GENERAL

CHEMISTRY 1
GEN. CHEM. 1

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

UNIT 2

UNIT 3

UNIT 4
GEN. CHEM. 1

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

UNIT 2 CHEMICAL CALCULATION & REACTION

UNIT 3

UNIT 4
GEN. CHEM. 1

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

UNIT 2 CHEMICAL CALCULATION & REACTION

UNIT 3 THE GASEOUS STATE OF MATTER

UNIT 4
GEN. CHEM. 1

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

UNIT 2 CHEMICAL CALCULATION & REACTION

UNIT 3 THE GASEOUS STATE OF MATTER

UNIT 4 ATOMIC & MOLECULAR STRUCTURES

 UNIT 1

LESSON 1 MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES

LESSON 2 MEASUREMENTS

LESSON 3 ATOMS, MOLECULES, AND IONS

LESSON 4 MOLE CONCEPT

OBJECTIVES

Describe the particulate nature of the different

forms of matter;
Classify the properties of matter;
Differentiate pure substance and mixtures;
elements and compounds; homogeneous and
heterogeneous;
OBJECTIVES

Recognize the formula of some common

substances;
Discuss methods to separate the components
of mixtures; and
Recognize chemical substances in some
consumer product
MATTER AND ITS
PROPERTIES
WHAT IS MATTER?
WHAT IS MATTER?

Matter refers to any substance that

occupies space and has mass.
 PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER
ATOMS MOLECULES IONS

These are the These are groups of These are particles

smallest unit of two or more atoms that have gained or
matter that can’t be that are chemically lost one or more of
broken down bonded. their valence
chemically. electrons.
 STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

ACTIVITY 2
 STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS

DISTANCE BETWEEN
PARTICLES

MOLECULAR
ARRANGEMENT

SHAPE

VOLUME

SPEED OF VOLUME

FORCES OF ATTRACTION
 DISTANCE BETWEEN
PARTICLES
Is it far, close, or near?

MOLECULAR ARRANGEMENT Is it regular or random arrangement?

SHAPE Is it definite or indefinite?

VOLUME Is it definite or indefinite?
SPEED OF VOLUME Is it moderate, fast, or slow?

FORCES OF ATTRACTION Is it minimum, maximum, or intermediate?

 STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

PLASMA
PLASMA
4th State of Matter

It is a hot ionized gas consisting of

approximately equal numbers of
positively charged ions and
negatively charged electrons.

The characteristic of plasmas are

significantly different from those of
ordinary neutral gases so that
plasmas are considered a distinct
“Fourth State of Matter.”
 STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS

PLASMA BOSE-EINSTEIN
CONDENSATE
BOSE-EINSTEIN
CONDENSATE
5th State of Matter

It is a state of matter in which

separate atoms or subatomic
particles, cooled to near absolute
zero.
When they reach that temperature
the atoms are hardly moving
relative to each other; no free
energy. At that point, atoms begin
to clump together, and enter the
same energy state.
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER

According to changed involved during According to dependence on the

measurements of the property. amount of matter.

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL INTENSIVE EXTENSIVE

PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
These can be measured These are the ability of It does not depend on These can be affected
or observed without a substance to react size or amount of the by the size and amount
changing the with other substances sample. of sample.
composition of the such as air, water, and
substance. base.
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
EXTENSIVE PHYSICAL INTENSIVE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES

Color Density Mass

Solubility Odor Volume
Luster Malleability Length
Temperature Boiling
Melting Point Point
Conductivity
Viscosity
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical Poperties Description

1. Combustibility Whether the substance undergoes combustion or not.

2. Stability Whether the substance can be easily decomposed or not.

3. Reactivity Whether it reacts with acids, bases, and oxygen, gas or not.

Whether the chemical is more reactive or less reactive that other

4. Relative Activity
members of the chemical family.

Whether it will break into charged particles when in solution with

5. Ionization
water or not.

6. Toxicity Whether a substance can damage an organism or not.

 Group the characteristics of the given substance
Act. 3 according to their physical (extensive and intensive)
and chemical properties.

1. The water in the container has a volume of 100 mL and a mass of 99.8 g. It is
colorless and tasteless. It has a density of 0.998 g/mL, boils at 100 degrees
Celsius, and freezes at 0 degrees Celsius. It does nut burn. It causes iron to rust.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

EXTENSIVE INTENSIVE
 Group the characteristics of the given substance
Act. 3 according to their physical (extensive and intensive)
and chemical properties.

2. NaCl with a mass of 37.9 g is colorless, oderless, and salty solid crystal. It has
melting point of 801 degrees Celsius. When dissolved in 100 mL water, it conducts
electricity. It reacts with silver nitrate to form white precipitates. It also reacts with
water to form chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and sodium hydroxide.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

EXTENSIVE INTENSIVE
 MATTER

PURE SUBSTANCE MIXTURE

HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS
ELEMENT COMPOUND
MIXTURE MIXTURE
1. PURE SUBSTANCE A. It has constant composition and properties.

A mixture that has “uniform” composition or

2. ELEMENT B. one phase.

3. COMPOUND C. It contains 2 or more pure substances that are

not chemically combined.

4. MIXTURE The different components are identifiable - has

D. 2 or more phases.

HOMOGENEOUS
5. MIXTURE E. This contains 2 or more elements mixed
proportion.

HETEROGENEOUS
6. MIXTURE F. This cannot be broken down in ordinary means.
PURE SUBSTANCE

ELEMENT

COMPOUND

MIXTURE

HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE

HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE It has constant composition and properties. A

ELEMENT

COMPOUND

MIXTURE

HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE

HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE It has constant composition and properties. A

ELEMENT This cannot be broken down in ordinary means. F

COMPOUND

MIXTURE

HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE

HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE It has constant composition and properties. A

ELEMENT This cannot be broken down in ordinary means. F

COMPOUND This contains 2 or more elements mixed proportion. E

MIXTURE

HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE

HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE It has constant composition and properties. A

ELEMENT This cannot be broken down in ordinary means. F

COMPOUND This contains 2 or more elements mixed proportion. E

It contains 2 or more pure substances that are

MIXTURE
not chemically combined. C

HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE

HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE It has constant composition and properties. A

ELEMENT This cannot be broken down in ordinary means. F

COMPOUND This contains 2 or more elements mixed proportion. E

It contains 2 or more pure substances that are

MIXTURE
not chemically combined. C

HOMOGENEOUS A mixture that has “uniform” composition

MIXTURE or one phase. B

HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE It has constant composition and properties. A

ELEMENT This cannot be broken down in ordinary means. F

COMPOUND This contains 2 or more elements mixed proportion. E

It contains 2 or more pure substances that are

MIXTURE
not chemically combined. C

HOMOGENEOUS A mixture that has “uniform” composition

MIXTURE or one phase. B

HETEROGENEOUS The different components are identifiable - has

MIXTURE 2 or more phases. D
PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

1. TABLE SUGAR 2. TABLE SALT

PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

3. IODIZED SALT 4. DISTILLED WATER

PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

5. SOFT DRINKS 6. OXYGEN GAS (TANK)

PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

5. SOFT DRINKS 6. OXYGEN GAS (TANK)

PURE SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE?

7. BROWN SUGAR 8. HUMAN BREATH

HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

1. RUBBING ALCOHOL 2. WATER AND OIL

HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

3. SALT AND PEPPER 4. CARBONATED DRINKS

HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS?

5. HUMAN BREATH
Separating
Mixtures
 FILTRATION DECANTATION EVAPORATION

Process of separating Solid particles are are Process of converting

components of a allowed to settle first liquid to gas, is useful
suspension. at the bottom and in sorting mixtures
later, the liquid which such as salt solution.
is called supernatant
is poured into another
container leaving
behind solid particle.
 DISTILLATION MAGNETIC MELTING
SEPARATION
Process of separating Process that can be
a homogeneous Process of separating used in extricating
mixture composed of elemental metals mixture that contain
two substances with from other particles in two substances with
different boiling a mixture. different melting
points. points.
 SUBLIMATION CENTRIFUGATION

Process of changing The mixture is poured

solid to gas without into a special tube in the
passing through the centrifuge apparatus,
liquid state. and is allowed to spin
using centrifugal force.

The spinning motion

forces the sediments to
settle at the bottom. The
liquid can be poured of
from the solid particles.
CENTRIFUGE MACHINE
 CHROMATOGRAPHY

Another method of separating complex

mixtures.

It has various methods that can be used

in separating mixtures such as paper
chromatography, which makes us of an
adsorbent (filter paper or
chromatogram paper.

The separation depends upon the

solubility of each component in the
solution.
 Complete the sentences to show which process you
have used. Explain how the process separates the
Act. 5 materials and why it is the most suitable process for that
mixture.

SAND AND WATER

To separate these materials I will Diagram:

use _______________.

Explain:
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 Complete the sentences to show which process you
have used. Explain how the process separates the
Act. 5 materials and why it is the most suitable process for that
mixture.

WATER AND ETHANOL

To separate these materials I will Diagram:

use _______________.

Explain:
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