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    3.2.1.2 Coasts Vocab

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    Coastal vocab lmfao

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    3.2.1.2 Coasts Vocab

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    hskyrme
    2 views1 page
    Coastal vocab lmfao

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    3.2.1.2 Coasts vocab

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    Coastal vocab lmfao

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    2 views1 page

    3.2.1.2 Coasts Vocab

    Uploaded by

    hskyrme
    Coastal vocab lmfao

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    Marine Erosion Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of

    sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents and
    tides.
    Hydraulic Action The force of water crashing against the coastline.
    Hydraulic Pressure  As the waves break against the cliff face, any air trapped in cracks and
    joints is momentarily compressed.
     As the wave retreats, this great pressure is released with explosive force.
     This weakens the rock over time
    Cavitation  Water trapped in cracks in the rock is compressed by the pounding of the
    waves.
     When the pressure is released, bubbles form in the water which escape
    from the crack with explosive force.
     This can widen cracks very quickly.
    Abrasion/Corrasion  Abrasion is when rocks and other materials carried by the sea are picked
    up by strong waves and thrown against the coastline
     This causes more material to be broken off and carried away by the sea.
    Solution  This happens when seawater dissolves material from the rock.
     It happens along limestone and chalk coasts, when calcium carbonate is
    dissolved.
    Attrition  Attrition is when material such as rocks and stones carried by
    waves hit and knock against each other wearing them down.
     As these materials are worn down sand and rounded beach
    pebbles are formed.
    Sub-Aerial Processes The combination of mass movement and weathering that affects the coastal
    land above sea.
    Weathering  The process of being worn down by long exposure to the atmosphere
    (moisture and varying temperature)
     No movement is involved (this is erosion)
    Wave cut notch Marine erosion processes at the base of the cliff cut an area of rock away,
    leading to increased shear stress on the rock above.
    Frost Shattering  Occurs on cool temperate coastlines.
     Water seeps into cracks in the cliff face and freezes overnight.
     When liquid water turns to ice, it expands by 9 per cent.
     This widens and weakens the crack.
     Repeated freezing and thawing can make the rock crumble and split.
    Exfoliation  On desert coastlines, the extremes of temperature between day and
    night can cause expansion and contraction of the surface layers of rock
    on the cliff face.
     The stresses caused by these changes weaken the rock and surface layers
    peel off.

    Salt water In the spray zone towards the base of the cliff, salt water can
    crystallisation soak into the pores of the rock.
    When the water evaporates, salt crystals form inside the rock.
    Salt crystals are perfect cubes but the pores are irregular in shape.
    This leads to stresses as the crystals form.
    Biological Weathering Cliffs often contain cracks and halophytic (salt-loving) plants can grow in these
    cracks, widening them and leading to biological weathering.

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