B.Tech.

-I SEM (CSE)
Unit-I Quantum Physics

• Phase Velocity / Group Velocity / de-BROGLIE WAVELENGTH

1. Find the phase and group velocities of an electron whose de Broglie wavelength is 1.2Å.
2. An electron has a de Broglie wavelength of 2.00 pm (2.00 × 10 -12 m) Find its Kinetic energy and phase velocities and group velocities
of its de Broglie wave.
3. An electron initially at rest is accelerated through a P.D.of 100 V. Compute i) velocity of electron ii)Phase velocity iii) group velocity
of electron iv)de Broglie wavelength v) momentum
4. A bullet of mass 45 grams and an electron both travel with velocity of 1200 m/sec. What wavelengths can be associated with them?
Why the wave nature of bullet is not revealed through diffraction effect?
5. A bullet of mass 40 grams and an electron both travel with velocity of 1000 m/sec. What wavelengths can be associated with them?
What inrference can be drawn from this result ? (Why is the wave nature of bullet not revealed through diffraction effect? )
6. A bullet of mass 50 grams and an electron both travel with velocity of 1000 m/sec. What wavelengths can be associated with them?
7. Bullet of mass 50 gm and an electron both travel with velocity of 1100 m/sec. What wavelengths can be associated with them ? Why
the wave nature of bullet is not revealed through the effect ?
8. An electron beam is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 150 V:
i) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of the electrons.
ii) These electron waves are diffracted by a grating with a spacing of 2 A o. At what angle, measured from the main axis, will the
first order maximum be observed?
iii) What system might be used for such a grating?
9. The K.E. of a thermal neutron is 3/2 kT. What is de Broglie wavelength associated with neutrons at room temperature? (m n = 1.67 x 10-
27
kg)
10. Show that the orbit nearest to the nucleus in a hydrogen atom accommodates one electron wave. Given that the energy of the electron
in the orbit is 13.6 eV.
11. Find the de-Broglie wavelength of :
(i) an electron accelerated through a potential difference of 182V.
(ii) a 1 kg object moving with speed of 1 m/s. Comparing these results, explain why the wave nature of matter is not more apparent in
our daily observations?
12. Calculate the wavelength associated with a stone of mass 50 gram moving with a speed of 50 m/s and an electron with kinetic energy
100 eV.
13. Determine the velocity and kinetic energy of a neutron if de-Broglie wavelength 1 A (mass of neutron = 1.67 X 10 -27kg)
14. Calculate the  associated with i) 1 MeV (K.E.) electron & ii) 1 MeV proton, iii) 1 MeV Photon.
15. A particle of mass 0.5 MeV/c2 has kinetic energy 100 eV. Calculate its de-Broglie wavelength.
16. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength associated with proton moving with a velocity equal to 1/20 th of the velocity of light.
17. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength associated with an electron moving with an energy of 100 eV.
18. Calculate the wavelength associated with 1MeV proton.
19. A proton is accelerated through a potential difference of 1000V. What is its de-Broglie Wavelength? The mass of proton is 1.67 x 10 -27
Kg.
20. If the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron is 1Ao.What are its velocity & kinetic energy?
21. A bullet of mass 40gms travels at 1000m/s. What is the wavelength associated with it?
22. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength associated with an α-particle accelerated by a potential difference of 25000 volt.
23. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength of α-particle accelerated by a potential difference of 100 volt.
24. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of the orbital electron of hydrogen atom ,given that its energy is13.6eV
25. Find the deBroglie wavelength of an electron in the first Bohr’s orbit of hydrogen atom.
26. An electron is confined to move between two rigid walls separated by 1nm. Find the de- Broglie wavelength representing the first two
allowed energy states of the electron & the corresponding energies.
27. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength of electron moving with velocity 10 7m/sec.
28. De- Broglie wavelengths of (i) 150 gm base-ball moving with 35m/s.(ii) Electron accelerated through 120V.
29. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength of –
(i) An electron accelerated through a potential difference of 100 volts and
(ii) A 175 gm baseball moving with a speed of 40 m/s. What inference can be drawn from the result?
30.. Calculate the following
(i) De- Broglie wavelengths of (i) 150 gm base-ball moving with 35m/s.(ii) Electron accelerated through 120V.

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31. An electron beam is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 200V.
(i) Calculate the associated wavelength .
(ii) This beam is passed through a diffraction grating of spacing 3A 0.At what angle of deviation from the incident
direction will be first maximum be observed.
32. An electron and a particle of mass 10 grams both are with velocity of 300 m/sec. calculate the wavelengths associated with them and
interpret the result?
33. Find the de Broglie wavelength of:
i) An electron accelerated through a potential difference of 144V.
ii) 10gm object moving with a speed of 10m/s
34. Calculate de Broglie wavelength for
i) An electron having velocity 105 m/s and
ii) A Ball having mass 1 kg and moving with velocity of 10 m/s Interpret the results.
35. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength of the orbital electron of Hydrogen atom. (Given that energy of electron is 13.6 eV).
36. Calculate de Broglie wavelength associated with an alpha particle accelerated by a potential difference of 25 K volts. (mass of α particle
= 6.68 ×10-27 kg ; Charge of α-particle = 3.2×10-19 C)
37. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron whose kinetic energy is i)500 eV ii) 50 eV iii) 1.0 eV.
38 Calculate ratio of deBroglie wavelengths of a hydrogen atom and helium atom at room temperature , when they move with thermal
velocities. Given mass of hydrogen atom mH =1.67 x 10-27 kg and mass of helium atom mHe = 4 at Room mp =4 x 1.67 x 10-27 kg at room
temperature T =27oC =300 K
39. A proton and deuteron have the same kinetic energy. Which has a longer wavelength? Explain.
40. Find the phase and group velocities of an electron whose de Broglie wavelength is 1.2 A.

• UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
1. Using the following data show that the electron cannot exist in the nucleus. DATA: The radius of the nucleus is 10 −15 m.
The max. K.E. of electron in an atom is 4 MeV.
2. Using the following data show that the electron cannot exist in the nucleus. DATA: The radius of the nucleus is 10 −14 m.
The max. K.E. of electron in an atom is 4 MeV.
3. A proton is confined to a nucleus of radius 10-14 m. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in its
momentum. Also calculate the minimum uncertainty in velocity of the proton. The mass of proton is 1.6 x 10 -27 kg.

4. An electron and a 150 gm baseball are travelling 220 m/s measured to an accuracy of 0.065%. Calculate and compare
uncertainty in position of each of the bodies.
5. An electron (mass = 9.1 X 10-31 Kg) and a bullet (mass = 50 grams) are travelling with the same velocity of 300 m/sec.
Assume an accuracy of 0.01% in velocity measurement; calculate the uncertainty in location of their positions. What
important inference can be drawn from this result?
6. What is the minimum uncertainty in the energy of an excited state of a system if on the average; it remains in that state
for 10-11s?
7. The position and momentum of 1keV electron are simultaneously determined. If its position is located within 1 A o what
is the percentage of uncertainty in its momentum?
8. The speed of an electron is measured to be 5 x 103 m/s to an accuracy of 0.003%. Find the uncertainty in the determination
of the position of this electron.
9. A microscope using photons is employed to locate an electron in an atom to within a distance of 0.1 A 0. What is the
Uncertainty in the momentum located in this way? What is the uncertainty in velocity?
10. A proton is confined to a nucleus of radius 5 x 10−15 m. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in its momentum. Also calculate
the minimum kinetic energy, the proton should have. The proton mass is 1.675 X 10−27kg. Also show that the presence of
proton in a nucleus is possible.
11. Compute the minimum uncertainty in the location of a mass of 2 gm moving with a speed of 1.5 m/s and the minimum
uncertainty in the location of an electron moving with a speed of 0.5 X 108 m/s. Given that the uncertainty in the
momentum p for both is p = 10−3 p.
12. Compute the minimum uncertainty in the location of a mass of 2 gm moving with a speed of 1.5 m/s and the minimum
uncertainty in the location of an electron moving with a speed of 0.6 X 108 m/s. Given that the uncertainty in the
momentum p for both is p = 10−3 p.
13. An electron in an atom drops from an excited state to the ground state in a time normally lasting about 10 −8 sec. If the
energy emitted is 1eV, find (i) the relative uncertainty in energy, (ii) the relative uncertainty in frequency of emitted
radiation.
14. An electron is accelerated by 5000 volts. Calculate the wavelength associated with an electron applying relativistic
correction. Find the % of error in the measurement.

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15. An electron has a speed 1.05 x 104 m/s, within the accuracy of 0.01%. Calculate the uncertainty in the position of the
electron.
16. A ball of 0.1 gm is thrown with a velocity 103 cm/sec through a circular hole of radius 10-4 cm. What is the uncertainty
introduced in the angle of emergence?
17. Find the smallest possible uncertainty in the position of an electron moving with a velocity of 3 x 107 m/s.
18. An electron’s energy is measured with an accuracy of 1eV. What is the minimum Uncertainty in the time over which the
measurement was made?
19. An electron and Bullet (mass=50gm) are travelling with same velocity of 300 m/s. Assuming, an accuracy of 0.01 % in
velocity measurement. Calculate the accuracy in location of their positions.
20. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in the location of body having mass of 5 grams moving moving with a speed of 2m/s
and the minimum uncertainty in the location of an electron moving with a speed of 6x107 m/s. Given that the uncertainty
in momentum P , for both ∆P=10-3P.
21. An electron has a speed of 600 m/s , with an accuracy of 0.005% . Calculate the uncertainty with which we can locate the
position of electron.
22. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in the velocity of an electron confined to a box of 10-8 m length .
23. Calculate minimum uncertainty in the velocity of an electron confined to a box of 10-10 m length.
24. Calculate uncertainty in location of an electron and a ball of mass 1 kg if their velocities. are 105 m/ s and 10 m/s respectively.
25. An electron has a speed of 400 m/sec with an accuracy of 0.001%. Calculate the uncertainty with which we can Locate the
position of electron.
26. An electron is confined to a box of length 10-8 m. Calculate the minimum uncertainty in its velocity.
27. A hydrogen atom is 5.3 × 10-11 m in radius. Use the uncertainty principle to estimate the minimum energy an electron
can have in this atom.