Chem Rec

Note
 Experiment 3 to 5 should be written in record note.

 All the heading has to be written in black pen.
 DIAGRAM AND TABULATION SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN
UNRULED SIDE.
 Diagram must be drawn in pencil; tabulation should be written
in pen.
 Last Date of submission 14th October 2024 (MONDAY).
Refraction through Glass prism

Experiment No 3
Aim
To trace the path of the rays of light through a glass prism.
Materials Required
A white sheet, soft board, thumb pins, 4-6 all pins, prism, pencil, scale,
protractor, drawing board.
Procedure
1. Fix a white sheet on a drawing board using drawing pins.

2. Place a glass prism on it in such a way that it rests on its triangular base.
Trace the outline of the prism using a pencil.
3. Draw a thin line NEN normal (perpendicular) to face AB of the prism. Also
draw a straight line PE making an angle preferably between 30° and 60°.
4. Fix two pins at a distance of 5 cm from each other on the line PE, later mark
these points of pins as P and Q.
5. Look at the images of the pins, fixed at P and Q, through the other face
of the prism.
6. Fix two more pins, at points R and S vertically such that the feet of pins at R
and S appear to be on the same straight line as the feet of the images of the
pins P and Q when viewed through the face AC of the prism.
7. Remove the pins and the glass prism.
8. Join and produce a line joining R and S, let this line meet the prism at point F.
9. Extend the direction of incident ray PQE till it meets the face AC. Also
extend(backwards) the emergent ray SRF so that these two lines meet
at a point G.
10. Mark the angle of incidence ∠i, angle of refraction ∠r and the angle of
emergence ∠e and ∠D .
11. Repeat the experiment for more angle of incidence preferably between
30° and60°.
Result
The incident ray first bends towards the normal when it gets refracted in the prism
and while leaving the prism it bends away fromthe normal.
Diagram
Ohm’s Law
Aim
To study the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current
(I) passing through it and determine its resistance. Also, plot a graph between V and
I.
Materials Required
A battery, insulated copper wire, key, ammeter, voltmeter, rheostat, resistor,
piece of sandpaper
Formula
According to the Ohm’s law, the potential difference (V) across the ends of a
resistor is directly proportional to the current (I) through it provided its
temperature remains the same.
That is V 𝖺 I
V = RI. Here R is a constant for the given resistor at a given temperature and is
called its resistance. The SI unit of resistance is ohm (Ω)
Procedure
1. Arrange the devices as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Connect the devices with the connecting wires keeping the key open.
3. The positive terminal of the battery should be connected to the positive
terminal of the ammeter.
4. Before connecting the voltmeter in the circuit, check for +ve and -ve
terminals.
5. Check for ammeter and voltmeter reading once the circuit is connected and
also adjust the slider of rheostat after inserting the key.
6. For current I and voltmeter V, record three different readings using a slider.
7. Record the observations in the observation table.
8. Using the formula R=V/I, calculate the resistance.
9. To plot the graph between V and I, take V on the x-axis and I on the y-axis.
10.For pure metals, resistance increases with an increase in temperature.
Result
With the help of the graph between V and I, Ohm’s law is verified as the plot
is a straight line.
Circuit Diagram
Tabulation:
Sl.no Potential difference in volts Current in Ampere Resistance in ohms

(V) (I) R = V/I (Ω)
(voltmeter reading) (ammeter
reading)
1 0.2 0.1 2
2 0.4 0.2 2
3 0.6 0.3 2
4 0.8 0.4 2
5 1.0 0.5 2
Mean 2 Ω
Resistors in Series and Parallel
Experiment No 5
Aim
To determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in parallel.
Materials Required
A battery, insulated copper wire, key, ammeter, voltmeter, rheostat, resistor,
piece of sandpaper, two resistors.
Formula
The formula to calculate equivalent resistance in series is: R s= R1 + R2
The formula to calculate equivalent resistance in parallel is: 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2
Procedure
1. Make all the connections as shown in the experimental setup I by keeping

the key off.
2. Insert the key when the circuit is connected appropriately.
3. For resistors R1 and R2, note three readings of ammeter and voltmeter.
4. Connect the circuit as shown in the experimental setup II.
5. Resistors and voltmeter both are connected in parallel.
6. Record three readings of ammeter and voltmeter and use a rheostat.
7. Remove the key.
8. With the help of the observation table, do the calculations.
Result
Within limits of experimental and theoretical values of Resistors in series and

parallel are same.
Circuit Diagram
Observation Table
S.NO Voltmeter Ammeter R=V/I (in Ohm)

reading in reading
Volts (V) in
Ampere
(I)
Rs series 0.4 0.1 4

combination
Rp 0.2 0.2 1
Parallel
combination
Calculation (write it in unrulled side)
Theoretical Value
R1 = 2 Ω, R2= 2 Ω
R s= R1 + R2 = 4 Ω
1/ Rp = 1/ R1 +1/ R2 = ½+ ½ = 1 Ω
Experimental values (from tabulation)
R1 = 2 Ω, R2= 2 Ω
R s =0.4/1= 4 Ω
1/ Rp = 0.2/0.2= 1 Ω

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Note

 Experiment 3 to 5 should be written in record note.

Refraction through Glass prism

1. Fix a white sheet on a drawing board using drawing pins.

1. Arrange the devices as shown in the circuit diagram.

Sl.no Potential difference in volts Current in Ampere Resistance in ohms

1. Make all the connections as shown in the experimental setup I by keeping

Within limits of experimental and theoretical values of Resistors in series and

S.NO Voltmeter Ammeter R=V/I (in Ohm)

Rs series 0.4 0.1 4

Calculation (write it in unrulled side)

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