Biag ni Lam-ang (Life of Lam-ang).
- Collaborated with Lopez in the translation of the
Doctrina Cristiana into Iloko.
In the northern part of the province the main
- He was also largely responsible for Arte de la
hero is Gawan, a human being who has supernatural
Lengue Iloca, the first grammar book of the
attributes. Called gasumbi these epic songs are sung at
Ilocano of Brother Francisco Lopez, which was
night during the harvest time and are all about
printed in 1927 by the UST.
 Leonora Florentino “Mother of Philippine Women's was an English language Filipino novelist and poet who
Literature” (1849 - 1884) spent most of his life in the United States. His best-
known work is semi-autobiographical “Americas is in
Literary Works: the house”.
Her literary contributions - particularly 22 preserved Literary Works:
poems - were recognized when she was included in the
Encyclopedia Internationale des Oeuvres des Femmes - The Laughter of My Father
(International Encyclopedia of Women’s Works) in 1889.
- The City and the Dedication
Some of her works include:
- My Father’s Tragedy
- “Rucrunoy” (Dedication)
- “Naangaw a Cablaw” (Good Greetings)
- “Leon XIII” which was dedicated to Pope Leo F. SIONIL JOSE - Francisco Sionil Jose (December 3,
XIII. 1924)
is one of the most widely read Filipino Writers in the
Isabelo de los Reyes “Father of Philippine Folklore” English Language. His novels and short stories depict
(1864 - 1938) the social underpinnings of class struggles and
He is also known as the "Father of the Philippine Labor colonialism in Filipino society.
Movement" and the "Father of Filipino Socialism". Literary Works:
Literary Works - Why we are shallow
- El Ilocano - Po-on
- La Lectura Popular
- La Iglesia Filipina Independente:Revista Catolica
- El Folk-lore Filipino
Central and Southern Luzon
- Mariquit the Tramp
- Sing sing ni Diego Famous Literary in Central Luzon
- Ang Singsing ng Dalagang Marmol
- Biblia Filipina Contemporary literature (1960’s): “Faith, Love, Time,
& Dr. Lazaro” by Gregorio Brillantes

Pangasinan Literature About the Author:

The earliest known written records in the Gregorio C. Brillantes, a Palanca Award Hall of Famer
Pangasinan language were written in the ancient and a multi-awarded fiction writer, is one of the
Pangasinan script called Kurítan. Philippines' most popular writers in English. His earlier
collection of short stories earned him the title of the
The Pangasinan script, like the other writing "Catholic Writer".
systems used in ancient Southeast Asia were probably
influenced by the Brahmi script of ancient India and
originated from the Sumerian cuneiform script that Famous Literary in Southern Tagalog
was used in the ancient land of Sumer in Mesopotamia
where the earliest known written records were found. Ancient literature (Folktales): “Stories of Maria
Makiling”
The Latin alphabet was introduced after the
Spanish conquest of Pangasinan in 1571. During the Maria Makiling is a diwata (fairy) associated with
Spanish colonial period, the use of the Latin alphabet Mount Makiling, Laguna, and is seen as the mountain’s
became more widespread. Most of the existing literary protector. In all accounts she is described as
works in the Pangasinan language are written in the “breathtakingly beautiful” often wearing white. It is said
Latin alphabet. that the mountain, when viewed in a certain way,
presents a profile of Maria.
Famous Writer in Pangasinan
National Capital Region
Carlos Bulosan - CARLOS SAMPAYAN BULOSAN
(November 2, 1913- September 11,1956) Famous Authors
Andres Bonifacio - Born on November 30, 1863, Tio Teban tries to escape his hometown, Bangan.
Andrés Bonifacio is considered by many to be a national Due to some actions and expectations of his father.
hero of the Philippines. He started the Philippine That's why he lives with the family of his cousin
Revolution, which resulted in the independence of the Amalia.Tio Teban is an M.A in Political Science. So long
Philippines from Spanish colonialism. that while he is living with his cousin Amalia, he realize
that he is already doing some house chores for them.Tio
Poems: Katapusang hibik ng pilipinas, Pag-ibig sa Teban can't express his true feelings with the family of
Tinubuang Lupa, Tapunan ng Lingap, Ang mga his cousin Amalia that's why he feels lonely while living
Cazadores, Huling Paalam ni Dr. Jose Rizal (Salin ng Mi with them.
ultimo Adios ni Gat Andres Bonifacio), The Decalogue
Severino Reyes - A Filipino writer, dramatist, and
playwright, highly acclaimed as one of the giants of About Edith L. Tiempo (22 April 1919 – 21
Tagalog literature of the early 20th century. To many August 2011) is a renowned Filipino poet and fictionist.
people, Reyes was "Lola Basyang" from the popular She is also a teacher and a literary critic. She has
Liwayway series he created entitled Mga Kuwento ni established herself as a major figure in Filipino
Lola Basyang. Treated as the Father of Literature with works that have been remarked for both
“Sarsuwela/Ama ng Dulang Tagalog”. style and substance.

Bicol Literature The Clay Pipe by Marcel M. Navarra (June 2, 1914 –

March 28, 1984)
Luis G. Dato (4 July 1906 – 29 January 1985)
- was a Filipino Visayan editor, poet, and writer from
- was a Filipino poet, writer, educator and politician Cebu, Philippines. He was regarded as the father of
from Baao, Camarines Sur. He was one of the first modern Cebuano short story for his use of realism.
Filipinos to write and publish works in English.
Among his poems are "The Spouse", "Day on the The Clay Pipe is a story originated from the region 7 or
Farm" and "Among the Hills". Cebu region. It depicts how Filipinos live in the
Japanese era where World War II is happening and
Philippines is much affected from the war. And also, it is
Eastern Visayas interesting because it shows the reality of the poor
Iluminado Lucente people who don't want to recognize as poor.

- Filipino writer primarily writing poetry and drama in

the Waray language. Western Visayas
- He is considered by many as the greatest writer in the Tungkung Langit at Alunsina by. Rene O. Villanueva
Waray language. - He was a member of the Sanghiran (September 22, 1954 – December 5, 2007) was a
San Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte (Academy of the Filipino playwright and author. He is famed for his deep
Visayan Language of Samar and Leyte) involvement in theater and television and in children's
- His most famous work is the poem “An Iroy Nga literature, whether it be on television, in books or on
Tuna” – The Motherland. stage.
Tungkung Langit - he is a God, and the husband of
Alunsina, who took the responsibility of writing
Norberto Romualdez everything in the world. he did not let his wife to use his
power and instead, he leave his wife alone in their home.
- Filipino writer, politician, jurist and statesman.
Alunsina - she is the wife of Tungkung Langit. She is
- Literary Works: Drama
always begging to his husband to use his power. She
An Pagtabang ni San Miguel (The aid of St. Michael) decided to leave and disappeared.

An Anak han Manaranggot (The Tuba Gatherer’s Child) The story takes place in the heaven where the home of
the two Gods is located.
Central Visayas
The Chambers of the sea by: Edith L. Tiempo
“Ang Mga Retrato sang Dalaga” by Anthony
Summary: Capirayan is about a man who was separated from his
beloved and the fruit of their love. He has earned a
degree in Philosophy, but worked as a photographer. He
might seem carefree as someone who has been living the
life of a bachelor, but his dream reveals that
subconsciously, he has worried for his child’s possible
future. The story can happen anywhere, but other
elements in this story are uniquely Ilonggo.
Mindanao Literature
Blue Blood of the Big Astana Author: Ibrahim A.
Jubair
Type: Epic
- Born in 1920, began writing in high school.
- One of the best known of the older generation of
English Language-educated Muslim Filipino writers.
- Published three volumes of short stories and two more
collections of unpublished materials.
- Was an editor of the Cresent Review Magazine and the
Zamboanga Collegian
- Came from a family of minor royalty
Blue Blood of the Big Astana by Ibrahim Jubaira is a
story of an orphaned guy with aharelip named Jafaar
reminiscing his love and memories with Dayang-dayang
the daughter of their Datu.

Indarapatra at Sulayman by: Bartolome Del Valle

Indarapatra begged his brother Sulayman to save
the land of Mindanao from the monsters. Sulayman
obeyed his. brother and fight the monsters one by one
until they were killed as those monsters killed and
brought so much fear and. danger to the people in their
land.
Indarapatra at Sulayman by. Bartolome Del Valle
Bartolome del Valle is a Filipino author. He was known
for his epic “Indarapatra at Sulayman”.
He was a graduate of BSE Major in Filipino and History.
Most of his literary pieces are discussing about the social
issues of the Philippines and he was also focusing on
the reality of life. Bartolome del Valle was
considered as to youth. He was a great author way
back 1980’s and he even became a professor in a private
school in Manila way back 1945. He also became the
vice principal and supervisor of the said institute.